The esophagus carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in China. The therapy modes for esopha-gus carcinoma include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Platinum-based combined chemotherapy has always been used in the treatment for esophagus carcinoma. In this article, we reviewed the application of platinum-based chemo-therapy in esophageal cancer in recent years. The efficacy of cisplatin in treating esophageal cancer has been proved. Cis-platin is used in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, concurrent chemo-radiotherapy and salvage chemo-therapy for esophageal cancer. Combined chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin is regarded as the stan-dard regimen for esophageal cancer in concurrent chemoradiotherapy and salvage chemotherapy. Compared with cisplat-in, carboplatin causes lower rate of nephrotoxicity, reactions in the digestive tract and ototoxicity. But carboplatin does not have better effect. Patients with esopohageal adenocarcinoma show good clinical response to oxaliplatin and relatively sat-isfactory median survival. The rate of nephrotoxicity and reactions of digestive tract caused by cisplatin is lower. Oxaliplatin can lead to serious neurotoxicity. The therapeutic efficacy of nedaplatin is as good as that of cisplatin. Nedaplatin is used in concurrent chemoradiotherapy and salvage chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Compared with cispla-tin, nedaplatin can result in myelosuppression. Further research is warranted to explore whether nedaplatin can take place of cisplatin as the standard regimen. Lobaplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and leucovorin (CF) is effective and well tolerated for advanced esophagus carcinoma. The major toxicities noted are reversible bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal tract reaction.

Objective To observe the changes of mechanical pain thresholds and autophagy related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1 also known as p62) expression levels in the C57BL/6 mouse models of chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS),and provide animal experimental evidence for CP/CPPS pain and autophagy study.Methods 36 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the model group,control group and na(i)ve group.The CP/CPPS model was established by subcutaneous injection in the lower abdomen region with suspension liquid,containing protein extract of male SD rat prostate gland and complete Freund adjuvant.At 1month and 6 months after modeling,the mice were sacrificed and prostate tissues were harvested for histological examination using HE staining.Mechanical tactile hyperalgesia was measured with von Frey filaments.The autophagy-related proteins LC3 and p62 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry,respectively.The average IOD was measured by Image Pro Plus 6.0,and the statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 5 software.Results The histopathology showed the appearance of chronic prostatitis in the model group,representing hyperplasia and lymphocytic infiltration to a different degree and lasted for 6 months after modeling.Moreover,prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) appeared in the model group at 6 months after modeling,characterized by the disappearence of basement membrane and obvious nuclear abnormality,while the control and na(i)ve groups showed normal histology during the 1-6 months.Compared with the control and na(i)ve groups,the mechanical pain threshold in the model group was significantly decreased along with the time from (0.353±0.154) g at 0 week to (0.008±0.00) g at 22 weeks (P<0.05).The average IOD of LC3 and p62 expression in the model group was significantly increased with timing from [(2.767±0.464)%,(2.872±1.642)%] at 1month to [(13.501±1.900)%,(9.07±0.49)%] at 6 month,P<0.05.Conclusions A CP/CPPS model is successfully established in C57BL/6 mice.For the model group,the mechanical pain threshold is decreased and autophagy levels are increased gradually with time.These phenomena show that chronic inflammation microenvironment may promote pain and autophagy activity in the prostate,which is closely related with the occurrence and development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

BACKGROUND:Tropomyosin 4 level has been found to be an increase in the spinal cord based on the 2-DE/MALDI-TOF/MS method. However, there is little report about the relationship between tropomyosin 4 and pathogenesis and progress of spinal cord injuries.
METHODS/DESIGN:Randomized control ed trial:rat models of complete spinal cord transection were made and expression levels of tropomyosin 4 at 3-28 days after modeling were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis, animo acid serie analysis, quantitative PCR and western blot. Experiment for exporing the genetic mechanism:effects of tropomyosin 4 scilencing by lentivirus recomnination technology on the dendrite length of spinal cord neurons in vitro were observed, and its effects on the neurological function of rats after complete spinal cord transaction were assessed through Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring.
DISCUSSION:This study wil be powered to provide a novel and effective treatment strategy for neurological function recovery after spinal cord transection based on the lentivirus recomnination carrying tropomyosin 4, as wel as optimistic future for clinical gene treatment of complete spinal cord transaction through figuring out the underlying mechanism.
ETHICAL APPROVAL:This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kunming Medical University, China. The surgical operation and postoperative care of rats were in line with the rules of Chinese Experimental Animal Protection and Ethics Committee, and the guideline of the National Institutes of Health

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway and on the growth of human colon cancer cells at different growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression status.MethodsLOVO and HCT-8 cell lines were selected after the colon cancer cells were screened using flow cytometry according to the GHR expression status.The growth of human colon cancer cells after intervention with rhGH was detected by MTT assay.The proliferation index ( PI),cell cycle,and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway proteins was detected by Western blot.ResultsHCT-8 cell line showed positive GHR expression (59.6％),and LOVO cell showed negative GHR expression (3.5％).The growth rate of HCT-8 cells increased after rhGH treatment.Compared with the untreated HCT-8 cells,the rhGH-treated HCT-8 cells showed reduced apoptosis,elevated PI,and increased G2/Mphase cells ( P =0.0073).Western blot revealed that rhGH up-regulated the proteins of pJAK2,pSTAT3,VEGF,Cyclin D1,and Bcl-xL in HCT-8 cells.In contrast,no such changes were observed in LOVO cells treated with rhGH.ConclusionsrhGH may promote the growth of HCT-8,the cell line of high GHR expression,and up-regulate the expression of a number of key nodes in JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.However,rhGH may not affect LOVO,the cell line of low GHR expression.

Objective:To analyze the impact of gender on prognosis in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy.Methods:The data of 1 796 patients with HCC who underwent liver resection at the Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 1 548 males and 248 females, the average age were 49.6 years. Patients were followed up for recurrence and survival. After propensity score matching, the postoperative survival rates of male and female patients were compared. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze independent factors affecting prognosis of patients with HCC after hepatectomy. The age and menopause were analyzed by subgroup analyses.Results:The 1-, 3- and 5-years cumulative overall and recurrence-free survival rates of male patients were significantly lower than that of female patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that female was an independent protective factor affecting postoperative recurrence ( HR=0.777, 95% CI: 0.615-0.982) and overall survival ( HR=0.669, 95% CI: 0.520-0.856). Using a cut-off value of 50 years old, the patients were divided into <50 years old ( n=915) and ≥50 years old ( n=881). In patients who were less than 50 years old, the 1-, 3- and 5-years cumulative overall and recurrence-free survival rates of male patients were significantly lower than those of female patients (all P<0.05). In patients ≥50 years old, there were no significant difference in the cumulative overall and recurrence-free survival rates between male and female patients (all P>0.05). Female patients were then divided into the postmenopausal group ( n=152) and the premenopausal group ( n=96). There were no significant differences in the cumulative overall and cumulative recurrence-free survival rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The prognosis of female patients with HCC after hepatectomy was significantly better than that of male patients.