In this study, renal biopsy specimens from 150 cases of IgA nephropathy were studied with light-and electron microscopically. Histological lesions from minimal change to diffuse mesangial proliferation were observed. According to the degree of the renal lesions, the 150 cases were divided into 6 subtypes. Proliferation of mesangial matrix was found to be the striking ultrastructural alteration, which often appeared as focal segmental or global proliferation of mesangial cells, as well as marked increase in mesangial matrix. Electron-dense deposits were largely localized in mesangial matrix and in suben dothelial regions. However, no positive correlation could be seen between the number of the deposits and the degree of the lesions.

Peroxisomes (microbodies) were studied with CATase, G-6-Pase, TPPase, CMPase cytochemistry and stereology by electron microscopy in 15 cases of normal human liver specimens. In human hepatocytes peroxisomes are ellipsoid or round intracellular bodies. They contain homogeneous fine granular matrix, and surrounded by unit membrane, and distribute randomly in the cytoplasm. By stereological analysis, the peroxisomes accounted for 1.33?0.38% of the cytoplasmic volume, their numerical density in spase was 9.76?1.63/100 ?m~3 cytoplasm, and the ratio of mitochondria to peroxisomes in quantity was 6.22?1.17. The result of G-6-Pase cytochemistry showed no luminal connection between endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. The membrane similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum seem to be connected with peroxisomes which was G-6-Pase negative, hence such membrane may be peroxisomal membrane system rather than smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The TPPase cytochemistry showed that peroxisomes did not connect with the Golgi complex structurally, and the Golgi complex may not be involved in the biogenesis of peroxisomes. Some figures resembled fission and budding of peroxisomes were viewed, and this finding suggested that new peroxisomes formed probably by division of preexisting peroxisomes.

The human atrial muscle cells were investigated by ultrastructural CMPase cytochemistry and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) immunocytochemistry. The primary lysosomes and ANF were labelled by these techniques, respectively. ANF was localized in the atrial specific granules, these granules were similar in size and 0.20? 0.051?m in diameter, distributed over the entire cytoplasm, preferentially being located in the subsarcolemmal and perinuclear region and forming clusters. Primary lysosomes were various in size, 0.30?0.191?m in diameter, significantly larger than atrial specific granules (P

Two cases of Paneth's cell adenoma of the stomach are reported and their morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features are described. Both surgical specimens showed varied dysplasia with severe atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. 60%-70% of the tumor cells contained coarse eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that are PAS positive but unstained by alcian blue at pH 2.5, and exhibited positive antiserum immunoreaction for ly-sozyme. The Paneth's nature of these granules was confirmed by electron microscopy and immunoelec-tron microscopy. In addition, some endocrine cells were detected in the neoplastic glands. The characteristics of Paneth's cell adenoma of the stomach are discussed and a close relationship between the histogenesis and intestinal metaplasia is suggested.

Tissue engineering is a discipline involving both materials science, engineering and life science. It has found successful application in Bioartificial renal tubule assist device RAD which is still under development. Experiments have proved that RAD can serve as renal tubule to perform its transport, metabolic and endocrine functions in patients with acute or chronic renal failure.
Animals ; Bioartificial Organs ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Renal Insufficiency ; therapy ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; instrumentation ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

AIM: To investigate the correlation between erythrocyte immune function and serum erythropoietin(EPO)and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1)in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

METHODS: Totally 30 patients with angle-closure glaucoma(case group)and 30 normal eyes(control group)were selected from our hospital from June 2017 to October 2017. The erythrocyte immune function, serum EPO and plasma ET-1 levels were measured and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The rosette rate of erythrocyte C3b receptor in the case group was significantly lower than that in the control group(10.81%±2.01% vs 18.06%±3.44%), the rosette rate of erythrocyte immune complex was significantly higher than that in the control group(17.21%±3.49% vs 11.74%±2.14%), the serum EPO concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group(26.10%±5.22mU/mL vs 22.68%±4.06mU/mL), and the plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly higher than that in the control group(70.85%±7.16ng/L vs 58. 43±5.09ng/L). The rosette rate of erythrocyte C3b receptor in patients with angle-closure glaucoma was positively correlated with serum EPO concentration(r=0.271, P<0.05), but not with plasma ET-1 concentration.

CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between erythrocyte immune function and serum EPO concentration in patients with angle-closure glaucoma.

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is an uncommon type of polypoid characterized by fibroid stroma and endometrial glands. It occurs mostly in premenopausal women and rarely in postmenopausal women with irregular vaginal bleeding. In our current case, a 76-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding. The final pathological diagnosis of the mass was APA. APA is not easy to diagnose before surgery. On the one hand, there was no obvious particularity in imaging features and clinical features, especially for uncomfortably identifying endometrial cancer. On the other hand, APA has a pedicle, attaching to any part of the uterine cavity, which can cause pseudocoel between the mass with the uterine cavity wall. So, when it comes to getting the pathological tissue in the absence of hysteroscopy, it is easy to access to the pseudocoel and obtain endometrial tissue rather than the pathological tissue of the mass. Therefore, preoperative imaging examination is of great significance diagnosis way of thinking to clinicians for APA. In the meantime, pathological tissue of APA can be obtained by hysteroscopy in visual conditions.
Adenomyoma/pathology* ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hyperthermia on expressions of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 and its MDR cell line Tca8113/CBDEA and intracellular ADM concentration.

METHODSCell lines were hyperthermia-treated (42 degrees C for 0.5 h), 4 h and 24 h later real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected expressions of MDR relative genes (MDR1, MRPI, GST-pi) and HTS 7000 Plus Bio Assay Reader measured intracellular ADM concentration.

RESULTSExpressions of MDR1, MRPI, GST-'pi genes in Tca8113/CBDEA significantly descended at 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.01). Expressions of MDR1, MRP1 genes in Tca8113 significantly descended at 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.05), but there was not statistical difference between 4 h and 24 h post-hyperthermia. GST-pi expression had not statistical descent at 4 h, but there was significantly descend at 24 h post-hyperthermia (P < 0.01). Drug tolerance decreased and hyperthermia increased intracellular drug concentration in Tca8113/CBDEA and Tca8113 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHyperthermia enhance chemotherapy effect and reverse MDR genes expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. It is suggested that hyperthermia could be used as a method to overcome MDR, which is worth more investigation.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene 677C to T polymorphism with blood homocysteine (Hcy) level among women of childbearing age from Shiyan area.

METHODSPCR-chip hybridization was used to determine the genotype of MTHFR 677C to T, and a biochemical assay was used to determine the total Hcy level among 428 healthy women of childbearing age. Association of MTHFR 677C to T with total Hcy level was assessed.

RESULTSHeterozygous CT mutation was most common form for the MTHFR 677C to T polymorphisms and amounted for 49.77% among the group, while the CC wild type and homozygous TT mutation respectively accounted for 30.61% and 19.63%. These gave a frequency of 44.51% for the 677T allele. The dominant genotype among different age groups were the CT type. Of note, the proportion of MTHFR 677CC is higher in women above 30 years of age. The distribution of MTHFR 677C to T genotypes has differed significantly among different age groups (P<0.05). Compared with those with wild type alleles, carriers of MTHFR mutations had a higher plasma Hcy level. The genotypic frequencies of MTHFR C677T in Shiyan region differed significantly from those of Sichuan, Hebei, Henan and Shandong (P<0.05) but were similar to those of Jiangsu, Guangdong, Ningxia and Xinjiang.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of MTHFR C677T polymorphism among women of childbearing age in Shiyan area is influenced by age and is geographically specific and associated with plasma Hcy level. Nearly 50% of women have carried the high risk alleles, for whom folic acid supplementation is crucial for the reduction of birth defect rate.

BACKGROUND: Sweat secreted by eccrine sweat glands is transported to the skin surface through the lumen. The eccrine sweat gland develops from the initial solid bud to the final gland structure with a lumen, but how the lumen is formed and the mechanism of lumen formation have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lumen formation of eccrine gland organoids (EGOs). METHODS: Human eccrine sweat glands were isolated from the skin for tissue culture, and the primary cultured cells were collected and cultured in Matrigel for 14 days in vitro. EGOs at different development days were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to observe morphological changes and for immunofluorescence staining of proliferation marker Ki67, cellular motility marker filamentous actin (F-actin), and autophagy marker LC3B. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Ki67, F-actin, and LC3B. Moreover, apoptosis was detected using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assay kit, and the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. In addition, 3-methyladenine (3MA) was used as an autophagy inhibitor to detect whether the formation of sweat glands can be effectively inhibited. RESULTS: The results showed that a single gland cell proliferated rapidly and formed EGOs on day 4. The earliest lumen formation was observed on day 6. From day 8 to day 14, the rate of lumen formation in EGOs increased significantly. The immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses showed that the expression of Ki67 gradually decreased with the increase in days, while the F-actin expression level did not change. Notably, the expression of autophagy marker LC3B was detected in the interior cells of EGOs as the apoptosis signal of EGOs was negative. Compared with the control group, the autophagy inhibitor 3MA can effectively limit the formation rate of the lumen and reduce the inner diameter of EGOs. CONCLUSION Using our model of eccrine gland 3D-reconstruction in Matrigel, we determined that autophagy rather than apoptosis plays a role in the lumen formation of EGOs.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Eccrine Glands ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Organoids