Objective To review the etiology of 10 201 adult patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in China from 1979 to 2012,and to compare the reasons between the South and the North of China,and to illustrate the change in different periods.Methods Literatures containing key wordfever of unknown origin were selected in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 1979 to 2012.Articles were excluded if patient population were less than 100.Diagnostic criteria of FUO were confirmed by the standard of Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961.Totally 43 literatures including 10 201 patients were enrolled in this study.The period of the literatures were divided into the early,middle and later period,and the regions were partitioned into the South and the North.Results A total of 42 articles (including 9787 patients) provided the gender information with 5063 men and 4724 women.The etiologies of 10 201 FUO patients included infectious diseases (53.5％),rheumatic diseases (20.1％) and tumor (12.0％).The positive diagnostic rate was 91.8％.Tuberculosis (23.8％) was the most common reason in infectious diseases.Adult Still's disease (7.0％) was the most common cause of FUO among rheumatic diseases.Lymphoma (3.4％) was the most common tumor in FUO patients.Besides,drug-induced fever (1.7％) should also be considered.In the recent 30 years,the proportion of FUO caused by infectious diseases had decreased,rheumatic diseases and other reason had increased (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of tumor in middle period was significantly higher than that in the early and later period (P ＜ 0.05).The negative diagnostic rate had increased (all P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of infectious diseases in North China was significantly lower than that in the South (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of other reason was significantly higher in the North (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In the recent 30 years,the most common cause of FUO was still infectious diseases,especially tuberculosis.

Objective Uterine epithelial cells were isolated from pregnant mice and cultured in vitro , and exam-ined the effect of CD82 on the expression of integrin αV,β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the cells.Methods The uter-ine epithelial cells were primarily isolated from pregnant mouse uterus .The recombinant adenovirus containing mouse CD 82 gene which had been constructed in our lab infected the uterine epithelial cells .Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the protein expressions of integrin αV,β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the uterine epithelial cells , which were infected with CD82 adenovirus or not .Results 1.The purity of primary cultured cells was (93.2 ±0.6)%.2.The transfection efficiency of CD82 recombinant adenovirus was ( 92 ±4.5 )%.The adenoviral particles carrying CD 82 gene indeed ex-pressed CD82 gene and protein in the primary uterine epithelial cells after 24 hours or 48 hours.3.The uterine epithelial cells of pregnant mice on d4 expressed integrin αV, β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin.4.In contrast to the control group, when CD82 adenovirus infected cells , the uterine epithelial cells of pregnant mice on d 4 increased the expression of integrinαV,β3 and β-catenin protein, had no significant changes of E-cadherin.Conclusions CD82 may have effect on the ex-pression of integrin αV,β3 and β-catenin in mouse uterine epithelial cells before implantation .

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of leptin in pre-implantation embryo,and its effect on mouse embryo development in vitro. Methods Adult NIH female mice were superovulated and then mated with fertile males of the same strain. On the morning of 1st to 4th d of pregnancy,the oviduct and horn of uterus were dissected out and flushed with DMEM/F12 medium adequately. The embryos collected were subjected to the following procedures: ①Total RNA was isolated from embryos of each stage respectively and mRNA expression of leptin was detected by RT-PCR. ②Immunofluorescence staining was performed on blastocysts to analyze the expression and the distribution of leptin protein under laser confocal microscope. ③Eight-cell embryos were cultured in medium containing leptin antibody at various concentrations to observe the formation and hatching of blastocysts. Results ①Leptin mRNA expression was only detected in blastocyst,and no expression was detected in embryos in other stages. Leptin protein was detected in cytoplasma,membrane of trophoblastic cell and inner cell mass,however no expression was detected in cell nucleus. ②Leptin polyclonal antibody significantly inhibited formation of blastocysts (1∶400,P

Comparative,medicine is a branch of laboratory animal seiences which also cuts the first edge of the morden medical sciences.This article mainly discussed the origin of comparative medicine,its contributions to life sciences.relationships between it and laboratory animal science,its importance for life science and medical researches.Most of all.the necessarity and feasibity to teach comparative medicine for the undergraduate students were highlighted

Objective To investigate the multidrug-resistant bacteria infection in pediatrics of our hospital and guide the rational usage of antibiotic,Methods The retrospective survey method was adopted to analyze the multidrug-resistant bacteria infection of 591 patients in paediatrics from 2009 to 2011.Results There were no statistical differences of multidrug resistance bacteria infection rates in the three years (x2 =0.028,P =0.986).Among 591 patients,17 patients were with multidrug-resistant bacteria infection,the positive rate was 2.87％,82.4％ origin of society area,64.7％ was respiratory tract infection,58.8％ resistance bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,appear multidrug resistance bacteria infection previous all used antibiotic drugs.Conclusion The multidrug resistance bacteria infection is related to occur in paediatrics abuse and unrationaly use of antibiotics.Its should be strengthened to supervise and manage.

Objective To investigate underdiagnosis problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China.Methods Articles published during January 1 st,2000 and December 30th,2011were searched in Wanfang Database and Medline,search words including COPD and epidemiology survey.The papers were then reviewed,and those original contirbutions with sample size ≥ 1000 and strict quality control entered into the final analysis.Results Only 32.90％ (1095/3328) COPD patients had ever been diagnosed to have emphysema,bronchitis or COPD,and only 9.13％ (237/2597) had undergone lung function test.About 65.40％ (2306/3526) COPD patients were presented with at least one of the following symptoms:cough,phlegm and breathlessness.Stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ COPD was found in 74.52％ (1802/2418)patients.Conclusion Underdiagnosis of COPD was quite common in China,and patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ COPD should have deserved early diagosis.

Objective To study the effect of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition by small interference RNA (siRNA) on the apoptosis of DTC cells treated by 131 I.Methods DNA binding assay was performed at 24 h after 131I treatment (2 × 104 MBq/L) on KTC-1 cells.The cell survival assay was conducted at 48 h after 131 I treatment.Western blot was used to detect the changes of NF-κB p65 at 6 h after 131I treatment,and the changes of anti-apoptotic factors and apoptotic key factors at 24 h after 131 I treatment.The anti-apoptotic factors included in this study were X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP),cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (cIAP1) and B-cell lymphoma extra large (Bcl-xL),and the apoptotic key factors were caspase 3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP).A total of 4 groups were studied for the detection of p65 and anti-apoptotic factors by Western blot:no oligonucleotide transfection control group (A),no oligonucleotide transfection + 131I group (B),scrambled oligonucleotides transfection + 131I group (C) and p65 siRNA transfection + 131I group (D).Another 6 groups of studies were:oligonucleotide transfection control group (1),scrambled oligonucleotides transfection group (2),p65 siRNA transfection group (3),no oligonueleotide transfection + 131I group (4),scrambled oligonucleotides transfection +131I group (5) and p65 siRNA transfection + 131I group (6).One-way analysis of variance and q test were performed for statistical analysis.Results The results of DNA binding assays for the 6 groups (1,2,3,4,5,6) were (100.00 ± 11.65)％,(96.00 ± 17.98)％,(9.28 ±5.01)％,(322.72 ±50.81)％,(311.36 ±44.81)％ and (36.96 ± 15.66)％,respectively (F =137.74,P ＜0.01).NF-κB functions were strengthened with 131 I treatment (qgrouo 4∶1 =10.90,qroup 5∶2 =11.38,both P ＜ 0.01).However,NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection could inhibit NF-κB functions (qgroup1∶3 =18.25,qgroup4∶6 =13.71,both P ＜0.01).Cell survival rates of the 6 groups were (100.00 ± 11.65)％,(96.32 ± 9.44)％,(70.88 ±7.41)％,(64.16 ±9.50)％,(62.24 ±9.37)％ and (28.64 ±6.74)％ (F=52.76,P＜0.01).There were significant differences between groups 3 and 6,groups 4 and 6 (q =10.76 and 7.79,both P ＜ 0.01).Western blot results showed that the expression of NF-κB p65 in the 4 groups (A,B,C,D) were (56.60 ±7.37)％,(111.07 ± 13.31)％,(113.16± 15.04)％ and (12.46 ±2.74)％,respectively (F=60.17,P ＜ 0.01).The t65 levels increased with 131 I treatment (qgroup B∶A =6.20,qroup c∶ A =5.85,both P ＜0.01); while decreased significantly using NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection (qgroup B:D =-12.57; qgroupC∶D =11.41,both P ＜ 0.01).Western blot results showed that XIAP,cIAP1 and Bcl-xL in the 4 groups were (17.59±1.96)％,(16.45± 1.85)％ and (19.92 ±2.22)％; (98.37± 17.92)％,(109.81 ±19.16)％ and (95.59 ±22.20)％ ; (98.43 ±18.71)％,(98.86± 15.88)％ and (100.99 ±21.70)％ ;(7.00 ± 0.95) ％,(5.86 ± 0.35) ％ and (9.52 ± 0.90) ％,respectively (F =44.22,56.51 and 29.11,all P ＜ 0.01).131 I treatment induced higher expression of all the 3 genes (qgroup B∶ A =7.76,8.40 and 5.88,all P ＜0.01),while NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection,on the contrary,reduced the expression of all the 3 genes (qgroupB:D =8.82,9.40 and 6.71,all P ＜0.01).There were significant differences of p19,p17,p116 and p89 in the 6 groups(F =39.03,48.45,32.56,52.20,all P ＜ 0.01),especially among group 3,4 and 6 (q =3.18-9.98,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions 131I could activate NF-κB function and enhance the expressions of anti-apoptotic factors.NF-κB p65 siRNA transfection could effectively suppress this effect and therefore magnify 131I induced apoptosis in DTC cells.

Objective To obserVe the effect of gyPenoside on liPid Peroxidation and hePatic lesion in rats with tyPe 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcohol fatty liVer disease. Methods Totally,65 SPF male SD rats were randomly diVided into blank control grouP (grouP N),NAFLD model grouP (grouP NM),and NAFLD with T2DM model grouP. The NAFLD with T2DM model grouP was further diVided into three subgrouPs:JH grouP,Perfused with 1 g·kg-1 ·d-1 GPS;JL grouP,Perfused with 0. 5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 GPS;model control grouP,Perfused with the same Volume of water. Blood sugar,triglycerides ( TG) ,total cholesterol ( TC) ,alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) ,asPart aminotransferase ( AST) ,adePonectin ( ADP) in the Plasma were measured. TG, malondialdehyde (MDA),and suPeroxide dismutase (SOD) in the liVer tissue were also tested. Results ADP leVel was (7. 46±1. 12),(3. 58±0. 98),(4. 89±1. 02),(4. 79±1. 01) and (4. 13±0. 89) ng·mL-1 in N,M,NM,JH and JL grouPs, resPectiVely. The ADP leVel was significantly higher in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly higher in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). MDA leVel was (2. 98±0. 09),(4. 22±0. 11),(3. 66±0. 10),(3. 72±0. 11),(3. 99±0. 13) nmol·mL_1 in N,M,NM,JH and JL grouPs,resPectiVely. The MDA leVel was significantly lower in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly lower in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). SOD leVel was (240. 8±17. 4), (149. 9±20. 6),(181. 6±19. 4),(209. 8±19. 2),(189. 4±18. 9) U·mL_1 in N,M,NM,JH,and JL grouPs,resPectiVely. SOD leVel was significantly higher in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly higher in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). TG leVel was (28. 98±1. 68),(214. 46±5. 44),(198. 46±6. 98),(142. 87±6. 64) and (164. 92±7. 56) mg·g-1 in N,M,NM,JH and JL grouPs,resPectiVely. TG leVel was significantly lower in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M ( P<0. 01),and significantly lower in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). ALT and AST were significantly lower in grouP JH and JL than in grouP M (P<0. 01),and significantly lower in grouP JH than in grouP JL (P<0. 05). Conclusion The liPid Peroxidation in the liVer of rats with T2DM comPlicated with NAFLD can be reduced by gyPenoside,and hePatic lesion may be alleViated through inhibition of liPid Peroxidation.

Objective:To study the effect of sensory nerve on fracture of mandible and try to find the possible mechanism.Methods:Thirty-two China rabbits were used and divided into two groups for study.They all suffered from a standardized fracture in the left mandible,and half of them with inferior alveolar nerve section(IANS)or without.The callus were stained to observe the expression of substance P(SP)by immunochemistry and analysed by a computerized-graph analysing system.Results:Immunoreactivites of substance P occurred weakly on Day 7 and 14 after operation,and became stronger at late stage in IANS group.On the contrary,stronger immunoreactivites of substance P occurred at the early stage,less on day 21 posttrauma and stronger again on day 28 in control group.The strongest immunoreactivites at each stage occurred mainly in bone marrow on day 28 posttrauma in both groups.There was significant difference in the expressions of substance P in the callus between the two groups(P

Objective To evaluate the application of CT plain scan in diagnosis of foreign body in the esophagus.Methods 10 cases with foreign body (fishbone) in the esophagus in this study underwent CT plain scan,and thin layer CT scan was added as needed.CT findings were analysed in comparison with that of operation and endoscopy.Results The foreign bodies(fishbone) in the esophagus were all showed by CT,the fishbones appeared as slight high density or high density shadows in different size and form.The complications included esophageal bleeding in 2 cases,submucous hematoma in 1,abscess in 3 and pyothorax in 1.Conclusion Plain CT scan and thin layer CT scan is of significant value in diagnosis of foreign body in the esophagus.