Introduction Coronary TIMI flow gradewas previously demonstrated to be related to outcome after acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between coronary flow grade and left ventricular global longitudinal strainin patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) were unclear. Goal In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between coronary TIMI flow grade and LV GLS in patients with AMI. Materials and Methods We prospectively selected patients with AMI who treated by primary PCI. Based on whether TIMI 3 flow achieved at the end of the procedure patients were divided into two groups. Group I (TIMI 3 flow was achieved, n=367), Group II (TIMI 3 flow was not achieved, n=47). The LV GLS was assessed by 2dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE). Results A total of 413 patients (mean age 60±13, 84% male) were included and TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 367 patients (88%). LV GLS was significantly impaired in patients who had TIMI 3 flow not achieved compared with TIMI 3 flow achieved group (-13.1±4.8% vs. -15.3±3.8%, p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis which included age, gender, clinical, biochemical and angiographic variables showed that coronary TIMI flow grade of culprit artery was independently associated with LV GLS. There was negative correlation between coronary TIMI flow grade and LV GLS (Pearson’s r=-0.183, p<0.001). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that coronary TIMI flow grade is directly associated with LV GLS (β=-1.61, p<0.001) and which indicated that every 1 scale increase of final coronary TIMI flow grade resulted -1.61% increase of LV GLS. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the coronary TIMI flow grade of the culprit artery was independently associated with LV GLSin patients with AMI treated by primary PCI.

Background: To determine the visual and anatomical outcomes after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Methods: Case files of patients who had surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at the 3rd state central hospital May 2019 and May 2021 were reviewed. Information obtained included age, sex, presenting and post-operative visual acuity, anatomical reattachment, post- operative complications and causes of treatment failure. Results: Risk factors for retinal detachment included myopia in 8 eyes (32%), trauma in 7 eyes (28%), prior cataract surgery in 2 eyes (8%). 22 eyes (88%) presented with macula off while 3 eyes (12%) presented with macula partly or completely attached. Visual acuity at presentation was <0.01 in 15 eyes (60%). Following surgery, retina was attached in 23 eyes (92%) and remained detached 2 eyes (8%). Visual acuity after surgery was 0.1< 17 eyes, 0.4< 7 eyes. Visual acuity improved in 23 eyes (84%), remained the same in 2 eyes (8%). Conclusion Myopia and trauma are important risk factors for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Majority of patients in this setting presented late with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and this was responsible for relatively poor visual outcomes despite good anatomical results after surgery. Proper screening of eyes at risk and education of patients is important for preventing visual loss due to retinal detachment.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is a third leading cause of non-communicable diseases and a leading cause of mortality in Mongolia. Among these, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a complication of coronary artery disease (CAD), is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. In patients with AMI, both epicardial artery blood flow, observed through coronary angiography, and coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) play critical roles in the disease’s pathophysiology. Recent advancements have introduced artificial intelligence (AI)-based softwares which are capable of analyzing coronary blood flow from coronary angiography images. The AI based softwares can assess not only epicardial blood flow but also CMD in recent studies. In this review, we discussed the role of CMD in pathophysiology of AMI, diagnostic approaches, the application of AI-based technologies, their clinical significance, and future directions. Aim: This review aims to explore the pathophysiological relationship of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) in the context of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diagnostic methodologies, the application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, and their clinical significance. Hypotheses: 1. AI-based software allows for highly accurate assessment of coronary microcirculation during AMI. 2. CMD during AMI is associated with structural and functional changes in the heart. 3. CMD during AMI is related to disease prognosis and patient outcomes. Methodology:: This narrative review was compiled using a systematic and logical approach, based on publicly available recent clinical and biomedical research literature addressing the above hypotheses. Conclusion In recent years, AI-based image processing software has been developed to analyze angiographic images ob tained during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and treatment procedures. These tools show significant promise for early detection and improved diagnosis of CMD during AMI, as well as for better assessment of short- and long-term patient risk.