ObjectiveTo summarize long-term effects of different op eration methods to cure congenital blepharophimosis syndrome in the past twenty years. MethodsIn the past twenty years, according to the clini cal features of 74 cases of congenital blepharophimosis syndrome,we adopted one -stage or two-stage technique to do the medial and lateral canthoplasty and/or to correct blepharoptosis. 24 patients accepted post-operative follow-up as l ong as 9 years. ResultsGenerally, Mustrarde technique was adop ted to correct inverse epicanthus for 54 cases, but for 20 patients with mild ep icanthus we adopted other methods. When enlarging the medial canthus, we selecti vely shortened the medial canthal ligament for 36 patients. When transverse tens ion on the upper eyelids was not increased, 33 cases selected one-stage techniq ue to correct this syndrome and obtained the same effects as two-stage techniqu e did for the other 41 cases. Other combined deformations of the patients should be treated in adolescence according to the patients' requirements. ConclusionBy adopting one-stage or two-stage technique to perform the medial and lateral canthoplasty and/or to correct blepharophimosis for con genital blepharophimosis syndrome can reach the satisfactory results if a correc t indication is selected.

Objective To study a improved technique by releasing the orbicularis retaining ligament in orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty. Release of the orbicularis retaining ligament could cut off the contact between orbitomalar skin and periosteum at inferior orbital rim, and carry the point of tightening orbitomalar skin in orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty. Methods There were 409 patients with apparent orbitmalar fold. The methods of releasing orbicularis retaining ligament and orbital septum fixation were added to improve the orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty. Results 409 cases were treated using this method over the past 3 years. All results were satisfactory. No complications were observed. Conclusion This improved method of orbicularis oculi muscle supension blepharoplasty is useful for orbitomalar skin rolling, especially for orbitmalar fold. The release allows effective redraping and upward mobilization of the orbicularis of the lower lid and the premalar soft tissues. This method is a simple, safe and effective procedure for the correction of tear trough deformity and well-demarcated lid/cheek junction in lower eyelid belpharoplasty. It is one of the best choices for lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

Objective: To explore the skin condition and histological changes after face lift based on extended subcutaneous and sub-SMAS undermining and multiple accurate plication of SMAS system. Methods: Eighteen patients that underwent face lift were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criterion. Objective, subjective and histological evaluations were performed to study the skin changes. Results: Nine patients completed the study and skin condition improved significantly after face lift from the objective and subjective results. Histological evaluation revealed that epidermal thickness increased along with dermal collagen content. Collagen and elastic fibers were more condensed after surgery than before, suggesting the dermal regeneration after face lift. Conclusions Skin regeneration after face lift can help maintain the postoperative result. Extensive subcutaneous dissection along with removal of lax skin as much as possible are the key points of face lift.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the surgical techniques and therapeutic effect of eyelid divided nevus.

METHODSFrom January 2000 to January 2014, 27 cases with 27 eyelid divided nevi were treated by staged excision (2 cases), or full-thickness skin graft (20 cases) or frontal and facial expanded flaps (3 cases), or combined expanded flaps with skin grafts (2 cases) for large lesions. One case with skin graft underwent secondary treatment with expanded flap due to obvious scar.

RESULTSExcept for one case with residue lesion (0. 5 cm x 0. 5 cm), all the other cases underwent successful treatment with primary healing. All the patients were followed up for 3-48 months (average, 7. 4 months). Except for one case with secondary expanded flap treatment, all the other patients were satisfied with aesthetic and functional results. No occurrence happened.

CONCLUSIONSStaged excision and full-thickness skin grafts are simple and effective method for eyelid divided nevus. For large lesions, expanded flap, or combined with skin graft should be considered.

Cicatrix ; surgery ; Esthetics ; Eyelid Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Nevus ; pathology ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; Wound Healing

Objective To establish a method of a new type of liver fibrosis model in rats induced by repeated injection of rabbits' liver homogenate. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (8 rats), a human albumin induced liver fibrosis model group (15 rats) and a rabbits'liver homogenate induced liver fibrosis group (15 rats). The induction of liver fibrosis began with an immune sensitizing period (4 weeks) and was followed by an immune attacking period (8 weeks). After 8 weeks'attacking, all rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Liver enzymes in serum and hydroxyproline in liver tissue were measured by standard methods and pathological scores were assessed by pathologists. Results The rats' liver weight, ratio of liver weight to body weight in the model group of liver homogenate were significantly increased compared with the normal control group. Serum globulin, tissue hydroxyproline were significantly increased, whereas serum albumin was significantly decreased in the homogenate group. There was only 20.0 percent of liver fibrosis score (2/10) exceeding a degree of 3 in the albumin group whereas 73.3 percent of that (11/15) were exceeding a degree of 3 in the homogenate group and the difference was significant (x2 = 4. 87,P = 0. 027). Conclusion In the study, we established a method of a new type of experimental liver fibrosis model in rats. The method has a significantly high success rate and this model can be used to study the mechanism of liver fibrosis and the efficacy of antifibrotic medicine.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and histological features of patients with abnormal liver tests of unknown etiology, and then to investigate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods Patients with abnormal liver function test hospitalized and had liver biopsies during 2008-2009 constituted this retrospective study cohort. After excluding those patients diagnosed with hepatotropic viral hepatitis,space occupying lesions of the liver, alcoholic liver disease and obstruction of bile duct caused by stone or malignancy and AMA/AMA-M2 positive of primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC ), the clinical and histological characteristics were evaluated. Results Out of the 180 patients who underwent liver biopsy, 88 patients were included in the present analysis. The final diagnosis involved 15 categories of diseases, with druginduced liver injury ( DILI ) [34. 09% ( 30/88 )], autoimmune liver diseases [22.73% ( 20/88 )], and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [12. 50% ( 11/88 )] being the most common causes, following by genetic and other rare diseases. Conclusion DILI, autoimmune liver disease and NAFLD were the most common causes of abnormal liver tests in these non-viral liver diseases. Some rare diseases such as hereditary metalbolic liver disease also represent a considerable proportion in patients with abnormal liver function test.

Biopsy, Needle ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Specimen Handling

Objective To investigate the impact of AG490 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB ) permeability and the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6 )and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)after traumatic brain injury (TBI)in rats. Methods A total of 144 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group,a trauma group,and an AG490 intervention group (n=48 in each group). The rats in each group were redivided into four subgroups (4 h,1 d,3 d,and 7 d subgroups)according to the time points after cerebral injury (n=12 in each subgroup). A brain trauma models were induced by hydraulic shock method. Evans blue was used to determine the changes of the BBB permeability after cerebral injury in each group. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was to detect the expression levels of TNF-αand IL-6 mRNA in rat brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of human phospho tyrosine kinase (P-JAK2). Results (1)The permeability of BBB:The permeability of BBB increased at 4 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d after brain injury in the trauma group (Evans blue permeation:10. 4 ± 1. 2,16. 0 ± 1. 4,22. 3 ± 2. 0,and 8. 4 ± 0. 9μg/g,respectively). Compared with the control group, there were significant differences (all P<0. 01). The Evans blue permeation of the AG490 intervention group were 9. 1 ± 1. 0,12. 8 ± 1. 1,17. 5 ± 1. 4 and 7. 1 ± 0. 8μg/g,respectively at each time point,and they were all significantly lower than those of the trauma group (all P<0. 01). (2)The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA:The expression levels of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA at 4 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d after traumatic brain injury in the trauma group were 2. 31 ± 0. 35,2. 73 ± 0. 35,3. 32 ± 0. 29,2. 14 ± 0. 24 and 7. 46 ± 1. 18,9. 42 ± 1. 54,13. 76 ± 1. 89,and 6. 28 ± 1. 00,respectively,they were all significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0. 01). The expression levels of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA of the AG490 intervention group were 1. 14 ± 0. 22,1. 54 ± 0. 23,1. 94 ± 0. 32,1. 26 ± 0. 21 and 5. 57 ± 0. 88, 7. 78 ± 1. 02,11. 51 ± 1. 29,and 5. 05 ± 0. 97,respectively,they were all lower than those of the trauma group,but they still higher than the control group. There were significant differences (all P<0. 01). (3 )The expression of P-JAK2:The expression levels of P-JAK2-positive cells at each time point after traumatic brain injury in the trauma group were significantly higher than the control group (all P<0. 01),they were 17. 4 ± 2. 7,56. 2 ± 6. 7,26. 1 ± 5. 4,and 15. 3 ± 2. 5,respectively;those of the AG490 intervention group were 12. 2 ± 1. 4,41. 5 ± 4. 6,19. 4 ± 4. 1,and 9. 6 ± 2. 0,respectively,they were all lower than those of the trauma group,but still higher than the control group. There were significant differences (all P<0. 01). Conclusion During the acute phase after TBI,AG490 may activate the factor signaling pathways by inhibiting the non-receptor tyrosine kinase/signal transduction and transcription,significantly inhibit the expression of brain tissue inflammatory cytokines IL-6 IL-6 and TNF-α,reduce the BBB damage,and help to reduce secondary brain injury.

Objective To investigate the correlation between virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) and the pathological grading of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B.Methods 64 chronic hepatitis B patients (the chronic hepatitis group) and 40 healthy volunteers (the controlled group) were collected.The patients in the chronic hepatitis group were underwent liver biopsy.According to the hepatic fibrosis degree,the patients in the test group were classified into stage 0,1,2,3 and 4.The liver shear wave velocities (SWV) of all the participant were measured by VTQ.The cut-off values were determined by an analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The mean SWV was (1.04± 0.13)m/s in the controlled group.The SWV in stages 0,1,2,3,and 4 were (1.17 ± 0.08)m/s,(1.33 ± 0.32)m/s,(1.53 ±0.32) m/s,(2.09 ± 0.54) m/s,(2.18 ± 0.70) m/s,respectively.There was a significantly difference in SWV between the controlled group and the chronic hepatitis group (F =34.97,P =0.00).The SWV were significantly different not only between stages 0-2,and 3,but also between 0-2 and 4 (F =8.87,P =0.00).A positive correlation was observed between the liver fibrosis and the SWV in the chronic hepatitis group (r =0.67,P =0.00).When a cut off value was set at 1.43 m/s,area under ROC curve was 0.875.The sensitivity and specificity were 100 ％ and 62.5 ％.Conclusions SWV has a better correlation with liver fibrosis.VTQ can make an accurate assessment for stage 3 and stage 4 of the chronic hepatitis B.Therefore,VTQ can be used as a noninvasive and reliable diagnostic indicator for chronic hepatitis B.