The combination of chemotherapy,radiotherapy and surgery is the current main strategy for esophageal cancer,and chemotherapy plays a vital role in terms of prolongation of survival and quality of life.The development of new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of esophageal cancer has been given much attention in the past.This review summarized the effi cacy and safety of new agents based on clinical evidence and the roles of those agents in the multidisciplinary treatment of esophageal cancer.It also included the progress of molecular targeting therapy for the disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of over-expressed macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human cervical carcinoma SiHa cells.Methods Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid liposome enhanced transfection of green fluorescent protein gene (pEGFP-N1)-MIF was constructed and then transfected into human cervical cancer SiHa cells.Experimental cells were classified into three groups (SiHa-pEGFP-N1-MIF,SiHa-pEGFP-N1,and SiHa).Western blot was used to detect the expression of MIF protein,and the expressions of EMT-related markers such as E-cadherin and vimentin in SiHa cells were determined before and after transfection.Results The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MIF significantly increased the expression of MIF protein in SiHa cells (P ＜ 0.05),and after overexpression of MIF gene in SiHa cells,the expression of E-cadherin protein in SiHa-pEGFP-N1-MIF group was significantly lower than that in control groups (P ＜0.05),while the expression of vimentin in SiHa-pEGFP-N1-MIF group was significantly higher than that in control groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Overexpression of MIF in cervical cancer SiHa cells can promote the EMT occurrence.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of training management applying character color theory in patients with peritoneal dialysis on the compliance and dialysis effect. Methods Of 95 patients undergoing catherization for peritoneal dialysis from January 2013 to May 2014 in the peritoneal dialysis center,72 patients accepted character color psychological questionnaire designed by Le Jia for character color analysis.72 patients were divided into matched control group and experimental group according to their choice with red, yellow, blue, green character color, 36 cases in each group. The control group adopted the traditional training way of accepting 7 days′training course teached by the professional nursers,one follow- up management each month. According to the difference of character color,the experimental group were given different education training courses, interactive learning, and follow- up time. After 6 months′follow- up, the two groups adopted peritoneal dialysis self management behavior questionnaire designed by Liu Pengfeng and self- efficacy scale designed by education research center for chronic disease in Amercian Stanford University. The score of self management ability and self- efficacy and the change of load capacity, blood pressure, dialysis adequacy and biochemical indicators of the two groups were analyzed. Results In the control group and experimental group,the score of self management ability and self- efficacy and the level of dialysis adequacy were statistically significant, respectively, (5.64±1.57) points vs. (6.75±1.32) points;(5.22±1.48) points vs. (6.69±1.43) points; 1.64±1.64 vs 1.85±0.13.Z and P values were respectively -2.969, -3.828, -6.361, and 0.003, 0.000, 0.000.Edema happened in the control group was 24 cases, and 11 cases in the experimental group. P and χ2 values were 0.013 and 10.017.Systolic blood pressure and di-astolic blood pressure were respectively (147.78±15.69) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs.(135.39±9.01) mmHg,(95.86±7.50) mmHg vs. (83.94±7.46) mmHg in the two groups. Z and P values were respectively -3.843, -5.666, and 0.000, 0.000.There was significant difference between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion The education and training applying character color feature in patients with peri-toneal dialysis can mobilize the initiative of self management, improve the patients' self- care competency and self-efficacy, enhance patients′compliance, that can improve the effect of peritoneal dialysis.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of human gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice with different expressions of growth hormone receptor (GHR). Methods Immunocytochemical method was used to pick out one GHR-positive and one GHR-negative cell line. Then the cells were subcutaneously injected into 24 nude mice separately. The nude mice bearing two different kinds of human gastric caicinoma were equalges of body weight and tumor volume of nude mice were recorded. Serum concentrations of VEGF in peripheral blood were analyzed by ELISA. VEGF protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results We chose SGC-7901 as GHR positive group, and MKN-45 as the negative one. For nude mice bearing GHR + SGC-7901 xenografts, the tumor volumes were significantly larger in rhGH groups than in control group (P ＜ 0.05), and the high-dose rhGH group revealed greater effect (P ＜ 0. 05).Body weights were not significantly different among three groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Serum VEGF concentration was (252.94 ± 15.32) ng/L in the high-dose rhGH group, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(49.94 ± 5.73) ng/L] and low-dose rhGH group [(167.60 ± 9.54) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05). Moderate positive staining with VEGF was observed in the control group, while VEGF staining was strong in rhGH administration groups. The relative expression of VEGF mRNA for the high-dose rhGH group was 0. 6470 ± 0. 0447, which was significantly higher than that in control group (0. 3230 ± 0. 0258)and low-dose rhGH group (0. 412 ± 0. 0351)(P ＜ 0.05). While for nude mice bearing GHR-MKN-45 xenografts, the body weights of the rhGH-administrated groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05), while tumor growth, serum VEGF concentration, and the expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in tumor tissue were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions rhGH can promote tumor growth and increase the expression of VEGF in the GHR-highly-expressed SGC-7901 xenograft tumor model. However, such effects do not exist in GHR-negatively-expressed MKN-45 xenograft tumor model. The existence of GHR may be a key target where rhGH influences the secretion of VEGF.

Objective Using the contents of naphthaquinine and shikonin as the indices,the influences of ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction on the active constituents in Arnebia euchroma(Royle)Johnst.were studied.Methods An orthogonal design was applied.Naphthaquinine content was determined by spectrophotometry and shikonin content by HPLC.The extraction rate of the two extracting methods was compared to optimize the process condition.Results By using the two extracting methods,particle size had an obvious effect on the extraction rate of naphthaquinine(the bigger particle,the higher extraction rate),but had no effect on the extraction rate of shikonin;the solvent of ethanol showed different effects on the extraction rate of active constituents by using the two extraction methods,the extraction rate being higher by ultrasonic extraction while lower by soxhlet extraction.Conclusion Ultrasonic extraction is efficient,and with energy and time saving in extracting active constituents of Arnebia euchroma(Royle)Johnst.,which is superior to soxhlet extraction.

ObjectiveTo prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasoundguided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS-CPN) in the management of pain caused by pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsPatients with confirmed un-resectable pancreatic malignancy were treated with EUS-CPN once or twice.The data including age,gender,pain duration,opioid consumption,tumor location,pain scores before and after the procedure,number of treatment,duration of pain relief and survival time were collected.ResultsA total of 27 cases with cancerous abdominal pain were recruited.The median pain scores were significantly lower after EUS-CPN,and pain relief was obtained in 81.5％ (95％ CI,66.8％ -96.1％ ) patients with a median duration of 56.0 days (95％ CI,17.1-94.9),whose confidence interval was comparable to that of survival time (97.0 days,95 ％ CI,82.7-111.3 ).No clinical factors could predict post-procedure duration of pain relief (x2 =6.757,P =0.239).Procedure-related transient diarrhea and fever were noted only in 1 patient.No major complications occurred.ConclusionEUS-guided CPN is safe and effective in alleviating abdominal pain associated with pancreatic cancer,even at the late stage.Moreover,no clinical factor could predict post-procedure degree or duration of pain relief.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; instrumentation

Objective:This study aimed to compare rectal cancer tumor volume parameters measured by MRI sequences (T1WI, T2WI, and DWI) and/or CT with those by pathological specimen. Methods:Twenty-two patients with rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled. MRI sequences including T1WI, T2WI, and DWI, and/or CT of the pelvis were performed before operation. Volume parameters, such as tumor length along the rectal axis, maximum tumor width perpendicular to rectal axis, and tumor actual area in that perpendicular plane, were measured on T1WI, T2WI, DWI, and CT, respectively, for each patient. The respective pathological parameters were further measured in surgical specimen after total mesorectal excision. The two kinds of parameter values measured in imaging and pathology were statistically compared and accuracy appraisal was performed. Results:The mean Lpath-L was 4.06±1.14 cm. The mean LT1-L, LT2-L, LDWI-L, and LCT-L were 3.91± 1.51, 4.62±1.41, 3.39±1.05, and 3.94±1.23 cm, respectively. Correlation coefficients were 0.688, 0.635, 0.688, and 0.720 (P<0.05). An average 6 mm overestimation was found in T2WI, and 1 to 6 mm underestimation in T1WI, DWI, and CT in length values compared with those measured in surgical specimen. The mean Lpath-W was 2.56 ±0.94 cm. The mean LT1-W, LT2-W, LDWI-W, and LCT-W were 3.62±0.99, 3.66±0.76, 3.23±0.58, and 3.64±1.04 cm, respectively. The magnitude of mean overestimation ranged from 5.1 to 11.1 mm. The Apath was 4.30 ±2.83 cm2. AT1, AT2, ADWI, and ACT were 8.98±3.90, 8.99±3.43, 8.41±3.09, and 9.63±4.40 cm2, respectively, which double overestimated the tumor area in the perpendicular rectal plane. Conclusion:The difference in longitudinal length between MRI sequences/CT and pathological specimen was in the range of?6 mm to 6 mm. The mean maximum tumor width and areas in the maximum tumor perpendicular plane were overestimated. This study indicated that gross tumor volume delineation based on CT or MRI for rectal cancer irradiation should be conservative in the axial images of rectum, and meticulous consideration is required along the rectum.

Objective:To investigate the effects of iron metabolism and oxidative stress level on blood glucose control during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A total of 139 pregnant women who received prenatal examination between January 2020 and June 2021 in Wenzhou Central Hospital were included in this study. They were divided into GDM group ( n = 68) and control group ( n = 71) according to oral glucose tolerance test results at 24-48 weeks of gestation. Clinical data were collected. Iron metabolism, oxidative stress and blood glucose levels were measured. The relationships between iron metabolism and oxidative stress levels and blood glucose control in GDM were analyzed. Results:There was no significant difference in age between the GDM and control groups ( P > 0.05). Body mass index, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferritin (SF), serum iron, transferrin (TRF) and insulin resistance index (IRI) in the GDM group were (24.11 ± 3.05) kg/m 2, (4.92 ± 0.67) mmol/L, (10.56 ± 2.21) pmol/mL, (6.15 ± 0.62)%, (20.50 ± 1.72) μg/L, (20.34 ± 2.92) μmol/L, (70.77 ± 7.01) μg/L, (30.18 ± 4.25) μmol/L, (3.93 ± 0.69) g/L and (2.50 ± 1.03), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(21.41 ± 2.86) kg/m 2, (4.69 ± 0.62) mmol/L, (5.76 ± 2.09) pmol/mL, (5.37 ± 0.58)%, (15.43 ± 1.55) μg/L, (12.93 ± 2.17) μmol/L, (42.53 ± 8.86) μg/L, (18.81 ± 3.85) μmol/L, (2.89 ± 0.53) g/L and (1.74 ± 0.89)] ( t = 5.39, 2.10, 13.16, 7.66, 18.27, 17.03, 20.78, 16.54, 9.99, 4.66, all P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and insulin sensitivity index in the GDM group were (21.49 ± 3.52) U/L, (10.87 ± 1.34) kU/L and (3.28 ± 0.46), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(26.28 ± 3.95) U/L, (13.28 ± 1.52) kU/L, (3.86 ± 0.53), t = 7.54, 9.90, 6.88, all P < 0.05]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SOD, TAOC, NF-κB, MDA, SF and TRF were independent influential factors of GDM occurrence [ OR (95% CI) = 1.57 (1.09-2.26), 3.15 (1.71-5.80), 2.18 (1.32-3.61), 3.27 (1.58-6.76), 2.12 (1.29-3.50), 1.23 (0.99-1.53), 3.65 (1.89-7.04), all P < 0.05]. SOD and TAOC levels were negatively correlated with IRI ( r = -0.75, -0.84, both P < 0.05), while NF-κB, MDA, SF, serum iron and TRF were positively correlated with IRI ( r = 0.93, 0.96, 0.98, 0.07, 0.92, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Increased levels of iron metabolism and oxidative stress are risk factors for the occurrence of GDM, and they are closely related to the degree of insulin resistance. GDM screening should be carried out in advance in pregnant women with increased levels of iron metabolism and oxidative stress indicators, which plays a positive role in clinical diagnosis and treatment of GDM.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for ventricular aneurysm formation in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: Our research included 2 groups of AMI patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
in our hospital from 2012-04 to 2014-07 as Ventricular aneurysm group,n=146 and Control group,n=142, in which the AMI patients without ventricular aneurysm formation. The baseline condition with aneurysm related risk factors were analyzed and compared between 2 groups including age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, smoking, family history, MI history, anterior myocardial wall infarction, angina pectoris, left main (LM) disease, the lesion at proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery, NYHA classiifcation III/IV, chest pain time ≥ 24 hours and ST-segment elevation ≥ 4 adjacent leads in ECG.
Results: Compared with Control group, the patients in Ventricular aneurysm group had the elder age (OR=1.023, 95% CI 1.000-1.046), higher incidence rates of smoking (OR=1.819, 95% CI 1.130-2.928) and anterior MI (OR=9.162, 95% CI 4.657-18.028), more patients with ≥ 4 adjacent ST-segment elevation (OR=6.571, 95% CI 2.426-17.798), while less patients with angina pectoris (OR=0.557, 95% CI 0.335-0.927, allP<0.05. With adjusted relating factors of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes and angina pectoris, the multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking (regression coefifcient: 0.833, OR=2.301, 95% CI 1.283-4.125), anterior MI (regression coefifcient: 1.799, OR=6.041, 95% CI 2.831-12.894) were positively related to ventricular aneurysm formation.
Conclusion: Smoking and anterior MI were strongly related to ventricular aneurysm formation in patients after AMI.