The holistic nursing care which central is “nursing procedure” require nurse to find the health problems of patients and solve them.But in professional nursing,it is urgent and generates that how to master and give correctly nursing diagnosis.In this article,we sum up and analysis 542 cases of the nursing diagnosis about 175 stroke patients.Then give the trend of centralized distribution and limitation about diagnosis.After it,we give the way to solve them.

Objective To explore the impact of sulfentanyl on sufentanil epidural block during abdominal panhysterectomy. Methods 90 patients scheduled for panhysterectomy were randomly divided into three groups. Tthe control group received epidural administration of 1% ropivacaine of 0.2 mL/kg after 2% idocaine of 3 mL , while the study group 1 received 10μg sufentanil and the study group 2 received 20μg sufentanil in addition to the medications used in the control group. The anesthetic effect, changes in vital signs, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results In group S1 and group S2, the onset of epidural anesthesia was faster , time to the highest plane of sensory blockade and time to degree 3 in the Bromag scores were faster , duration of sensory blockade was longer , and OAA/S score was better , as compared with group D , with significant statistical significances (P<0.01);and the effect was better in group S2 than in group S1. There was no difference among the three groups in adverse reactions. MAP , HR and SPO2 were lower in groups S1 and S2 than in group D during the procedure, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Proper dose of sufentanil plays a positive role in ropivacaine epidural block during panhysterectomy , not only increases the onset of anesthesia, but also makes the anesthestic effect better, and has higher safety It is worth popularizing clinically.

Obejective To explore the effect of combined use of dexmedetomidine and ultra-low dose naloxone on postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil. Method 80 ASA gradeⅠ-Ⅱ female patients who were scheduled to perform endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were randomly divided into four groups: purely remifentanil group (group R) and remifentanil plus different dosage dexmedetomidine and ultra-low dose naloxone group (group RDN1 ~ RDN3). Then the postoperative VAS on 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h together with the firstpostoperative pain time , PCA press numbers , fentanyl usage and adverse reaction rate were recorded and evaluated. Results Average VAS of group R are higher than other groups in all 7 time points at the adjusted significant level of 0.0083, and group R > group RDN1 > group RDN2 > group RDN3, while differences between group RDN2 and RDN3 in all time points are not statistical significant.There is no difference between group RDN1 and group RDN2 inthe first postoperative pain time and the PCA press time at 1h after operation. Difference between group RDN2 and group RDN3 in the PCA press time at 24 h after operation was not significant, and the fentanyl usage of RDN groups are significantly less than group R. Conclusions Combined use of dexmedetomidine and ultra-low dose naloxone induced by remifentanil can improving patients′postoperative hyperalgesia , effect increase with the dose of dexmedetomidine increas , and the increasement is more sensitive in acute pain.

A pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus strain was isolated from a pig farm in Korea in December 2009. The strain was propagated in and isolated from both the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line and embryonated eggs. The partial and complete sequences of the strain were identical to those of A/California/04/2009, with >99% sequence similarity in the HA, NA, M, NS, NP, PA, PB1, and PB2 genes. The isolated strain was inactivated and used to prepare a swine influenza vaccine. This trial vaccine, containing the new isolate that has high sequence similarity with the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, resulted in seroconversion in Guinea pigs and piglets. This strain could therefore be a potential vaccine candidate for swine influenza control in commercial farms.
Agriculture ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Eggs ; Guinea Pigs ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human* ; Kidney ; Korea* ; Orthomyxoviridae* ; Ovum ; Pandemics* ; Seroconversion ; Swine

Objective To study the association between reasons for smoking and results related to successful smoking cessation. Methods A community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 male adults recognized as successful spontaneous smoking quitters being the subject cases while another 700 male adults who had failed to quit smoking were served as the controls. Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire(RRSQ)was used to investigate the reasons for smoking. Dominance logistic regression was performed to determine the relative importance of reasons for starting smoking and the endpoint of successful quit smoking. Results After adjusting the potential confounders of age,age of smoking initiation,marital status,profession,and education,the adjusted means of sedative and stimulation of RRSQ in the successful quitters were significant lower than that in the failed quitters. Results from the dominance logistic regression showed that the first two important factors for smoking cessation were sedative and stimulation of RRSQ,followed by psychological image,automatic,hand-mouth activity,indulgence,and addiction. Conclusion This study demonstrated that factors as dependence-addiction showed more important impacts than the social-psychological ones on the endpoint of successful smoking cessation.

Sixteen genomic DNA simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of Lentinula edodes were developed from 205 SSR motifs present in 46.1-Mb long L. edodes genome sequences. The number of alleles ranged from 3–14 and the major allele frequency was distributed from 0.17–0.96. The values of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00–0.76 and 0.07–0.90, respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.07–0.89. A dendrogram, based on 16 SSR markers clustered by the paired hierarchical clustering' method, showed that 33 shiitake cultivars could be divided into three major groups and successfully identified. These SSR markers will contribute to the efficient breeding of this species by providing diversity in shiitake varieties. Furthermore, the genomic information covered by the markers can provide a valuable resource for genetic linkage map construction, molecular mapping, and marker-assisted selection in the shiitake mushroom.
Alleles ; Breeding ; DNA* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Lentinula* ; Methods ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Shiitake Mushrooms*

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between social support and successful smoking cessation outcomes in males from rural areas.

METHODSA community-based case-control study was conducted with 642 adult male cases who appeared to be successful spontaneous smoking quitters as cases, together with other 700 adult males who failed quitting smoking to serve, as controls. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to assess the individual social support. Multiple linear method was used to evaluate the relationship between social support and the outcome of successful cessation in smoking.

RESULTSAfter adjusting the potential confounders as age, education, marital status, profession, age of initial smoking and number of pack-years on smoking, the adjusted mean of subjective social support in successful quitters was significant lower than that in the failed ones (P<0.001). The differences of adjusted means between objective social support and its utility were not statistically different in the two groups among the population who recognized that cigarettes should always be provided when people interact with each other (P=0.124; P=0.763). However, the adjusted means of social support and the related three dimensions did not show significant differences in the two groups among the population in disapproval of the above said social norms (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONData from our research indicated that social support would negatively affect the successful spontaneous cessation of smoking among people under unhealthy smoking culture.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population ; Smoking ; psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Smoking Prevention ; Social Support

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between smoking abstinence self- efficacy (SASE) and age.

METHODSA cross-sectional questionnaire survey in form of face-to-face interview was performed. The SASE level was assessed by using the Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Univariate two-degree fractional polynomials (FPs) regression model was used to explore the relationship between SASE and age after adjusting of potential confounders: marital status, occupation and education.

RESULTSThe relationship between SASE and age showed a U-shaped curve with the nadir at 60 years old.

CONCLUSIONThe distribution of SASE is not consistent among age groups; middle aged person has lower level of SASE than both the younger and the elder.

Age Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Self Efficacy ; Smoking Cessation ; psychology ; Smoking Prevention ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo estimate the mediating effect of smoking abstinence self-efficacy (SASE) on the association between awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation.

METHODSA community-based case-control study was conducted in 642 smokers who successfully stopped smoking, and 700 smokers who failed in smoking cessation were used as controls. The awareness of smoking hazard was evaluated by total score of 12 items. The SASE was assessed by using Smoking Abstinence Self-Efficacy (ASES-S). The total effect was classified as direct effect and indirect effect through logistic regression analysis based on the KHB method.

RESULTSAfter adjusting the potential confounders, including age, age of smoking initiation, occupation, educational level and marital status, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.03% among the total effect of awareness of smoking hazard in those who successfully stopped smoking while the direct effect accounted for 93.97% among the total effect. In the three specific situation of SASE, the mediating effect of SASE accounted for 6.80% (positive/social situations), 3.08% (negative/affective situations) and 2.32% (habit/addictive situations) among the total effect, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSASE has part mediating effect to influence on the association between the awareness of smoking hazard and successful smoking cessation. Improving smokers' awareness of smoking hazard may not only promote successful smoking cessation directly, but also contribute to quit smoking through improving the score of SASE.

Case-Control Studies ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Self Efficacy ; Smoking ; psychology ; Smoking Cessation ; psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a high global morbidity and mortality and a severe disease burden, yet progress in treatment and prevention has been slow in recent decades. Early COPD has few symptoms and is severely underdiagnosed and undertreated; it is crucial to search for effective clues of early COPD and provide management interventions. By reviewing the definition, risk factors, diagnosis and management interventions, this study explores the disease evolution of early-stage COPD, which can help clinical practice to develop more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for stopping or slowing down the natural progression of the disease, improving the long-term prognosis, and reducing the disease burden.
Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors