The pharmacodynamic methodology of Chinese materia medica (PMCMM) at present was discussed comprehensively in this article and the problems were found While the primary study on the PMCMM was carried out This article offers that the development of the science of Chinese traditional medicine is the premise and basis of the study of PMCMM, especially that the breakthrough of modern study on the theory of viscera state and channel theory and channel tropism theory leads dominantly the study of PMCMM; the four dimensional system theory has been investigated in PMCMM, on the two dimensional basis of the physical foundation of medicinal efficacy and the mechanism of medicinal efficacy, the time dimension and human spirit dimension are added

New healthcare reform has been achieved remarkable effects and had a lot of acceptance by people at home and abroad. As the reason of the historical and medical system problem, high Medicine Price still exists in the most area of China. It is necessary to establish a reasonable mechanism of drugpricing and improve financial efficiencies of medical reform to guarantee the smooth and healthy development of healthcare reform.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the social factors influencing therapeutic effects of drugs.METHODS:The relevant literature were reviewed and collected to analyse the causes of social factors in influencing therapeutic effects of drugs.RESUL_ TS&CONCLUSION:The efficient amse in affecting actions of drugs is abuse of drugs.In order to avoid the abuse of drugs,we should strengthen the management of drug circulation,establish mechanisms of fair competition and management of OTC,in supervising clinical physicians and guarding against the abuse of drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To advocate the necessity of carrying out drug policy research in our country.METHODS:The concepts,contents,subject characteristics of drug policy and it trend of development were analyzed by transplanting the method of the public policy subject.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:It is of very great significance to carry out the study of drug policy,for it can not only improve the formulation system of drug policy but also provide valid theory and methods for the improvement to the quality of drug policy in our country.

OBJECTIVE:To evolve the construction of laws®ulations of Chinese pharmaceutical care in drug?stores.METHODS:16sets of standardized documents were sorted and analyzed by a second order analytical method of litera?ture research.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:What Chinese pharmaceutical care of drugstores lacked were laws®ulations,the law order of the current laws®ulations need to be improved,meanwhile the contents of pharmaceutical care should be added to some regulations,and the guided regulations concerning the enforcement,checking and evaluation,monitoring and administration of pharmaceutical care items should be formulated,the pharmaceutical care work of Chinese drugstores should be promoted through the construction of legal system.

OBJECTIVE:To divided the attribute of drug and to promote the study of pharmaceutical policy.METHODS:Through adopt the methods of deductive,to analyze the character of drug,then divided the attribute of drug.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Thinking the attribute of drug is complicated,with considering it’s fairness,consumption feature of drug and external feature of disease,it could divide into three kinds,private product,common resource and public product.

OBJECTIVE:To draw a comparison between domestic and foreign community pharmacies with regard to con?tents and form of pharmaceutical care research.METHODS:The related literature was retrieved and subjected to induction,generalization,comparison and analysis by reviewing and comparison.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical care research in community pharmacy abroad was abundant in theories,scientific in methodology,definite in objective,and substan?tial in content,which serves as a mirror for similar research in China.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the manifestations of hospital irrational drug use.METHODS:By retrieving CNKI full - text data base from 1998 to 2008 with"hospital"and"irrational drug use"as keywords,a total of 23 research papers related to irrational drug use were obtained and which were summarized analytically.RESULTS:The irrational drug use in our hospital manifested predominantly as irrational usage and dosage and unreasonable compatibility of drugs followed by irrational selection of drugs,repeated drug use,non-medical error,and abuse of antibiotics or hormones.CONCLUSION:In view of the above manifestations,it is urgent to take full consideration of the hospital pharmaceutical administration system in China and take multi - sided scientific intervention countermeasures so as to effectively improve the level of rational drug use in our hospital.

OBJECTIVE:To explore pharmacist's cognition on the factors affecting the drugstore-based pharmaceutical care(PC),and to discuss the relationship between the influencing factors and the influencing degree of these factors on pharmacists.METHODS:A questionnaire survey was carried out among pharmacists in drugstores in Xi'an city and a structural equation modeling(SEM)was formed to verify the factors affecting the drugstore-based PC.RESULTS:The questionnaire survey response rate was 84.7%(133/157).The data obtained fit the theoretical model satisfactorily.Partial of the hypotheses have been proved.CONCLUSIONS:According to SEM testing results,the development of trade were positively related to drugstore;drugstore has a direct positive impact on social evaluation,the practice of basic PC and advanced PC in drugstores;the quality of pharmacists has a direct positive impact on the social evaluation and the practice of advanced PC in drugstores.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the pros and cons of Markov decision model, an optimized Markov model and to facilitate its application in pharmacoeconomics. METHODS: The basic characteristics of Markov model were introduced and the advantage of the Markov decision model in pharmacoeconomics was analyzed by comparing it with Markov model. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Markov decision model can evaluate the economics of drugs and treatment methods more effectively than Markov model; moreover, it can alter medication or treatment methods according to patients' specific health status.