Background and purpose:CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are an important naturally accruing subpopulation of regulatory T cells. They not only prevent the spontaneous emergence of autoimmune diseases and contribute to the establishment of dominant tolerance on allogeneic transplantation, but also play an essential role in the generation, development and immunotherapy of many different kinds of malignant tumors. We studied the expression of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells(Tregs) in colorectal cancer patients and its significance. Methods:The tissues of tumors and counterpart normal tissue of 30 colorectal cancer patients were collected, the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs as the percentage of the total CD4+ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.Results:Compared with counterpart normal tissue(5.5?1.3)%, the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in tumor tissues was significantly higher (24.1?4.8)%(t=5.155,P=0.002). The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in the patients with lymph nodes metastasis was (27.9?3.6)% which was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph nodes metastasis[(20.3?1.3)% (t=3.489,P=0.025)].Conclusions:The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients was significantly increased, and they may play an essential role in the development of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To promote rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS: By reviewing the pertinent literature both at home and abroad, the causes of ADRs induced by Chinese medicine injections were analyzed. RESULTS: the reasons accountable for ADRs induced by Chinese medicine injections were as follows: the active ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine; poor stability of preparation and the unreasonable preparation process; failing to follow indications in the treatment, drug incompatibility, improper dosage, improper administration and individual differences. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen monitoring in clinical application of Chinese medicine injections. Only through strictly following indications, probing into allergy history before drug use, making sure the quality of the injection is qualified, paying special attention to drug compatibility can the ADRs be greatly reduced or avoided.

The article discusses whether the "Law for Protection of Rights and Interests of Consumers" is applicable to the disposal of medical disputes between doctors and Patienes. From the point of the Principle of exchang of commodities, the relation between doctors and patients is not one of commodity consumption on the basis of exchange at equal value. In terms of the nature of the medical and health cause, hospitals are not operators managing goods. In light of the inherent characteristics of medical service, medical and health work is a special trade of services. In the perspective of law, medical services are no ordinary acts of economically legal relation between doctors and patients,they are rather a special consuming act on the side of consumers and there is a special economically legal relation between doctors and patients. Accordingly, the "Law for Protection of Rights and Interests of Consumers" is not applicable to the diposal of disputes between doctors and patients.

The azygos system was studied on 78 Chinese adult cadavers. The occurrence of the type of coexisted azygos, hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins is 64.10%. The components of hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins are sub- ject to such a large variation that the division of the azygos system into three major trunks is not always practicable since no generally-agreed criterion can be observed. The authors, according to Seib's suggestion! classify the azygos system into three types, that is, the double trunk, the intermediate, and the single trunk types, based on the condition of the interruptions of the hemiazygos. system Intermediate type occurs most frequently and its occurrence is 52.56% in this series.The interruptions of the hemiazygos system and the communications between azygos vein and hemiazygos system are far more numerous in Chinese than in Caucasians. The racial difference of the azygos system between Chinese and Caucasian subjects suggests that the azygos system of the Caucasians more likely belongs to the embryonic type. The middle segment of the azygos vein runs to the left of the midline in adults, and the origin of the azygos system usually connects with the inferior vena cava or the renal vein.The findings mentioned above might arouse the interest or the attention of the clinicians.

This paper is to study the feasibility of app ly ing three-layers support structure(Browser/Server OR Client/Middle Tier/Serve r)to NO.1Military Project.By windows2000's terminal technology and distributed characteristics of ORACLE DBMS,C/S structure(Client/Server)can be turned into th ree-layers structure.The all subsystems of NO.1military project can work smooth ly on the terminals,and then the problems when NO.1Military project operated in C/S structure can be solved,such as the vulnerability,low operation speed and l arge maintenance workload.To set three-layers support structure with terminal te chnology windows2000-based can not only save investment and reduce maintenance workload,but also have important significance for database safety.It has a bri lliant application prospect.

Objective To observe the short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of S-1 combined intrathoracic and intraperitoneal injection for the treatment of aged patients with gastric cancer and with malignant hydrothorax and ascites.Methods The patients were divided into treatment group (A group,22 cases) randomly and control group (B group,24 cases).The two groups underwent intrathoracic and intraperitoneal injection chemotherapy and biological therapy.Drainage tubes were placed in thoracic or abdominal cavity to discharge the effusion,cisplatin 40-60 mg,lentinan 4-6 mg,dexamethasone 10 mg were injected into the chest or abdomen,once per week,administered for 2-4 weeks.S-1 was added to the treatment group,S-1 capsules were administered orally on the first day of serous cavity drug injection,40-60 mg/m2,2 times per day,oral administration after morning and evening meal for 14 days,stop for 7 days,21 days were 1 cycle.The short-term curative effects,clinical quality of life and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results Total effective rate of group A was 77.3 ％,50.0 ％ in B group,the difference of short-term effects of two groups was with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The improvement rates of quality of life (QOL) of group A and group B were 86.4 ％ and 70.1％ respectively,with significant difference in the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The major adverse reactions were gastrointestinal reaction and bone marrow suppression,nausea and vomiting rate in A group was 54.5 ％ (12/22),grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neutropenia was 54.5 ％ (4/22),significantly higher than that in B group,there was significant difference in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).No treatment related death.Conclusion There is curative effect of S-1 combined with cisplatin and lentinan in treatment of the aged patients of gastric carcinoma and malignant hydrothorax and ascites.Gastrointestinal side efforts and bone marrow suppression in treatment group have been observed,but it is tolerable.This scheme can improve the QOL of patients and prolong the survival period.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the local recurrence of CO₂ laser surgery for early glottic cancer and without anterior commissure involvement. METHOD: By searching CBM, CNKI, wanfang, weipu, PubMed, Embase, OVID, and Springer database, the retrospective clinical studies were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta analysis of extracted data was carried out by RevMan 5.0 software. RESULT: By analyzing the 1900 cases from 14 retrospective studies using Meta analysis, it was indicated that local recurrence rate of AC+ group was significantly higher than that of AC- group [OR = 3.00, 95% CI (2.31, 3.89), P < 0.01] for early glottic cancer. Local recurrence rates between AC+ group and AC- group for glottic cancer of Tis and T₁b stage showed no statistically significant difference, while those for glottic cancer of T₁a and T₂ stage showed statistically significant difference. CONCUSION Local recurrence rate of CO₂laser surgery for early glottic cancer was related with anterior commissure involvement.
Carbon Dioxide ; Databases, Factual ; Glottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Laser Therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the impacts of leukoaraiosls (LA) on the short-term outcome of acute cerebral infarction. Methods 204 patients after acute cerebral infarction were reviewed from January 2012 to August 2014. They were divided into 4 groups according to the brain magnetic resonance imaging: cerebral infarction without LA (LA-0), and with LA (LA-1, LA-2 and LA-3). The Logistic regression analysis was applied with the short-term outcome of cerebral infarction as the dependent variable, and 16 possible factor as independent variables. Results There were 4 independent factors risk to the worse outcome of acute cerebral infarction, including LA, age, hypertension and cerebral infarction size (OR>1, P<0.05). Conclusion LA is an independent risk factors to the worse short-term outcome of acute cerebral infarction.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, nano-carriers have been regarded as the most promising technologies for breakthrough the bottleneck of gene transfer. Polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) is a kind of new nanometer material. PAMAM can transfer target gene to the cell with high efficiency and lower toxic both in vivo and in vitro.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antitumour effects of survivin antisense oligonucleotide (Survivin-asODN) carried by PAMAM on colorectal cancer transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vivo experiment regarding tumor gene therapy was performed from February to August in 2008 at the Laboratory of Bionanometer Engineering, Research Institute of Micro/nanometer Science & Technology of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Central Laboratory of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: Human colorectal cancer cells SW620 were from Shanghai Cell Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences.PAMAM dendrimer was offered by the Bionanometer Engineering Laboratory, Research Institute of Micro/nanometer Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Lipofectamine ~(TM)2000 was purchased from Invitrogen, USA. Survivin-asODN was synthesized by Shanghai Bioengineering Company.METHODS: The PAMAM and cation liposome were respectively mixed with Survivin-asODN to generate the transfection complex carrying antisense gene. The shape of the complex was observed by transmission electron microscope, the particle size was determined by laser particle size analysator and the zeta potential was measured by an analytical tool. The encapsulating efficiency and release progress in vitro were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer in centrifuging method. Human colorectal cancer cells SW620 at logarithmic phase were inoculated into the abdominal region of 18 Blab/C nude mice subcutaneously to produce transplanted tumor models in colorectal cancer nude mice, which were randomly divided into 3 groups: liposome, PAMAM and blank control groups. They were injected respectively with Hposome-survivin-asODN complex,PAMAM-survivin-as ODN transfection complex and seroculture liquid. The volumes of tumor were surveyed in the 2 groups.Western blotting method was used to determine the survivin gene expression in the transplanted tumor tissue.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Particle size, zeta potential, gene loading level, encapsulation efficiency, release rate of cationic liposome-survivin-asODN complex and PAMAM-survivin-asODN complex, as well as survivin expression rate and apoptosis rate after transfection, inhibition rate of the transplanted tumor growth, Survivin protein expression and activity in the transplanted tumor cells.RESULTS: The particle size of PAMAM-survivin-asODN complex was smaller (P < 0.01), but the zeta potential was greater (P < 0.05), compared with liposome-survivin-asODN. There was no significant difference between PAMAM and liposome groups in terms of gene loading rate and transfection efficiency. DNA release lasted for 14 days for PAMAM, but only 5 days for liposome.After colorectal cancer cell transfection, survivin protein expression was lower, but apoptosis rate was higher, in the PAMAM-survivin-asODN complex than in the liposome-survivin-asODN complex (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: PAMAM facilitates delivery of Survivin-asODN into transplanted colorectal cancer cells SW620. As a result,survivin protein expression was decreased, and apoptosis rate was increased in vivo which inhibited transplanied tumour growth.

Objective To explore the influence of different dose of Helicobacter pylori on the expression of transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β1) and B7-H1 in the infected gastric mucosal epithelial cell and the bacterial factors which influence the expression of TGF-β1.To confirm that H.pylorican induce the expression of TGF-β1 and B7-H1 to inhibit the host immune function in gastric mucosal epithelial cell.Methods (1) We investigated the expression of TGF-β1 of human gastric mucosal epithelial cells infected with different concentration(1.0 × 109 CFU/ml,4.0 × 109 CFU/ml,8.0 × 109 C FU/ml) of H.pylori(NCTC 11637) in different time-point(0 h,0.5 h,1 h,1.5 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h),and compared with the expression of TGF-β1 between the deactivated H.pylori group and activated H.pylori group.The blank group is the gastric mucosa epithelial cells which does not infect H.pylori.To detect expression of TGF-β1 in infected cell culture supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the expression of B7-H1 mRNA by in situ hybridization.(2)At the same time,the middle concentration of deactivated H.pyloriand in vitro gastric mucosal cells were incubated for 2 h and 12 h,to detect expression of TGF-β1 in the cells and cell culture supernatant.(3)In vitro gastric mucosal cells were incubated with H.pylori bacterial supernatant and sedimentation by ultrasonic crushing and centrifugation and with H.pyloribacterial supernatant and sedimentation after boiling respectively,to detect expression of TGF-β1 in the cells and cell culture supernatant after 2 h,12 h.Results (1)Compared to the control group,the expression of TGF-β1 was significantly increased after stimulation with different concentration of activated H.pylori in different time-point(P ＜0.05).The expression of TGF-β1 secretion group has a similar dynamic trend,and the highest expression is the middle concentration group(P ＜0.05).(2)There was no difference between the middle concentration of deactivated H.pylori group and the same concentration of activated H.pylorigroup(P ＞ 0.05).(3) The expression of TGF-β1 in the H.pylori bacterial supernatant group was significantly increased higher than the blank group and the H.pylori bacterial sedimentation group(P ＜0.05),and the H.pylori bacterial supernatant group after boiling was significantly lower than the H.pylori bacterial supernatant group(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no difference between H.pylori sedimentation group after boiling and not boiling(P ＞ 0.05).The B7-H1 expression of different concentration groups which the H.pylori and gastric mucosal epithelial cells cocultured 12 h are higher than the blank group(P ＜ 0.05) by in situ hybridization,and the middle concentration group is the highest expression.TGF-β1 and B7-H1 mRNA are positively correlated(r,=0.628,P ＜0.01).Conclusion H.pylori can induce the gastric mucosal epithelial cells to express the TGF-β1,the factor was the soluble protein in the H.pylori thalline.At the same time,H.pylorican induce the B7-H1 expression increased.In gastric mucosal epithelial cells,TGF-β1 and B7-H1 mRNA are positively correlated.So H.pylori can inhibit the host immune response and participate the process of immune escape by increased the expressions of TGF-β1 and B7-H1.