Background: system lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by a variety of antibodies generated against the body itself, causing damage in all organs: skin, mucous membranes, joint-skeletal-muscle, heart, kidneys, lungs, nervous, mental, blood and lymph,... The disease progresses in waves, more and more serious and lead to death. Objectives: to study on characteristics of patients with the end stage SLE and to evaluate results of some tests in these patients. Subjectives and Method: a retrospective and cross sectional study was carried out on forty two end stage SLE patients at Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of Bach Mai hospital were studied between 1998 and 2004. Results: the majority of SLE patients were female (90.48%) and in group of 16-39 years old. Number of female patients was 14 times more than male patients. All 42 patients decreased peripheral blood cell amount: reducing both red and white blood cells (71.43%), reducing both three type (11.90%). 21/32 cases with severe hemoglobin reduction (65.53%). 38/42 cases of medium and severe neutropenia (90.48%). 33/42 cases with end-stage renal failure (78.57%). 13 cases of low blood Na+, 9 cases of increased blood K+. 30 cases with positive proteinuria (90.91%). 17/20 cases with pericardial effusion (85.00%). 35/42 cases with lung lesion images on ultrasound and x-rays (83.33%). 9 cases (30.00%) with increased AST and ALT above 100 U/l. 5 cases (16.67%) with meningitis. Conclusions: dramatic decrease in blood cell count, particularly in white blood cells. Most patients had renal failure at stage III, mainly with high blood potassium, and high protein and red blood cells in urine. Others included pericarditis, pneumonia, liver and neurological disorders.
Lupus Erythematosus ; Systemic/epidemiology ;

Background: Scleroderma is a rare autoimmune disease occurs with an annual rate of about 2-20 cases / 1 million people. Objectives: To evaluate the common clinical and laboratory manifestaions of scleroderma associated renal disease. Subjects and method: A restrospective study of clinical, urinary analysis, biochemical and blood count analysis and renal artery dopper ultrasonography indexes in 147 patients with scleroderma. Results: The commonest nonrenal clinical manifestations were skin thickening (100%), pigmentation (71,43%), arthalgia/ arthritis (83%), Raynaud phenomenon (62,58%) and gastroentrological syndrome (50,34%). 11,56% of patients had signs and symptoms of kidney involvement such us hypertension (10,2%), edema (9,52%), oliguria (3,4%). 14,29%, 10,88% and 18,18% of patients had abnomalities on urinary analysis, increased blood urea and renal artery stenosis on dooper ultrasonography, respectively. Conclusion: 11,56% of patients had rena manifestationsin clinical, the commonest is hypertension, edema and oliguria. 14,29%, 10,88% and 18,18% of patients had positive proteinuria of hematuria, increased blood urea and renal artery stenosis on dopper ultrasonography, respectively.
Kidney Diseases/ epidemiology ; Scleroderma ; Systemic ;

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an organ atypical autoimmune disease which must be monitored for long time during treatment course and all the livelong. The variation of disease depends to various factors (inherent factors and also environmental factors). Therefore, treatment with and without medication has got importance equally. Activation indices of the disease will answer properly the question of giving and giving up the medicaments.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Therapeutics ; Epidemiology

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unknown cause chronic autoimmune disorder which characterized by the spread of the lesion in many organs of body. Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is often more acute and severe than adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Objective: 1. To survey clinical, laboratory and immunological symptoms of childhood-onset SLE. 2. To survey immune disorders of childhood-onset SLE. Subjects and method: A retrospective study on clinical, laboratory and immunological indexes was carried out in 29 patients with childhood-onset SLE admitted in the Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunity, Bach Mai hospital, from June/2001 to June/2006.Results: The female to male ratio was 13.5:1, and the mean age at disease onset was 12.3\xb12.4 years. The most common initial manifestations were arthritis (62.1%), malar or butterfly rash (41.4%), fatigue, malaise, weight loss (41.4%) and fever (38%). The most common manifestations in the advanced stage of the disease were arthritis (82.8%), alopecia (62.1%), nephritis (89.7), anemia (72.4%), leucopenia (58.6%), thrombocytopenia (51.7%), neurological disorders (58.6%), fever (55.2%) and malar rash (48.3%). 93.1% of the patients had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The rates of patients with ANA, anti ds-DNA antibody and LE cells were 88%, 64%, and 10.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The author recommended that on the suspicious cases, necessary tests for detecting childhood onset SLE should be conducted soon for differential diagnosis. The SLE with onset in childhood, often more severe than later life must be aggressively treated.
Lupus Erythematosus ; Systemic/ epidemiology ; pathology ; Child

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multiorgan-involved autoimmune disease, and it can overlap organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroid diseases, autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease. There may be some association between SLE and these autoimmune diseases, such as common immunological and genetic basis, but the pathogenic mechanism is still unclear. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding the prevalence and possible pathogenesis of SLE overlapping the above three autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune Diseases ; complications ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; complications ; epidemiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Research ; trends ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; complications ; epidemiology

Objective: To investigate the risk factors of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with thyroid dysfunction and to explore the relationship between thyroid hormone and kidney injury of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods: In this retrospective study, 253 patients who were diagnosed with childhood SLE and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled in the case group, and 70 healthy children were the control cases. The patients in the case group were divided into the normal thyroid group and the thyroid dysfunction group. Independent t-test, χ² test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between the groups, Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis, and Spearman correlation. Results: A total of 253 patients, there were 44 males and 209 females in the case group, and the age of onset was 14 (12, 16) years; a total of 70 patients, 24 males and 46 females were in the control group, and the age of onset was 13 (10, 13) years. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the case group was higher than that in the control group (48.2% (122/253) vs. 8.6% (6/70), χ²=36.03, P<0.05). Of the 131 patients, there were 17 males and 114 females in the normal thyroid group, and the age of onset was 14 (12, 16) years. Of the 122 patients in the thyroid dysfunction group, 28 males and 94 females were in the thyroid dysfunction group, and the age of onset was 14 (12, 16) years. Of the 122 had thyroid dysfunction, including 51 cases (41.8%) with euthyroid sick syndrome, 25 cases (20.5%) with subclinical hypothyroidism, 18 cases (14.8%) patients with sub-hyperthyroidism, 12 cases (9.8%) with hypothyroidism, 10 cases (8.2%) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 4 cases (3.3%) with hyperthyroidism, and 2 cases (1.6%) with Graves disease. Compared to patients with normal thyroid function, the serum level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, urine white blood cell, urine red blood cell, 24 h urine protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen, ferritin and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score were higher in patients with thyroid dysfunction (Z=3.07, 3.07, 2.48, 3.16, 2.40, 3.99, 2.68, 2.55, 2.80, all P<0.05), while the serum level of free thyroxine and C3 were lower in thyroid disfunction patients (10.6 (9.1, 12.7) vs. 11.3 (10.0, 12.9) pmol/L, and 0.46 (0.27, 0.74) vs. 0.57 (0.37, 0.82) g/L, Z=2.18, 2.42, both P<0.05). The higher level of triglyceride and D-dimer were the independent risk factors for childhood SLE with thyroid dysfunction (OR=1.40 and 1.35, 95%CI 1.03-1.89 and 1.00-1.81, respectively, both P<0.05). There were 161 patients with LN in the case group, all of which were conducted with renal biopsies, including 11 cases (6.8%) with types Ⅰ LN, 11 cases (6.8%) with typesⅡLN, 31 cases (19.3%) with types Ⅲ LN, 92 cases (57.1%) with types Ⅳ LN, and 16 cases (9.9%) with types Ⅴ LN. There were significant differences in the level of free triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone among different types of kidney pathology (both P<0.05); compared with types I LN, the serum level of free triiodothyronine was lower in types Ⅳ LN (3.4 (2.8, 3.9) vs. 4.3 (3.7, 5.5) pmol/L, Z=3.75, P<0.05). The serum level of free triiodothyronine was negatively correlated with the acute activity index score of lupus nephritis (r=-0.228, P<0.05), while the serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone was positively correlated with the renal pathological acute activity index score of lupus nephritis (r=0.257, P<0.05). Conclusions: There is a high incidence of thyroid dysfunction in childhood SLE patients. The higher SLEDAI and more severe renal damage were found in SLE patients with thyroid dysfunction compared to these with normal thyroid functions. The risk factors of childhood SLE with thyroid dysfunction are the higher level of triglyceride and D-dimer. The serum level of thyroid hormone is possibly related to the kidney injury of LN.
Child ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis/epidemiology* ; Triiodothyronine ; Retrospective Studies ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications* ; Hypothyroidism/epidemiology* ; Hyperthyroidism ; Risk Factors

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that affects multiple organs and systems. It is more common in women of childbearing age. Compared with the general population, pregnant women with SLE are at a significantly increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes such as preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. In addition, the offspring of SLE patients may also be adversely affected by in utero exposure to maternal autoantibodies, cytokines, and drugs. This article summarizes the long-term developmental outcomes of offspring of pregnant women with SLE in terms of the blood system, circulatory system, nervous system, and immune system.
Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology* ; Pregnant Women ; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology* ; Premature Birth/etiology* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Child ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/virology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and serological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) overlap syndrome (Rhupus syndrome). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 21 patients with Rhupus syndrome who were hospitalized at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January 2010 and January 2018. We compared the joint involvement, autoantibodies and clinical manifestations of Rhupus syndrome with 81 cases of RA-alone and 51 cases of SLE-alone. RESULTS: In 21 patients with Rhupus syndrome, there are 3 males and 18 females. Compared with the SLE-alone group, the patients with Rhupus syndrome were older [(49.43±11.66) vs. (40.59±12.73), P=0.008]. The median age of the patients with Rhupus syndrome at RA onset was significantly younger than that of the RA-alone patients [(32.58±11.14) vs. (43.11±11.83), P=0.010]. Of the 21 patients with Rhupus syndrome, the initial diagnosis was RA in 57% (12/21), except 2 male patients, the other 10 patients with SLE manifestations were menopause, the mean age of amenorrhea or menopause was (44.30±5.33) (36-50) years. The mean interval between the onset of SLE and RA was 10.83 years. Two patients started with SLE manifestations. Moreover, both diseases simultaneously developed in 33.3% of the patients. Except one male patient, 3 patients were in menopause stage when RA and SLE appeared. The positive rate of specific antibody Rhupus syndrome was similar to that of RA. Renal damage was relatively rare in SLE related manifestations, but the incidence of interstitial lung disease was higher. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of complements C3 and C4, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibody between the Rhupus syndrome and SLE-alone group. CONCLUSION Rhupus syndrome is an overlapping syndrome in which RA and SLE coexist. Most of the diseases occur in RA and the related manifestations of RA are more serious than those of SLE. The incidence of Rhupus syndrome may be related to the change of sex hormone levels.
Adult ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology* ; Autoantibodies ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology* ; Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology* ; Menstruation Disturbances