1.Antimicrobial wound dressing film utilizing nano-cellulose and gelatin as drug delivery system for Garcinia mangostana L extract
Leong Chean Ring ; Tong Woei Yenn ; Suzana Wahidin ; Wen-Nee Tan ; Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdullah ; Nurul Aisyah Mohd Jamil ; Muhammad Sharir Abdul Rahman
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2019;15(5):373-378
Aims:
Diabetic patients with foot ulcer showed 150-fold increased risk of amputation, which is primarily caused by microbial infection. Silver ions are commonly incorporated into wound dressing to enhance the antimicrobial property. However, concerns have been expressed about the development of bacterial resistance to heavy metals. In this study, we extracted the nano-cellulose from medical cotton and reinforced with gelatin to develop a film for wound dressing.
Methodology and results:
Garcinia mangostana L pericarp extract was incorporated into the nano-cellulose film as antimicrobial finishing. The efficacy of the developed nano-cellulose film was evaluated on diabetic wound microorganisms. We observed cellulose nano crystals with an average length of 133.71 nm under transmission electron microscope. The developed film showed gradual release of the extract over a period of 48 h and no burst effect was observed. The film exhibited significant inhibitory activity on three Gram positive bacteria, three Gram negative and all filamentous fungi tested. On Hohenstein challenge test, all test microorganisms showed significant growth reduction, with the treatment of the film. We also noticed that the antimicrobial activity of the film sustained even after 20 washes.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
Our results indicate that the G. mangostana L pericarp extract loaded nano-cellulose films exhibited significant inhibitory activity on diabetic wound microorganisms. The developed film can be potentially used to prevent foot ulcer infection among diabetic patients.
2.Anthocyanins from Clitoria ternatea Attenuate Food-Borne Penicillium expansum and its Potential Application as Food Biopreservative.
Chean Ring LEONG ; Muhammad Afif KAMARUL AZIZI ; Md Abu TAHER ; Suzana WAHIDIN ; Kok Chang LEE ; Wen Nee TAN ; Woei Yenn TONG
Natural Product Sciences 2017;23(2):125-131
Clitoria ternatea or Commonly known blue pea, is a perennial climber crop native to Asian countries. The current study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity C. ternatea extract on food borne microorganisms and its antifungal effect on Penicillium expansum. The extract showed significant antimicrobial activity against 3 Gram positive bacteria, 2 Gram negative bacteria and 1 filamentous fungus on disc diffusion assay. The extract also showed good biocidal effect on all Gram positive bacteria tested and P. expansum. However, the kill curve analysis revealed that the fungicidal activity of the extract against P. expansum conidia was depend on the concentration of the extract and the time of exposure of the conidia to the extract. The scanning electron micrograph of the extract treated P. expansum culture showed alterations in the morphology of fungal hyphae. The germination of P. expansum conidia was completely inhibited and conidial development was totally suppressed by the extract, suggesting the possible mode of action of anthocyanin. Besides, the extract also exhibited 5.0-log suppression of microbial growth relative to control in the rice model. The results indicate the potential use of the C. ternatea anthocyanin as food biopreservative.
Anthocyanins*
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
;
Clitoria*
;
Diffusion
;
Fungi
;
Germination
;
Gram-Negative Bacteria
;
Gram-Positive Bacteria
;
Humans
;
Hyphae
;
Peas
;
Penicillium*
;
Spores, Fungal
3.Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Efficiency of Swietenia macrophylla Seed Extract on Clinical Wound Pathogens
Hanan Kumar GOPALAN ; Nor Faizzah MD HANAFIAH ; Leong CHEAN RING ; Wen Nee TAN ; Suzana WAHIDIN ; Teo Siew HWAY ; Tong Woei YENN
Natural Product Sciences 2019;25(1):38-43
Microbial wound infection prolonged the hospitalization and increase the cost for wound management. Silver is commonly used as antimicrobial wound dressing. However, it causes several adverse side effects. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of Swietenia macrophylla seed extract on clinical wound pathogens. Besides, the bioactive constituents of the seed extract were also determined. S. macrophylla seeds were extracted with methanol by maceration method. The seed extract inhibited 5 test bacteria and 1 yeast on disc diffusion assay. The antibacterial activity was broad spectrum, as the extract inhibited both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. On kill curve analysis, the antibacterial activity of the seed extract was concentration-dependent, the increase of extract concentration resulted in more reduction of bacterial growth. The extract also caused 99.9% growth reduction of Bacillus subtilis relative to control. A total of 21 compounds were detected in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The predominant compounds present in the extract were oleic acid (18.56%) and linoleic acid (17.72%). In conclusion, the methanolic extract of S. macrophylla seeds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity on clinical wound pathogens. Further investigations should be conducted to purify other bioactive compounds from the seeds of S. macrophylla.
Bacillus subtilis
;
Bacteria
;
Bandages
;
Diffusion
;
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
;
Gram-Negative Bacteria
;
Hospitalization
;
Linoleic Acid
;
Meliaceae
;
Methanol
;
Methods
;
Oleic Acid
;
Silver
;
Wound Infection
;
Wounds and Injuries
;
Yeasts
4.Carvacrol-loaded polyvinyl alcohol/montmorillonite clay nanocomposite (PVA/MONT/Carva) as an antimicrobial agent for wound dressing
Nur Rifqah Attifah Rosman ; Woei Yenn Tong ; Syarifah Ab Rashid ; Nor Adilah Norodin ; Suzana Wahidin ; Wen Nee Tan ; Chean Ring Leong
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2021;17(4):352-360
Aims:
This research was conducted to develop and characterize polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/montmorillonite (MONT) clay
incorporated with carvacrol (Carva) nanocomposite film as a potential material in wound dressing.
Methodology and results:
Organophilic MONT clay, which was initially modified from commercial MONT clay by
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was used in the polymerization process using PVA. The synthesized
nanocomposites were visualized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The developed film (PVA/MONT/Carva
nanocomposite film) was characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The investigation on mechanical property
and antimicrobial activity of the film was also performed. All nanocomposites are spherical, with a size of 92.8 ± 22.1 nm.
The -OH stretch, C-H stretch, aromatic group, SiO stretch, and C-O from acetyl group were identified in the
PVA/MONT/Carva nanocomposite films. During the chemical release test, carvacrol attained a plateau at 24 h, with a
total release of 62.3%. This nanocomposite exhibited a severe detrimental influence on the growth of Gram-bacteria and
yeasts, which represented a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents. All test microorganisms showed approximately up
to 82% reduction of microbial growth during the Hohenstein challenge test. Physically, the nanocomposite films were
yellowish and apparent. The film was sturdy, flexible, elastic and consisted of excellent water holding capacity.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
PVA/MONT/Carva nanocomposite film may have a useful potential to
be merged in the pharmaceutical application, especially in wound dressing production.
Polyvinyl Alcohol
;
Bentonite
;
Wound Healing
5.Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi residing in Aloe vera against diabetic wound pathogens
Md Abu Taher ; Tong Woei Yenn ; Leong Chean Ring ; Suzana Wahidin ; Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor ; Syarifah Ab Rashid ; Tan Wen-Nee
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 2020;16(6):519-529
Aims:
Endophytic fungi are organisms that colonize living plant tissues without causing significant symptoms of
diseases. They are known as the repository of bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to isolate endophytic fungi
associated with Aloe vera and to assess their antimicrobial activity against the diabetic wound pathogens that result to
lower limb amputations.
Methodology and results:
In this study, 84 endophytic fungi were isolated from A. vera by using 5% sodium
hypochlorite and 70% ethanol as surface sterilants. On preliminary antimicrobial screening by agar plug assay, 12
(14.3%) isolates showed significant antagonistic activity on the test microorganisms. Two of the endophytes were
identified as Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through morphological and molecular techniques.
The fungal cultures fermented in shake flask were extracted subsequently with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate,
and n-butanol. Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides inhibited all test bacteria.
The compounds in the extracts were seemed to be semi-polar in nature. On broth microdilution assay, minimal inhibitory
and minimal lethality concentration of ethyl acetate extracts of the fungi were found in the range of 0.63−2.50 and
1.25−5.00 mg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study
This study reveals that A. vera harbours a wide diversity of endophytic
fungi. A. flavus and C. gloeosporioides showing broad spectrum antimicrobial activity on wound pathogens may be
potential sources of bioactive compounds. Further investigations should be conducted to isolate and identify the
antimicrobial compound produced by these fungal isolates.
Endophytes--isolation &
;
purification
;
Aloe