Using a questionnaire, a snoring study was done in 400 medical and 78 nursing students of University Malaysia Sarawak in 2004 and 2005. The response rates were 72.5% for medical students and 83.3% for nursing students. The habitual snoring percentages for all years, first year and final year medical students were 7.2, 9.9 and 3.6 respectively; and for all years, first year and third year nursing students were 12.3, 13.3 and 8.3. These figures were lower than those found in Hong Kong and Germany, despite similar body mass index (BMI). In the combined group of student, positive correlation with snoring was found in male gender (p=0.011), BMI (p=0.002) and sleep apnoea (p=0.05). For medical students, positive correlation was found in male gender (p<0.0005), weight (p <0.001), height (p <0.001) and sleep apnoea (p<0.001), and for nursing students in BMI (p=0.008) and weight (p=0.033). No significant correlation was found in snoring with Epworth Sleepiness Scale and academic performance.

Objective: Transition of people with cognitive impairment to nursing home is often an option when their disease progresses and their needs become too complex. The aim of this study was to identify the needs of people with cognitive impairment living in nursing homes and factors associated with higher level of needs. Methods: A cross sectional survey involving 110 respondents with cognitive impairment aged ≥60 was carried out. Respondents were assessed using the Short Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Camberwell Assessment of Needs for Elderly (CANE), Barthel Index (BI), Friendship Scale (FS), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results: Respondents with cognitive impairment had a mean of 2.81 (SD=3.72) for unmet needs and 11.95 (SD=3.14) for the met needs, with higher mean suggesting a better outcome measure. The most frequent unmet needs were intimate relationships (66.40%), company (40.00%), and daytime activity (34.50%). Unmet needs were significantly associated with depression, social isolation, and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Most of the needs of people with cognitive impairment in nursing homes were fulfilled, except in social area. Therefore, attention should be given in improving the care system, which emphasizes collaboration between people with cognitive impairment, family members, community, and government in helping to reduce the risk of loneliness in those with cognitive impairment.