Objective To observe the effects of salvianolate on blood biochemical indexes, pathological changes of renal tissue and expression of CD2AP and Desmin protein in membranous nephropathy rats induced by cationic bovine serum albumin. And to explore the renal protective effect of salvianolate on membranous nephropathy rats and its possible mechanism. Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and modle group. Rat models of membranous nephropathy were reproduced by injection of cationized bovine serum albumin through tail vein. Model successful rats were randomly divided into model group, benazepril group, and salvianolate groups (16.7, 33.3, and 66.7 mg/kg). Each group was given the dose of the corresponding drugs. After treatment, the level of 24 h urine total protein (UTP), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected. Immunofluorescence, light microscope, and electron microscope were used to observe the pathological changes of rat kidney. Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect the expression of CD2AP and Desmin. Results Compared with the control group, levels of UTP, TC, and TG increased significantly (P < 0.01), levels of serum TP and ALB decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the UTP, TC, and TG of each treatment group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.01), while the TP and ALB were significantly increased (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the UTP, TC, TG, TP, and ALB among each dosage of salvianolate and benazepril group. And there was no significant difference among each dose group of salvianolate. There was no significant difference among each groups in the level of BUN and Scr. Compared with the normal group, the expression of CD2AP in model group was significantly decreased and Desmin was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of CD2AP increased and Desmin decreased in each treatment group (P < 0.01), but there was no difference among the treatment groups. Conclusion Salvianolate has kidney protective effect on membranous nephropathy rats. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of CD2AP, down-regulating the expression of Desmin, inhibiting podocyte injury and protecting the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.

OBJECTIVE To observe Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) infection at high altitude and plain after gunshot injury. METHODS Used 7.62mm bullets to injure posterior limbs of piglets with the same age.We got contusing tissues in different time after injury,to make bacteriologic examination,identify and make a statistic analysis of SAU. RESULTS The main infection was caused by SAU after gunshot injury in two regions.From contusing tissues in two regions,the rate of contamination caused by SAU in Chongqing and Lasa was 48% and 18%,respectively.The time of SAU colonization was 3 hours at high altitude,and less 3 hours at plain.The velocity of reproduction of SAU at high altitude for 12 hours was 5-6 passages,and at plain was 4-6 passages for 3-6h.The time of remaining relative steady state between tissues and germs was 48 hours at high aititude and 24 hours at plain.The difference of the number of SAU between two regions after injury 3-36 hours was significant,But after 36 hours the difference was unsignificant. CONCLUSIONS At high altitude region,SAU is the main germ that causes contamination after gunshot injury,the velocity of reproduction of SAU is slower than that at plain,the time of infection is delayed obviously.

Objective To compare the effect of high volume continuous blood purification (CBP) with routine CBP on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods 38 patients with MODS were randomly divided into high volume CBP group( treatment group,18 cases) and routine CBP group (control group,20 cases).And they were respectively detected on mean arterial pressure(MAP),dosage of Dopamine,PaO2/FiO2,APACHE [ score,lactic acid,length of stay and mortality in ICU post-treatment 24h and 48h.Results Compared with control group,MAP and PaO2/FiO2 on treatment group were more higher( P ＜ 0.05 ),while dosage of Dopamine,APACHE Ⅱ score,lactic acid were significantly shorter than these of treatment group( P ＜ 0.05 ),and length of stay and mortality in ICU were significantly lower than those of treatmen group [ ( 8.54 ± 4.15 ) d vs ( 11.82 ± 5.76) d,P ＜ 0.05:22.2％ vs 35.0％,P ＜0.05 ].Conclusion High volume CBP could reduce the mortality in ICU compared with control group routine CBP.

Objective To investigate the effect of treatment and mechanism with hyperbaric oxygenation and doxazosin in pa-tients with Ⅲ type prostatitis in plateau .Methods A total of 94 patients with Ⅲ type prostatitis were divided randomizedly into hyperbaric oxygenation group (n=28) ,doxazosin treated group (n=31) and hyperbaric oxygenation and doxazosin combining trea-ted group (n= 35) .And then they were evaluated in 8 weeks treatment respectvely by the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and adverse events .Prostate fluid and semen routine were examed .Results All three groups got the improved CPSI after treatment ,oxygenation-doxazosin combining treated group(82 .9% )was better than that of oxy-genation and doxazosin treated group(73 .7% and 70 .0% )(P<0 .05) .Results of prostate fluid and semen routine examination of combining treated group were significantly improved than before (P<0 .05) .No complications occurred .Conclusion Combination of hyperbaric oxygenation and doxazosin is a safe and effective therapy in the treatment of Ⅲ type prostatitis in plateau .

AIM: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of aminophylline on the pulmonary hypertension rebound reaction to exposure to NO in the hypoxic pigs. METHODS: The 10 pigs undergone Swan-Ganz catheter, the mPAP was measured with a Physio-recording instrument and PaO 2 was measured with a blood gas analyzer, when breathing NO for 30 minutes and suddenly stopping breathing NO, administing aminophylline 0.25 g, followed by 30 minutes with room air. The respiratory rate and heart rate were also monitorried with a Hewlett-Packard portable monitor. RESULTS: The mPAP of the acute hypoxic pig was induced significantly after breathing 10 -5 NO. When suddenly stopping breathing NO, the induced mPAP became more and more high, the level of the mPAP in 5 minutes was similar to the values before absorbing NO, the mPAP in 10 minutes was higher than values before absorbing NO, while the level of PaO 2 was lower than the values before absorbing NO; but suddenly stopping breathing NO, administing aminophylline, although the induced mPAP became high, the speed was slower than the controls, the level of the mPAP in 30 minutes still was lower than the values before absorbing NO. CONCLUSION: Aminophylline has preventive effects on the pulmonary hypertension rebound reaction to exposure to NO in the hypoxic pigs.

[Abstract ] Objective Chronic renal disease,a common and frequent disease,is the most cause inducing chronic renal failure. There is an important guiding significance for renal biopsy in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of renal disease.The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of renal biopsy and the relation between pathological types and clinical presentation in Tibet. Methods Between June 2011 and December 2013 in General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command, Lhasa, percutaneous renal biopsy were per-formed in 107 renal patients.In this study, the gender, age, pathologic entities, and clinical manifestation were analyzed retrospectively. The final diagnosis was made by the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination,and pathologic results. Results The mean age at renal biopsy was 29.8 ±12.2(10~66)years in 47 male cases (43.9%) and 69 female cases (56.1%).This includes 75 Tibetan cases (70.1%), 31 Han cases (28.9%), and Bai cases (1.0%).The primary glomerular disease was 95.3%and the secondary glomerular disease was 4.7%in the total 107 cases.Fourty-four point three percent of the primary glomerular disease were male cases and 100%of secondary glomerular disease were female cases.The main pathological type of the primary glomerular disease was podocyte nephropathy (43.9%), followed by membranous nephropathy (18.7%), IgA nephropathy (11.2%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.3%) and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (5.6%).The clinical manifestations of 107 cases were classified as syndrome of nephrotic syn-dromn(69.1%),urinary abnormalities(14.9%),isolated macrographic haematuria (3.7%),chronic renal failure(2.8%).Among the nephrotic syndrome,podocyte disease was 63.5%,membranous glomerulopathy was 18.9%,focal segmental glomeruolsclerosis was 8.1%,and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was 5.4%. Conclusion The primary glomerulonephritis was the most common glomerular diseases at high altitude area in Tibet.The most frequent type of pri-mary glomerular nephritis was podocyte disease, and the most frequent type of secondary glomerular nephritis was Henoch-Schonlein purpura glomerulonephritis.

AIM: To explore the pathogenic mechanism of high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE). METHODS: Haemodynamic changes and effects of 100 percent oxygen breathing were measured by Swan-Ganz thermistor catheters, high altitude healthy volunteers were served as controls. RESULTS: The important features of haemodynamic changes in HAPE: (1)Pulmonary arterial pressure was raised; (2)Pulmonary arterial resistance and cardiac output were raised; (3)Pulmonary artery wedge pressures and right atrial pressure were normal; (4)Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance were induced by oxygen breathing. CONCLUSIONS: The normal pulmonary artery wedge pressures with a high cardiac output indicated that HAPE was recognized as a form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The pulmonary hypertension may play an important role in the development of HAPE.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between tissue quantitative distribution and pharmacokinetics of 3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone and the channel-tropism of herbal drugs in mice.

METHOD3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone was used as a tracer agent and injected into mice by the caudal vein. In 36 hours, the contents of the tracer agent of samples involving 9 different tracing phases and organ or tissue were determined in order to observe the dynamic quantitative distribution and excretion and pharmacokinetics of 3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone and to understand the channel-tropism of herbal drugs achyranthes bidentata.

RESULT3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone of same organs in different tracing phases and the contents of 3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone in same tracing phases of different organs were significantly different (P<0.01). 3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone was mainly distributed, in the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, small intestine and lung. The concentration-time profiles of achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone in rats injected into mice by the caudal vein were shown to fit a two-compartment open model with half-lives of (778.65 +/- 12.36) min, the elimination of achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone from plasma was found to be in accord with linear kinetics.

CONCLUSIONThe above mentioned selective distribution of 3H-achyranthes bidentata ecdysterone basically coincides with the meridian affinity and zang fu selection of the traditional Chinese medicine drug Achyranthes bidentata. This study will provide a scientific basis for the channel-tropism of A. bidentata.

Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Ecdysterone ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Isotope Labeling ; Male ; Meridians ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; Tissue Distribution ; Tritium ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the correlation between hyponatremia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:Clinical data of 12 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Shantou Central Hospital from January 23 to February 5 in 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, symptoms, lab test and clinical outcomes, to analyze the change trend of blood Na + level in the patients with COVID-19. Results:Among the 12 patients with COVID-19, there were 8 males and 4 females with the mean age of (38.0±16.3) years old, most of them were admitted to the hospital with cough and/or fever. All patients had a positive nucleic acid test for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), and were discharged after clinical treatment with oxygen therapy, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and nutritional support. All patients were of ordinary type when they were admitted to the hospital. Among them, 1 patient turned into a severe case during the course of the disease, and 1 patient showed a tendency to become severe case. It was found that 10 patients without severe conversion had an average blood Na + of (138.3±1.3) mmol/L at admission, and the lowest blood Na + during the course of disease was (135.9±3.1) mmol/L. However, 2 patients who became severe and had a tendency to become severe disease (Na + levels at admission were 140.0 mmol/L and 138.0 mmol/L, respectively) experienced hyponatremia during the course of the disease (the lowest blood Na + levels were 129.0 mmol/L and 122.0 mmol/L). Further analysis showed that the lower serum Na + level, the higher level of white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP), but serum Na + level was consistent with the change trend of lymphocytes, suggesting that hyponatremia was closely correlated with severe inflammation reaction. Conclusions:Serum Na + showed decreasing tendency during the development of COVID-19, and hyponatremia was closely related to the severity of COVID-19. It was necessary to pay great attention to the change trend of blood Na + level. However, further research was needed to obtain more reliable conclusions and explorer the pathophysiological mechanisms.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Dahuang Xiezhuo prescription on the changes in renal pathology and reactive oxygen species （ROS）/thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） pathway expression in the kidney tissues of rats with 5/6 nephrectomy， and to explore the mechanism of Dahuang Xiezhuo prescription in protecting renal function and delaying renal interstitial fibrosis and the possibility. MethodNinety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group， a model group， low， medium， and high-dose （6.825， 13.65， 27.30 g·kg^-1） Dahuang Xiezhuo prescription groups， and a Niaoduqing granule group （2.60 g·kg^-1）. Except the sham operation group， 5/6 nephrectomy was used to replicate the rat model of chronic renal failure （CRF）. After modeling， each administration group was given the corresponding dose of drug suspension by intragastric administration， once a day for consecutive 8 weeks. After administration， serum creatinine （SCr） and urea nitrogen （BUN） levels and 24 h urinary protein quantification （UTP） levels were detected. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of thioredoxin （TRX）， TXNIP， and NLRP3. The protein expressions of TRX， TXNIP， NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， transformation growth factor-β （TGF-β）， Collagen Ⅳ， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， and fibronectin （FN） were detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultAs compared with the sham operation group， serum levels of SCr， BUN， and UTP in the model group were increased （P<0.05）， TRX， TXNIP， NLRP3， ASC， TGF-β， Collagen Ⅳ， α-SMA， and FN proteins were increased （P<0.01）， and renal interstitial fibrosis significantly occurred. As compared with the model group， the levels of SCr， 24 h BUN， and UTP in the low， medium， and high-dose Dahuang Xiezhuo prescription groups and the Niaoduqing granule group were decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05）， TRX， TXNIP， NLRP3， ASC， TGF-β， Collagen Ⅳ， α-SMA， and FN were decreased （P<0.01）， and renal interstitial fibrosis was improved to varying degrees. ConclusionDahuang Xiezhuo prescription can protect renal function and delay renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with CRF.