Objective To review the etiology of 10 201 adult patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in China from 1979 to 2012,and to compare the reasons between the South and the North of China,and to illustrate the change in different periods.Methods Literatures containing key wordfever of unknown origin were selected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 1979 to 2012.Articles were excluded if patient population were less than 100.Diagnostic criteria of FUO were confirmed by the standard of Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961.Totally 43 literatures including 10 201 patients were enrolled in this study.The period of the literatures were divided into the early,middle and later period,and the regions were partitioned into the South and the North.Results A total of 42 articles (including 9787 patients) provided the gender information with 5063 men and 4724 women.The etiologies of 10 201 FUO patients included infectious diseases (53.5％),rheumatic diseases (20.1％) and tumor (12.0％).The positive diagnostic rate was 91.8％.Tuberculosis (23.8％) was the most common reason in infectious diseases.Adult Still's disease (7.0％) was the most common cause of FUO among rheumatic diseases.Lymphoma (3.4％) was the most common tumor in FUO patients.Besides,drug-induced fever (1.7％) should also be considered.In the recent 30 years,the proportion of FUO caused by infectious diseases had decreased,rheumatic diseases and other reason had increased (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of tumor in middle period was significantly higher than that in the early and later period (P ＜ 0.05).The negative diagnostic rate had increased (all P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of infectious diseases in North China was significantly lower than that in the South (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of other reason was significantly higher in the North (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the recent 30 years,the most common cause of FUO was still infectious diseases,especially tuberculosis.

Comparative,medicine is a branch of laboratory animal seiences which also cuts the first edge of the morden medical sciences.This article mainly discussed the origin of comparative medicine,its contributions to life sciences.relationships between it and laboratory animal science,its importance for life science and medical researches.Most of all.the necessarity and feasibity to teach comparative medicine for the undergraduate students were highlighted

Objective Uterine epithelial cells were isolated from pregnant mice and cultured in vitro , and exam-ined the effect of CD82 on the expression of integrin αV,β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the cells.Methods The uter-ine epithelial cells were primarily isolated from pregnant mouse uterus .The recombinant adenovirus containing mouse CD 82 gene which had been constructed in our lab infected the uterine epithelial cells .Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the protein expressions of integrin αV,β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the uterine epithelial cells , which were infected with CD82 adenovirus or not .Results 1.The purity of primary cultured cells was (93.2 ±0.6)%.2.The transfection efficiency of CD82 recombinant adenovirus was ( 92 ±4.5 )%.The adenoviral particles carrying CD 82 gene indeed ex-pressed CD82 gene and protein in the primary uterine epithelial cells after 24 hours or 48 hours.3.The uterine epithelial cells of pregnant mice on d4 expressed integrin αV, β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin.4.In contrast to the control group, when CD82 adenovirus infected cells , the uterine epithelial cells of pregnant mice on d 4 increased the expression of integrinαV,β3 and β-catenin protein, had no significant changes of E-cadherin.Conclusions CD82 may have effect on the ex-pression of integrin αV,β3 and β-catenin in mouse uterine epithelial cells before implantation .

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of leptin in pre-implantation embryo,and its effect on mouse embryo development in vitro. Methods Adult NIH female mice were superovulated and then mated with fertile males of the same strain. On the morning of 1st to 4th d of pregnancy,the oviduct and horn of uterus were dissected out and flushed with DMEM/F12 medium adequately. The embryos collected were subjected to the following procedures: ①Total RNA was isolated from embryos of each stage respectively and mRNA expression of leptin was detected by RT-PCR. ②Immunofluorescence staining was performed on blastocysts to analyze the expression and the distribution of leptin protein under laser confocal microscope. ③Eight-cell embryos were cultured in medium containing leptin antibody at various concentrations to observe the formation and hatching of blastocysts. Results ①Leptin mRNA expression was only detected in blastocyst,and no expression was detected in embryos in other stages. Leptin protein was detected in cytoplasma,membrane of trophoblastic cell and inner cell mass,however no expression was detected in cell nucleus. ②Leptin polyclonal antibody significantly inhibited formation of blastocysts (1∶400,P

Objective To investigate the effect of Toutongning capsule for treatment of headache with stroke-associated risk fac-tors .Methods 60 cases of headache patients with stroke-associated risk factors were selected and divided into the treatment group and the control group ,30 cases in each group .The treatment group were given conventional therapy plus Toutongning capsule while the control group were given conventional therapy only .Results After 4 weeks ,the remission rate of treatment group was 93% and that of the control group was 63% .The attack frequency ,duration and degree between the two groups showed statistically signifi-cant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Additional Toutongning capsule has a better effect for treatment of headache with stroke-as-sociated risk factors.

Objective To investigate the effects of rhBMP2 on the differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells and expression of Delta protein in vitro. provide a theoretical basis for research on human dental pulp stem cells. Methods Monocell suspension was separated from the human adult dental pulp with collagenase Ⅰ and dispase digestion.Clonogenic cells were observed under light microscope and the expressions of surface markers were determined with immunofluorescence. divided into experimental group (containing 50 ?g?L-1rhBMP2 in the culture medium) and negative control group (containing culture medium only).alkaline phosphatase and the expression of Delta proterin of the cells at at passage 5 were detected.Results The human dental pulp stem cells showed colony growth,the nestin and vimentin staining were positive by immunohistochemical staining.STRO-1 was positive in cells by immunofluorescence.Compared with negative control group, the activities of alkaline phosphatase increased after treatment with rhBMP2 for 7,14 and 21d(P

Objective:To study the protective effects of Shenmai injection (SMI,参麦注射液) on peritoneal mesothelial cell in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. Methods:By using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy the morpholgical structure changes of peritoneal mesothelial cell in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy caused (chronic)renal failure model of after the peritoneal didysis of SMI were observed at the same time the levels of C3 and IgG in peritoneal dialysate were observed also. Results:The SMI could promote the recovery and proliferation of injured peritoneal mesothelial cell increase the immunity function of abdomen in rats. Conclusions:The SMI has protective effect on peritoneal cell in rats with 5/6 nepherctomg the protecive effect related to improving regional defence function in abdomen.

Objective To determine risk factors and treatments of capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in infants with congenital heart disease(CHD)after extracorporeal bypass (GBP) . Method A retrospective study of 38 infants with CIS and another 150 cases without CLS of a random choice who underwent extracoiporeal bypass from June 2003 to July 2007 was carried out.Several risk factors with statistical significance were screened out with uni-varite logistic regression analysis, and the independent rask factors of CLS were determined with inultivariate step-wise logistic regression analysis. The outcome of CIS infants was compared with infants of control group. Results Logistic analysis showed the risk factors of CLS were the duration of GBP ( OR = 10. 353) , type of CHD ( OR = 6. 912), age ( OR = 6. 254) and temperature of CBP ( OR = 4. 151) . Of the CLS infants cohort, 10 cases underwent peritoneal dialysis and 4 cases died. Conclusions The risk factors of CLS in infants after CBP are the length of time consumed during CBP, type of CHD, age and temperature of CBP.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of hepatogenic diabetes.Methods The fasting and 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose,fasting sertum insulin,glutamate decarboxylase antibody,insulin release index (IRI)and insulin sensitivity index(ISI)Was determined and analyzed in 135 liver cirrhosis patients.Results The incidence of hepatogenic diabetes wag 39.3%(53/135)in liver cirrhosis patients.The incidence of hepatogenic diabetes in post hepatitis C liver cirrhosis patients(53.3%.16/30)was muchh igher than that in post hepatitis B liver cirrhosis patients(37.1%,26/70)and alcohofic liver cirrhosis patients(31.4%.11/35)(P＜0.01).The fasting serum insulin,IRI and the positivity rate of glutamate decarboxylase antibody was much higher in hepatogenic diabetes than that in controls(P＜0.01),and ISl was much lower than that in controls(P＜0.01).Conclusions The development of hepatogenic diabetics is relsted with the etiological factor of liver cirrhosis.Besides impairment of the hepatocellular function and insulin resistance,viral infection and immunologic derangement and so on results in impairment of beta cell of islet function.Relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion is an important influential factor in the development of hepatogenic diabetics.

Objective To obserVe the effect of gyPenoside on liPid Peroxidation and hePatic lesion in rats with tyPe 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcohol fatty liVer disease. Methods Totally,65 SPF male SD rats were randomly diVided into blank control grouP (grouP N),NAFLD model grouP (grouP NM),and NAFLD with T2DM model grouP. The NAFLD with T2DM model grouP was further diVided into three subgrouPs:JH grouP,Perfused with 1 g·kg-1 ·d-1 GPS;JL grouP,Perfused with 0. 5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 GPS;model control grouP,Perfused with the same Volume of water. Blood sugar,triglycerides ( TG) ,total cholesterol ( TC) ,alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) ,asPart aminotransferase ( AST) ,adePonectin ( ADP) in the Plasma were measured. TG, malondialdehyde (MDA),and suPeroxide dismutase (SOD) in the liVer tissue were also tested. Results ADP leVel was (7. 46±1. 12),(3. 58±0. 98),(4. 89±1. 02),(4. 79±1. 01) and (4. 13±0. 89) ng·mL-1 in N,M,NM,JH and JL grouPs, resPectiVely. The ADP leVel was significantly higher in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly higher in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). MDA leVel was (2. 98±0. 09),(4. 22±0. 11),(3. 66±0. 10),(3. 72±0. 11),(3. 99±0. 13) nmol·mL_1 in N,M,NM,JH and JL grouPs,resPectiVely. The MDA leVel was significantly lower in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly lower in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). SOD leVel was (240. 8±17. 4), (149. 9±20. 6),(181. 6±19. 4),(209. 8±19. 2),(189. 4±18. 9) U·mL_1 in N,M,NM,JH,and JL grouPs,resPectiVely. SOD leVel was significantly higher in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly higher in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). TG leVel was (28. 98±1. 68),(214. 46±5. 44),(198. 46±6. 98),(142. 87±6. 64) and (164. 92±7. 56) mg·g-1 in N,M,NM,JH and JL grouPs,resPectiVely. TG leVel was significantly lower in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M ( P<0. 01),and significantly lower in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). ALT and AST were significantly lower in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly lower in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). Conclusion The liPid Peroxidation in the liVer of rats with T2DM comPlicated with NAFLD can be reduced by gyPenoside,and hePatic lesion may be alleViated through inhibition of liPid Peroxidation.