AIM: To compare the difference in serum prolactin levels and the concentrations of anti-infective factors of human colostrums between normal labor and cesarean section. METHODS: The serum prolactin levels were measured at 48 h, 96 h after parturition in 100 cases of normal labor and cesarean using radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, the levels of SIgA, IgG, IgM, C 3, C 4 were tested in 100 cases at the same time using the technique of immuno-turbidimetry. RESULTS: The serum prolactin levels in normal labor tested at 48 h after parturition were significantly different with that of the cesarean section group. But there was no significant difference in serum prolatin levels 96 h after parturition between the two groups. The levels of SIgA,IgG,IgM,C 3 and C 4 of the colostrum in the cesarean group were higher significantly than those of the normal group at 48 h after parturition. ( P

Objective To apply 3 .0T MRI in diagnosing injuries of anterior bundle of medial collateral ligament after elbow dislo‐cation .Methods The MRI features of the injuries of medial collateral ligament anterior bundle were analyzed retrospectively in 20 patients with elbow dislocation .The coronal ,sagittal ,axial and lamina oblique coronal were scanned routinely with SE T1WI ,T2WI‐FS sequences .Results Varying degrees of anterior bundle injuries of medial collateral ligament were observed in all the 20 patients ,in‐cluding the mild injury(n=8) ,part avnlsion(n=5) ,completely rupture(n=7) .Furthermore ,concomitant injuries including lateral collateral ligament(n=11) ,ringlike ligament(n=5) ,flex/stretch muscle tendon(n=9) ,and the fracture(n=7) were also observed . Conclusion The injuries of medial collateral ligament anterior bundle after elbow dislocation could be diagnosed accurately with 3 .0T MRI and the degree of injuries could also be defined on image .The 3 .0T MRI could be recommended as regular examination to pa‐tients with elbow dislocation .

OBJECTIVES: Delirium in elderly patients is thought as transient phenomenon, therefor often unrecognized by physicians. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence of delirium and to determine risk factors for delirium in elderly hospitalized patients METHODS: We studied 172 patients aged 65 years or older who had been admitted to the elderly medical service at geriatrics center from May 2004 to Sep 2004. Delirium was diagnosed by daily interviews according to the DSM-IV criteria for delirium and the CAM(Confusion Assessment Method). Comprehensive geriatric assessment after stabilization was performed by interdisciplinary team including geriatric nurse specialist. The parameters between delirium and non-delirium groups were investigated, that is laboratory variables, dehydration, infection, immobilization, indwelling foley catheter, sleep deprivation, depression, cognitive impairment, ICU stay, comorbidity(stroke, hypertension, diabetes, dementia) RESULTS: Delirium developed in 33 patients(19.2%). Of these, male was 16(26.2% of total male), female was 17(15.3% of total female). Mean onset of delirium just occurred 5 days later. Most of the patients(81.8%) occurred within day 6. Seventy percent of delirious patients were classified as hyperactive type, 18% as mixed type, 12% as hypoactive type. Forty five percent of delirious patients improved within 24hours. Patients who persisted symptom until in-hospital death or discharge were 13(39%). The mean length of stay for delirious patients was longer than non-delirious patients(p<0.05). This study show that 15 factors appeared to predict delirium significantly: age greater than 80 years, anemia, hyponatremia, infection, sleep deprivation, immobilization, indwelling foley catheter, cognitive impairment, dementia, hypertension, high BUN, low albumin, low cholesterol, low MMSE, low IADL. CONCLUSION: Delirium was recognized in 19.2% of patients in the elderly hospital setting and was also associated with longer hospital stay and increased mortality. By multiple logistic regression, three independent risk factors for delirium was dementia, sleep deprivation, immobilization.
Aged* ; Anemia ; Catheters ; Cholesterol ; Dehydration ; Delirium* ; Dementia ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hyponatremia ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mortality ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Sleep Deprivation ; Specialization