Type 2 diabetic patients are usually accompanied by dyslipidemia.The cardiovascular residual risk is still high in these patients,even with glycemia,blood pressure,and plasma lipids well controlled.In this review,the relationship of plasma lipids and changes in lipoprotein particles with cardiovascular risk is discussed.

PTEN gene is considered to be the first discovered tumor suppressor gene with dual specificity phosphatase activity.The research has shown that the increasing popularity of PTEN rests on its important roles in cancer cell growth,differentiation,signaling transduction and cell apoptosis.Besides,the mutation of PTEN is related to cancer initiation and progression.The recent advances on PTEN gene in malignant tumors will be reviewed in this paper.

Objective:To study the variation of X chromosome centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal individuals and to discuss the mechanism of Klinefelter's syndrome X chromosome nondisjunction.Methods:The multi-copies of a 2Kb tandem repeat unit on X chromosome of centromeric Alpha Satellite DNA were simultaneously amplified with reasonable primers by (representative sampling of multiple repetitive units,rep)PCR,and the mechanism of X chromosome aneuploidy resulted by abnormal structure of centromere was investigated.Results:1774bp,570bp and 1410bp,583bp,220 bp (three short fragments are resulted by deletion in alpha satellite DNA) were detected in Klinefelter's syndrome patients,their parents and normal karyotype controls.There were 1774bp and 1410bp DNA fragments in all of samples.The relative frequencies of 570bp and 583 bp were significantly higher in Klinefelter's syndrome patients than in normal karyotype controls,the 220bp was not found significantly different in the three groups.Conclusion:Deletion in the region of Alpha Satellite DNA is present at centromeres of all human X chromosome,while Klinefelter's syndrome patients and their parents show higher frequency than normal individuals.These results imply that analysis of deletion on X-specific ?satellite of the parents during the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy plays a important role either in estimating the risk of repruducing Klinefelter's syndrome or in providing the guideline for prenatal chromosome diagnosis of villus and amniotic fluid.

Objective To explore relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance and lipid levels in pa-tients with lacunar infarction (LI) .Methods 68 patients with LI were retrospectively analyzed ,62 cases patients without heart ce-rebrovascular disease in the same period were choosen as control group ,the multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between MRI performance ,the changed level of lipid .Results A total of 299 lacunar lesions were detected by MRI ,in which there were 58(19 .40% )in the left cerebral hemisphere ,26(8 .70% ) in the right hemisphere ,73(24 .41% ) in the bilateral basal ganglia ,27 (9 .03% ) in thalamus ,54 (18 .06% ) in the lateral ventricles corona radiata ,39 (13 .04% ) in brainstem ,and 22 (7 .36% ) in cerebellum .TC ,TG ,LDL-C and Ox-LDL levels in LI patients were significantly higher than the controls (P<0 .05) , while HDL-C levels were significantly lower than the controls (P<0 .05) .Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that relative risk of TC ,TG ,LDL-C ,HDL-C and Ox-LDL to LI were 1 .56 ,1 .27 ,1 .39 ,1 .46 and 1 .44 .Conclusion The MRI manifestations and lipid levels of LI have a certain degree of correlation ,and elevated blood lipid levels may be important risk factors for LI .

The roots ofApium graveolens L. have been widely used in Uighur Medicine. Research has shown that roots ofApium graveolens L. has good clinical efficacy in the aspects of liver protection and lipid decreasing, hyperlipidemia treatment and so on. This article reviewed research on the chemical components, extraction process, and pharmacological action of roots ofApium graveolens L. so far, with purposes to better develop and utilize roots of Apium graveolens L., and provide references for follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short term quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis by using Chinese version of the sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22) and to formulate an ideal therapy system for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. METHOD: Using prospective randomized controlled design,we chose the SNOT-22 to evaluate and compare 78 CRS patients' quality of life (QOL) before surgery, at 1-month,3-month, 6-month and 9-month after functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS). At the same time, we randomly chose 100 healthy controls to compare their QOL with those of CRS patients after FESS. RESULT: We found that except for 5 items (cough, ear expanding, otalgia, facail pain and weary ), the grade of 17 other items of CRS patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in 7 items (olfactory sensation, hypogeusis, backflow of nasal discharge, difficult to fall asleep, bad sleep, bad work efficiency, depression, embarrassment ) at 3 months after FESS between chronic rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in 9 items (blow noses, sneeze, rhinorrhea, nasal discharge thickness, dizziness, night wake, tired of wake, attention deficit, sense of loss) at 6 months after FESS between chronic rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in nasal obstruction at 6 months after FESS between chronic rhinosinusitis patients and healthy controls (P>0.05), at this time the totle grade was normal (P>0. 05). The recovery period of QOL in patients was about 9 months (P>0. 05). The 5 great items were nasal obstruction, olfactory sensation, hypogeusis, nasal discharge, nasal discharge thickness and blow noses. There was no difference in items except for bad sleep replacing nasal discharge thickness between 1-month and 9-month after surgery. CONCLUSION The Chinese vesion of SNOT-22 could evaluate QOL of CRS patients in this area. The recovery of QOL of CRS patients needs about 6 months after FESS, but problems of olfactory sensation, hypogeusis, nasal discharge and difficult to sleeep still needs to be resolved.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis ; complications ; surgery ; Sinusitis ; complications ; surgery ; Smell ; Treatment Outcome

Endotoxemia is due to the infection of bacteria or lesions which release a lot of toxins into the blood,or the infusing of large amount of endotoxin-contaminated liquid.It can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome,sepsis,or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Endotoxemia is a common and complex problem in modern emergency medicine.Early diagnosis and timely blocking not only can prevent further infection but also plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of sepsis and its complications.In recent years,progresses have been made in the treatments of endotoxemia by hemoporfusion.The direct adsorption of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in blood can quickly reduce their concentration.This can not only weaken their own activity but also inhibit the release of other harmful cytokines,so as to improve the symptoms of infection.So far,the specific hishaffinity adsorbents having the clinical value are still at the exploratory stage.Although these materials were found effective in the treatments of endotoxemia,in-depth study need to be carried out on their clinical criteria in order to acquiremore satisfied results.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Decoction on elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Methods Totally 106 patients with elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were divided into control group (53 cases) and treatment group (53 cases), according to random number table method. The control group was treated with routine western medicine, while the treatment group was given Bushen Huoxue Decoction along with western medicine treatment for 8 weeks. The changes of TCM syndrome, blood pressure, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after treatment of the two groups were observed. Results The total effective rate of anti-hypertension was 94.33%(50/53) in the treatment group and was 77.35% (41/53) in the control group. The total effective rate of clinical symptoms was 96.22%(51/53) in the treatment group and was 79.24%(42/53) in the control group. After treatment, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were improved significantly in the treatment group, with statistical significance compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Bushen Huoxue Decoction combined with western medicine achieves the good efficacy on elderly hypertension of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.

Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME on two tone fear extinction design in rats.Methods In AAA design,the rats received fear conditioning,extinction training and extinction test in the same context.In AAB design,the rats received fear conditioning and extinction training in context A,extinction test in context B.In each task,40 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 per group),and L-NAME(10,20 and 40 mg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) 30 min prior to extinction training.Percent freezing was used as an index for fear memory during extinction test phases.Further experiments were used to test state-dependency effects or nonspecific changes of locomotor activity that followed L-NAME injection.Results In AAA design,percent freezing was (27.42 ± 6.52) ％ in saline group,and (30.83 ±7.15) ％,(32.49 ± 8.55) ％,(38.94 ± 11.48) ％ in 10,20,40 mg/kg L-NAME group respectively.There was no significant difference in the level of percent freezing among the four groups (P＞0.05).In AAB design,percent freezing was (30.32 ± 6.15) ％ in saline group,and (32.83 ± 6.64) ％,(39.49 ± 8.74) ％,(49.94 ± 10.83) ％in 10,20,40 mg/kg L-NAME group respectively.Compared with saline,only rats with L-NAME 40 mg/kg showed more levels of freezing (P ＜0.01).In state-dependency effects test,compared with Sal-Sal group ((26.73 ±5.62) ％) which received both saline injections 30 min before extinction training and extinction test,respectively,both NAME-Sal group((48.44 ± 10.46) ％) and NAME-NAME group((61.25 ± 13.24) ％) showed more levels of freezing (P＜0.01,respectively).Conclusion These results show that L-NAME produces a task-dependent impairment of fear extinction,and implies that nitric oxide signaling is involved in memory process of certain extinction tasks.

Objective To analyze the CT features of large adrenal adenoma and to compare the pathological features of large adenoma and small adenoma in order to improve the diagnosis of large adenoma.Methods The unenhanced and enhanced CT images of 14 patients with large adrenal adenoma,proven surgically and pathologically and pathological features of small adrenal adenomas in 30 cases were retrospectively reviewed.The pathological features were evaluated in the cell composition,the incidence of cystic degeneration and hemorrhage of large adenoma and small adenoma.Results 14 large adenomas were unilateral and single,3 had distinct margin and 11 had indistinct margin,14 showed regular contour of round or ellipse,the size of tumors were 5 cm?5.5 cm～18 cm?20 cm.14 large adenomas presened heterogenous density in unenhanced CT study with CT value of-36～51 HU,and 3 showed calcification and 6 showed cystic degeneration.Most of the 14 adenomas presented heterogenenous enhancement after contrast administration.Pathologic examination indicated that the clear cells were predominant in the cell composition of small adenoma,while in the case of large adenoma,the proportion of compact cell predominance was equivalent to that of the clear cell and compact cell concomitance.3 small adenomas and 6 large adenomas had cystic degeneration,5 small adenomas and 4 large adenomas had hemorrhage respectively.Statistical analysis suggested that large adenoma had higher incidence of degeneration than that in small adenoma,while no difference was found in the cell composition and incidence of hemorrhage between large adenoma and small adenoma.Conclusion The large adrenal adenomas have higher incidence of degeneration than that in small adenoma,while no difference is found in cell composition and incidence of hemorrhage between large adenoma and small adenoma.