Objective To investigate the method and optimum conditions of electric transfection,and the major influential factors of electransfection efficiency and the survival rate of dendritic cells. Methods RNA was extracted from human hepatocarcinoma cell line(Bel 7402).Purified monocytes as precursor DC-s(pDC-s) were separated from human peripheral blood cells(PBMCs) by density gradient centrifugalization with lymphocyte gradation fluid and adherence method,pDCs were incubated in RPMI-1640 medium containing rhGM-CSF(8?10~5IU/L) and rIL-4(5?10~5IU/L) for 7 days and made them fully differentiate into immature DCs(imDCs).The total RNA human hepatocarcinoma cell and green fluorescent protein(GFP) were electransfected respectively into imDCs by electroporation apparatus with different electric voltages,times of impulse,cell concentrations,temperatures and electroporation buffers.Numbers of green fluorescence positive cells and the total cell number were counted respectively under fluorescent microscope,and visible light microscope.One day after the electric transfection,the cells were stained with 0.4% trypan blue,and electransfection efficiency and the cell survival rate were counted. Results Electransfection efficiency was increased to the highest value,up to about 49.7% when imDCs with the concentration of 5?10~6 cells/ml were mixed with 40?g-total RNA of human hepatocarcinoma cell,the electric voltage of electroporation apparatus was set at 300V,and the time of impulse was 500Us.Conclusion Electric transfection provides a technical possibility to make human hepatocarcinoma RNA into imDCs.The major influential factors of the electransfection efficiency were electric voltage and impulsing time.As receptor cells,the imDCs growing condition was also an important influential factor.

Objective:To probe the effect of noise on the capabilities of learning and memory of growing rat and its possible mechanism.Methods:24 Wistar growing rats were divided randomly into two groups,noise group and control group.The growing rats in the noise group were exposed to 90dB(A) noise constantly for one month.The capabilities of learning and memory of growing rats were measured by means of Morris water maze test.An immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of aminobuty-ric acid(GABA) positive neurons in hippocampus.Results:The test of Morris water maze showed that the mean escape latency of growing rats in the noise group were longer than that in the control group and the frequency to bestride platform were less.The number of GABA positive neurons and the magnitude of tinction in hippocampus of growing rats in the noise group were reduced markedly than that in the control group.Conclusion:The noise does impair the capabilities of learning and memory of growing rats.The impairment may be related with the reduction of GABA contents in hippocampus,which could decrease the depressive effect of neuronic synapse and impair the induction and maintenance of the long term potentiation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and statistics the application of the oral L-carnitine in the outpatient departments of our hospital, and to promote clinically rational drug use. METHODS: A total of prescriptions were collected from the information system in our hospital during 2010-2012, then the software of excel was employed to statistically analyze the data. RESULTS: The application of the oral L-carnitine in urology was the most widely, followed by the department of neurology, gastroenterology, medical and pediatrics. The oral L-carnitine was mainly used to treat the disease of male infertility, varicocele, male hypogonadism, metabolic myopathy, mitochondrial disease, fatty liver, organic acidemia and other diseases. CONCLUSION: The oral L-carnitine is widely used to treat the diseases which induced by carnitine deficiency. The off-label indications of the oral L-carnitine existed in the department of urology, so the safety and effectiveness should be concerned.

As the second generation macrolide antibiotic, except for antibacterial effects, azithromycin can down-regulate inflammatory responses, reduce mucus secretion and inhibit bacterial biofilms.In addition to the infectious diseases caused by atypical pathogens, viral or bacterial, chronic diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, gastroparesis and otherdiseases can be treated with azithromycin.Clinicians should pay more attention to drug resistance and adverse reactions in infant.The article will review the progress of clinical application of azithromycin in recent years and the strategies for drug resistance and adverse effects.

Clinically, patients with IgA nephropathy often have symptoms of sore throat or discomfort in the pharynx, which needs to be paid attention to. Traditional Chinese Medicine has certain effect in the treatment of IgA nephropathy, starting from the pharynx.There are many commonly used herbal medicines that could relieve wind, clear heat, detoxify the body and relieve sore-thoat, such as platycodon grandiflorum, dandelion, burdock and other herbs, and pecking treatment could be added to increase the curative effect.

Objective: To describe the non-linear relationship between out-of-pocket ( OOP ) payment and economic growth . Methods: Using logistic smooth transition regression model to analyze the impact of government health expenditure on the non-liner relationship between OOP payment and economic growth. Results:The impact of economic growth on OOP health expenditure is divided into 3 stages:from 1978 to 1996, the influence of economic growth on out-of-pocket payment approaches to highly-efficient mechanism operation;from 1997 to 2008 belongs to the transition period, it stays as low-efficient mechanism operation since 2009. Conclusion: To continue deepening the medical and health system reform and reduce the burden of personal health expenditure.

Objective: To predict the growth trend of total health expenditure in China based on the dynamic relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth. Methods: First, analyze the relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth from 1978 to 2011 with the state space model, evaluate the accuracy of the model and predict total health expenditure range from 2012 to 2016 with the status space mode. Results: Up to 2016, the total health expenditure would reach to 5.681 trillion yuan, and the ratio of the expenditure to gross domestic product(GDP) would increase to 5.692%. Conclusion: It is needed to balance the relationship between total health expenditure and economic growth.

The antagonistic effects of ruthenium red (RuR) on the biological activi-ties of endotoxin (ET) which included the limulus amebocytes lysate test, the local Shw-artzman reaction, decreasing the white blood cell counts, and increase of zinc in periphe-ral blood were observed. The destroyed meshes of endotoxin have been seen under electronmicroscope. The amino-groups of endotoxin increased markedly, which it was treated withRuR. These results indicated that the polycationic residues of RuR may be the effectiveunits of antiendotoxin activity.

Objective To explore the relationship between epilepsy and stroke,the features of secondary epilepsy and its treatment. Methods 233 stroke patients were observed and the clinical data of 21 patients who had secondary epilepsy were analyzed. Results Secondary epilepsy after stroke was mainly seen in the cortical stoke patients, the incidence of epilepsy of the cortical stroke group was 16.7% , which was significantly higher than that of the gubcortical stroke patients(5.7% ) ,and there was significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of epilepsy of stroke with a lesion >4cm group was 17. 3% .which was significantly higher than that of stroke with a lesion <4cm group(5.4% ), there was also significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference between ischeraic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke(P>0.05). Conclusion The incidence of secondary epilepsy after stroke had no correlations with the stroke types,but was related to the area and the location of the stroke.

BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels are from the umbilical cord of newly born individuals and have no ethical issues, and therefore are promising candidates for seeded cels as a substitute for cel transplantation and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of serum from liver injury rats on induced differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocyte-like cels and provide experimental evidence for use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease in the clinic. METHODS: Rat models of acute liver injury were established by intraperitoneal injection of 10% carbon tetrachloride. Rats in the control group were intraperitonealy administered the same amount of soybean oil. Forty-eight hours after modeling, abdominal aorta blood was taken for serum preparation. Passage 3 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were cultured with 20% serum from liver injury rats and 20% fetal bovine serum. Morphology of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels was observed before and after culture. Levels ofα-fetoprotein and albumin in the supernatant were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cels exhibited shuttle-shaped appearance and grew in whirlpool-like manner at 1 day after culture with serum from liver injury rats, exhibited short shuttle-shaped appearance at 2 days, were oval-shaped at 3 days, and were round and an extremely smal number of cels were floated at 4 days. At 4 days after culture with serum from liver injury rats, level of albumin in the cel supernatant was significantly increased than that before induction and that in the control group (P< 0.001), and there was no significant difference in level of α-fetoprotein in the cel supernatant. These results suggest that serum of liver injury rats can induce differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocyte-like cels.