ObjectiveTo investigate the early screening; treatment and care methods of the retinopathy (ROP) of preterm children. Methods210 premature children born in our hospital were selected to conduct eye screening,treatment and care from January to December 2009.The nursing key points were summarized. ResultsAmong 210 preterm children,15 cases occurred ROP,the rate was 7.1％.Lesions appeared to be the threshold for laser treatment in 8 patients(16 eyes),accounting for 3.8％.The ROP morbidity rate was higher in birth weight ≤ 1000 g group than that in birth weight ＞ 1000 g group,higher in gestational age ≤32-week group than that in gestational age＞ 32 weeks,higher in the inhalation oxygen concentration ≤ 96％ group than in inhalation oxygen concentration ＞ 96％ group.Significant difference existed in ROP and non-ROP preterm children. ConclusionsThe incidence of retinopathy of premature children was closely related with low gestational age,low birth weight and prolonged and high-concentration oxygen inhalation,timely screening and early intervention care should be given to them.