Objective To study the effect of pronase to improve the nasogastric tube obstruction.Methods 52 patients with nasogastric tube obstruction were randomly divided into pronase group and routine treatment group. The effect to improve nasogastric tube obstruction was observed.Results The total effective rate of the pronase group (92.3%)was significantly higher than the routine treatment group(69.2%)(χ2 =11.60,P <0.01).Conclusion The effect of pronase to improve the nasogastric tube obstruction is better than the routine treatment.

Objective To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance gene 1 product P-glycoprotein(P-gp) when nuclear factor kappa B is induced or inhibited.Methods Ovarian cancer cells SKOV-3 were treated with Docetaxel or combinded with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC),the inhibitor of NF-?B.Western blot assay、 flow cytometry assay and MTT assay were used to measure P65 protein,P-gp,apoptosis of cancer cells,and the survival rate respectively.Results Docetaxel increased P65 protein and P-gp expression,while combind use of PDTC reversed this function.Both Docetaxel(≥(1 ?g/mL))and PDTC(≥(10 ?mol/L)) significantly inhibited the growth of SKOV-3 cells,and caused apoptosis.The combined use of Docetaxel and PDTC at low concentrations significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cells and caused apoptosis as compared with those treated with Docetaxel only.Conclusion The expression of P-gp may be ralated to the activation of NF-?B;Inhibition of NF-?B can enhance the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to Docetaxel.

Medical Higher Mathematics,an important fundamental course,is important to improve the students' ability of innovation.According to the characteristics of the students at medical school,and considering the content abstract and the problems difficult to learn and understand,a new teaching model which can focus on absorbing some contents of Pharmacokinetics into Medical Higher Mathematics is dis cussed.At the same time the article discusses how to combine the both courses in three aspects:professional features,the background of the student's knowledge,and teaching method.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that mild hypertension and hypothermia both offer cerebral protection against focal cerebral ischemia,and their possible synergistic effect may provide even better neuroprotective effects.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of cerebral protection by induced hypertension combined with mild hypothermia against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, through observation of the changes in the infarct volume and blood-brain barrier(BBB) in rats.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental study based on experimental animals.SETTING: The departments of neurology of two university hospitals and department of dermatology in a municipal hospital.MATERIALS: The study was carried out in the Laboratory of Department of Neurology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Laboratory of Department of Neurology, People' s Hospital of Wuhan University from March to July 2001. Sixty-four Wistar rats weighing 180 to 230 g were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of People' s Hospital of Wuhan University.INTERVENTIONS: Sixty-four rats were randomly divided into control group, hypertension group, mild hypothermia group, and combined therapy group, each group consisting of 16 rats. Reperfusion was initiated after a 3-hour focal cerebral ischemia of the 16 rats, and at 2 hour during the ischemia, the rats in the hypertension and mild hypothermia group were treated with hypertension for 3 hours and mild hypothermia, respectively, and those in the combined therapy group received both treatment. The rats in the control group received no treatments for ischemia and reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, all rats were killed for examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The scores of neurological deficits, infarct volume and degree of BBB damage.RESULTS: The scores for neurological deficits, infarct size and volume of Even' s blue staining were 2. 12 ±0. 54, (17.65 ±4.78)%, and(56.63± 10.70) mm3, respectively, in hypertension group, and 2. 14 ±0.69,(16. 21 ± 3.79)%, and(53.52 ± 8.44) mm3 in mild hypothermia group,and 1.78 ±0. 61, (11, 31 ±3.64)%, and 38.45 ±5.25 mm3 in combined therapy group, which were all decreased significantly as compared with the control group[2.70 ±0. 64, (28.34 ±4. 13)%, and(94.87 ± 15.34) mm3].The combined therapy group had the smallest infarct size and volume of Even's blue staining among the three treatment groups( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Hypertension and mild hypothermia may reduce the infarct volume and alleviate BBB damage during focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats, and the effects of combined treatment are more obvious.

Aim To detect the effects of cetuximab combined with adriamycin on the proliferation and ap-optosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells.Methods Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with propidi-um iodide staining.JC-1 staining was used to deter-mine mitochondrial membrane potential.The expres-sions of glucose regulated protein78 (GRP-78),Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were measured with Western blot.Re-sults MTT assay showed that cetuximab had inhibi-tion effect on the breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 growth,and the effect was related to concentration of drug.The inhibition effect of adriamycin on MDA-MB-231 had remarkabe relationship with time and concen-tration.When combined with each other,they could re-markably increase inhibition effect.The viability of cells in combination group for 1 2 h,24 h,48 h,sig-nificantly lower than that in cetuximab or adriamycin group (P <0.05 or P <0.01 ).Apoptosis results showed that cell apoptosis was significantly increased when cetuximab combined with adriamycin,reached (43.93 ±3.59)% for 24 h,had remarkably statistical significance compared to cetuximab or adriamycin
group (P <0.01 ).JC-1 staining indicated that cetux-imab or adriamycin could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential,but the reduction effect was more remarkable in the combination group.Western blot re-vealed that cetuximab could reduce the expression of GRP-78 and Bcl-2,and increased the expression of Caspase-3 and its activity.The expressions of Bcl-2, Caspase-3 had no significant change in adriamycin group,but GRP-78 was increased.In combination group,the expression of GRP-78 and Bcl-2 was signifi-cantly decreased,but Caspase-3 was increased nota-blely compared to adriamycin group.Conclusions The combination of cetuximab and adriamycin enhances the inhibition effect on the triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells,and increases cell apoptosis.The mechanism may be that cetuximab reduces the endo-plasmic reticulum stress level,then activates the mito-chondrial pathways by decreasing the expression of Bcl-2,reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential,and promoting cell apoptosis.

The degree of satisfaction of the curriculum is related not only to the degree of the curriculum but also to the degree of the students' development. With the concept of teaching reform micro system engineering, using the SIMPP analysis of the degree of satisfaction of the curriculum, the relevant factors of the students are studied. The results show that, the learning state, learning objec-tives, and the education level of mother affect the students more easily on the curriculum satisfaction. Research shows, in the present curriculum condition, educators should guide the students to study hard, establish a clear and reasonable learning goal, give the students the introduction and analysis of the curriculum, can effectively improve the students on the curriculum satisfaction, enhance the enthusiasm of the study.

The clear learning objective is one of the important factors to determine the learning effect of college students. In order to analyze the factors affecting the formation process of college stu-dents' learning objectives, to explore the teaching mode that can be helpful for college students' clear learning objective, under the guidance of the concept of the reform of the teaching system, the SIMPP analysis of the students learning objective in the TCM colleges was carried out. Results showed that the related factors that affected student learning objectives included family factors, school principals and students' subjective factors. Teachers' observing students' learning status carefully, their understanding students' background, income and other social factors, mastering the degree of students' learning spe-cific goals and behavior model, and conducting the targeted and effective inventiveness are to help students clear learning objectives. The results provide the technology and method of operation for col-lege teachers to correctly guide different types of students to establish a clear learning objective.

The influence extent of students from teachers is related to the teaching effect , which means whether it can successfully promote the study of students and reach the expected teach-ing goal during the teaching process. To have a good teaching effect, guided by the micro-system en-gineering of teaching reform, we used SIMPP to analyze the related factors of the influence of students extent from teachers during the teaching process in TCM colleges and universities. The result shows that the influence extent from teachers is related to not only teachers themselves but students and their self-condition and family backgrounds as well. Going further in researching these factors and the related behavior patterns of influence extent of students from teachers is helpful to making the teach-ing more effective and more targeted.

Objective To study the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on learning and memory, and angiogenesis and the dendritic structure of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons after cerebral infarction. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham operated group, a model group and a TMS group (n = 16). Rat models of focal cerebral infarction were established with unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) suture occlusion in the model and TMS groups. The rats of the TMS group were given 4 weeks of TMS treatment beginning 1 day after the infarction (2 times per day, 30 pulses per time). Their learning and memory abilities were tested with a Y-maze. Angiogenesis and the dendritic structure of their hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons were detected after 4 weeks. Results Compared with the model group, learning and memory improved significantly in the TMS group. The average microvessel density of the hippocampus in the TMS group was significantly more than in the model group. The total length of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in TMS group was significantly longer than in the model group. Conclusions The improved learning and memory observed following TMS treatment are likely to be related to changes in angiogenesis, the dendritic.structure of the hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons, and enhanced synaptic plasticity.

Objective To observe the effects of Pinggan Jiangya Capsule on renin activity (RA) and angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods Pinggan Jiangya Capsule was administered to male SHRs as treatment group (n=10), and equal volume of normal saline was administered to normal control WKY rats group(n=10) or SHR as model group(n=10) respectively for 12 weeks intragastrically. RA and AngⅡ level were measured by radio-immunoassay. Results The blood pressure decreased significantly after treatment with Pinggan Jiangya Capsule for 12 weeks(P