Integrated Distress Activity Score (IDAS) was developed in order to evaluate both positive and negative aspects of patient’s conditions throughout hospitalization. IDAS were evaluated by nurses everyday and when patients continued to have IDAS less than or equal to zero, we used this tool for determining continuous deep sedation. From 2013-2017, 1306 patients were enrolled in the study. The average rate of continuous deep sedation in the PCU was 1.2%(16 patients). Dyspnea was the most common condition (62.5%, 10 patients), followed by delirium (37.5%, 6 patients).The average days that took to decide for sedation (from the day when IDAS was less than or equal to zero), was 3.7 days. This study suggested that IDAS could be a useful tool for determining continuous deep sedation.

Undergraduate medical students in their 5th year were given integrated lectures on two topics, “ The cerebellum ” and “Patient -centered medical care”. The results of a questionaire survey indicated that students had hoped for continuation and expansion of the lectures to include many other topics. A series of discussions among faculty however, disclosed two problems with regard to continuation and expansion, i. e., a lack of experts for integration and lack of adequate means to assess educational impact. Teaching personnel in integrated lectures need not necessarily be experts or professors, but persons who can be in close contact with one another for the purpose of integration. Setting aside rigid discussions on validity, small achievement tests may be useful in assessing the degree of student comprehension.