Introduction: In areas where intraoperative radiography facilities are not available, open reduction is an acceptable treatment option for fracture treatment. The aim of this investigation was to compare the outcomes of closed reduction to open reduction with cross pinning fixation in Gartland Type III supracondylar humeral fracture extensions. Methods: In this retrospective study, closed reduction with cross pinning fixation was performed in 7 patients with closed fractures, and open reduction with cross
Orthopaedic

Background: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is a peripheral nerve injury that results in severe functional impairment and disability. Even after prompt treatment, predicting the prognosis of BPI is not easy as it involves various factors. An objective and valid scoring system would aid clinicians in informing families and anticipating problems related to the recovery of BPI. Prognosis BPI (PRO-BPI) score, a new prognostic score to predict the outcome of traumatic BPI (TBPI), was developed in 2019 by Suroto and Rahman. This study aimed to evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis was conducted for 111 BPI patients. A serial assessment of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and PRO-BPI score was done. Validity analysis was done by assessing Spearman correlations between PRO-BPI score and other scoring systems (DASH, Michigan hand outcomes, and 36-item short form survey score [SF-36]). Internal structure consistency using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability were measured for reliability analyses. A p-value was considered significant if < 0.05. Results: A total of 96 male and 15 female patients were included in our study with a mean age of 27.9 ± 10.6 years. Most of the patients (56.75%) had a poor prognosis based on the scoring system (average, 14.38 ± 3.98). Major contributors of this low score were the persistent pain (score 1 in 57.7% patients) and initial pain scale score (score 1 in 31.5% patients). Validity test showed that 6 parameters were all valid (p < 0.01). Reliability testing was done using Cronbach’s alpha and found acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.767). Test-retest reliability was high. Moderate correlations were observed between the measures. Conclusions PRO-BPI score is a valid and reliable scoring system in predicting the prognosis of TBPI.

Background: Globally, spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a big burden, including 90% suffering permanent disability, and 60%–69% experiencing neuropathic pain. The main causes are oxidative stress, inflammation, and degeneration. The efficacy of the stem cell secretome is promising, but the role of human neural stem cell (HNSC)-secretome in neuropathic pain is unclear. This study evaluated how the mechanism of HNSC-secretome improves neuropathic pain and locomotor function in SCI rat models through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities. Methods: A proper experimental study investigated 15 Rattus norvegicus divided into normal, control, and treatment groups (30 µL HNSC-secretome, intrathecal in the level of T10, three days post-traumatic SCI). Twentyeight days post-injury, specimens were collected, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, F2-Isoprostanes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed. Locomotor recovery was evaluated via Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores. Neuropathic pain was evaluated using the Rat Grimace Scale. Results: The HNSC-secretome could improve locomotor recovery and neuropathic pain, decrease F2-Isoprostane (antioxidant), decrease MMP-9 and TNF-α (anti-inflammatory), as well as modulate TGF-β and BDNF (neurotrophic factor). Moreover, HNSC-secretomes maintain the extracellular matrix of SCI by reducing the matrix degradation effect of MMP-9 and increasing the collagen formation effect of TGF-β as a resistor of glial scar formation. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the mechanism of HNSC-secretome in improving neuropathic pain and locomotor function in SCI through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-matrix degradation, and neurotrophic activities.

Methods: This experimental study investigated 15 Rattus norvegicus rats that were divided into three groups: (1) normal, (2) SCI+nonsecretome, and (3) SCI+secretome (30 μL, intrathecal Th10). Model subacute SCI post-laminectomy was performed in 60 seconds using an aneurysm Yasargil clip with a closing forceps weighing 65 g (150 kdyn). At 35 days post-injury, the specimens were collected, and the immunohistochemicals of IL-10, MMP9, and TGF-β were analyzed. Motor recovery was evaluated based on the BBB scores. Results: The SCI post-laminectomy of rats treated with HNSC secretomes showed improvements in their locomotor recovery based on the BBB scores (p =0.000, mean=18.4) and decreased MMP9 (p =0.015) but had increased the levels of IL-10 (p =0.045) and TGF-β (p =0.01). Conclusions These results indicate that the factors associated with the HNSC secretomes can mitigate their pathophysiological processes of secondary damage after SCI and improve the locomotor functional outcomes in rats.

We conducted a hospital based study to collect data on the clinical characteristics of neuropathic pain (NP) patients in neurology outpatients in 13 big cities in Indonesia. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of NP among patients with the symptoms of pain. A simple questionnaire was conducted to explore the clinical symptoms and signs. Participants who reported of NP symptom was 1,779 (21.8%) among 8,160 patients. The higher prevalence of NP was reported in 41-60 years old (n= 1,030; 57.9%). It was more prevalent in male (n=1,104; 62.1%). The group of patients with low educational level has higher prevalence of pain with NP (n=1,177; 66.1%). There are five main clinical symptoms of NP patients, pinprick sensation (n=589; 33.1%), electric shock like sensation (n=542, 30.5%), burning (n=407, 22.9%), paresthesia (n=401; 22.5%) and hyperalgesia (n=351, 19.7%). In this study, NP was mostly associated with low back pain (n=509, 28,6%), carpal tunnel syndrome (n=343; 19.3%), frozen shoulder syndrome (n=191, 10.7%), diabetic neuropathy (n=170, 9.6%) and brachialgia (n=108, 6.1%). The most frequent modality to treat NP symptoms were adjuvant analgesics, antidepressants or anticonvulsants (n=1,199; 67.4%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=1,177, 66.2%), non-opioids analgesics (n=606; 34.1%), non-pharmacological treatment (n=366; 20.6%) and opioid treatments (n=100, 5.6%).

We conducted a hospital based study to collect data on the clinical characteristics of neuropathic pain (NP) patients in neurology outpatients in 13 big cities in Indonesia. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of NP among patients with the symptoms of pain. A simple questionnaire was conducted to explore the clinical symptoms and signs. Participants who reported of NP symptom was 1,779 (21.8%) among 8,160 patients. The higher prevalence of NP was reported in 41-60 years old (n= 1,030; 57.9%). It was more prevalent in male (n=1,104; 62.1%). The group of patients with low educational level has higher prevalence of pain with NP (n=1,177; 66.1%). There are five main clinical symptoms of NP patients, pinprick sensation (n=589; 33.1%), electric shock like sensation (n=542, 30.5%), burning (n=407, 22.9%), paresthesia (n=401; 22.5%) and hyperalgesia (n=351, 19.7%). In this study, NP was mostly associated with low back pain (n=509, 28,6%), carpal tunnel syndrome (n=343; 19.3%), frozen shoulder syndrome (n=191, 10.7%), diabetic neuropathy (n=170, 9.6%) and brachialgia (n=108, 6.1%). The most frequent modality to treat NP symptoms were adjuvant analgesics, antidepressants or anticonvulsants (n=1,199; 67.4%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=1,177, 66.2%), non-opioids analgesics (n=606; 34.1%), non-pharmacological treatment (n=366; 20.6%) and opioid treatments (n=100, 5.6%).
Neuralgia

Introduction: The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia has continued to increase over the last few years. An unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity can elevate blood pressure, particularly if an unhealthy lifestyle has been followed since adolescence. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between snack consumption and physical activity with blood pressure in adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 349 adolescent girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in West Java, Indonesia. Data on daily food and snack consumption were obtained by the 24-hour recall for 3 non-consecutive days. Blood pressure was measured using a digital blood pressure instrument, and the results were categorized by age, gender, and height. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate determinants of blood pressure. Results: A total of 120 (34.4%) of the adolescent girls in the study had hypertension. A majority of girls had inadequate daily intake (energy, fat, carbohydrates, and sodium; only total protein intake met Indonesia’s recommended dietary allowance). Snacks were found to be high in protein, fat, and carbohydrates, with consumption levels above 15%. More than half (61.9%) of the subjects’ daily sodium intake came from snacks. Low-fat intake from snacks was associated with an increase in blood pressure in this study. Daily nutritional intake affecting blood pressure included sodium and total fat intake. Lack of physical activity in adolescent girls was not a risk factor for elevated blood pressure. Conclusion: Fat and sodium intake was associated with elevated blood pressure in adolescent girls.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the effect of glucose on alpha-amylase and glucoamylase production in some Indonesian indigenous fungi. Methodology and results: Fungi were screened for their ability to produce alpha-amylase and glucoamylase in the presence of glucose. The strains were grown in a medium containing starch and glucose as carbon sources with glucose concentrations varying from 0 to 5% for four days, and the alpha-amylase and glucoamylase were analyzed at the end of the growth period. Most strains showed repression on the amylases production when glucose was added to the medium. However, some strains showed no repression on amylases production when glucose was supplemented to the medium. The addition of glucose repressed glucoamylase production, but no repression on alpha-amylase was noted for strain KKB4, vice versa, there was repression on alpha-amylase production but no repression on glucoamylase production for strain FIG1. Strains FNCC 6151 and MLT1J1 showed no repression on both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase production when glucose was added to the medium up to 5%. The occurrence of repression in the production of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase was strain-specific. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Out of the nine indigenous fungi strains examined, strains FNCC 6151 and MLT1J1 showed no repression on both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase production when glucose was added to the medium up to 5%. Those two strains have the potential to be improved further to produce both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase.
Glucosidases ; alpha-Amylases ; Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase