0.05).Conclusion:There was likely no association between the polymorphism at the serotonin transporter gene and autism. The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism might not play a causal role in the development of autism.

Objective To study improvement of cognitive function impairment of vascular dementia rats induced by a permanent bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries (2VO) after administration of leptin in brain. Methods Hippocampal neurons was isolated and cultured from SD rats. At oxygen-glucose deprivation condition, protection role of leptin on hippocampal neurons was observed and expression of leptin receptor was detected. Animal model of rats was established by 2VO. Pre-treatment VaD model of leptin was established by administration leptin into hippocampus region. The Morris water test was performed to detect difference in the cognitive function between VaD group and control group. Neuron apoptosis in hippocampus tissue were determined with TUNEL. Results Leptin receptor expression could be seen in hippocampal neurons. After oxygen-glucose deprivation cultured for 12 h , plenty of apoptotic cells were seen in hippocampal neurons, apoptosis rat was up to (72.96 ± 6.25) % , while apoptosis rate was (46.33 ±7.85)% and (23.58 ±5.08)% in 1 ( μg and 5μg leptin treatment group,respectively. Compared leptin treatment group with control group,difference had a statistical significance(P<0.01). Compared with untreated VaD group, latency time was shorter and average velocity was increased in leptin-treat-ment VaD group. Neuron apoptosis in hippocampus tissue of leptin-treated group were different significantly from those of untreated group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Leptin could protect hippocampal neurons from apoptosis in vitro. Cognitive function impairment could be improved by administration of leptin into brain in VaD rats.

Objective The automated capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) is used for human serum protein analysis and compared with the results of agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) for human serum protein analysis.Discuss its′ practical application in clinical.Methods With the Capillarys ?1-?2+reagent set, proteins in serum were separated at 7 kV for 4 min in 15.5 cm?25.0 ?m fused-silica capillaries (n=8) at 35.5℃ in a pH 10 buffer with online detection 200 nm.Results Capillary zone electrophoresis compared with agarose gel electrophoresis(AGE;Hydrasys-Hyry; Hydragel protein(e)15/30/54 reagent set;Sebia)in precision, relatives, linearity and potential interferences were analyzed.A samples without Para-protein (n=165) were performed relation test. The coefficient of relation between CE and AGE is 0.929 for albumin, 0.924 for for ?1-globulin, 0.841 for ?2-globulin, 0.789 for ?-globulin, 0.926 for ?-globulin. There was no significant difference (P

BACKGROUND:Many studies have showed that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signal pathway regulates the proliferation and differentiation of nerve cels, axon guidance and neural regeneration after brain injury. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the role of Shh signal pathway in embryonic development and post-natal nerve repair. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author in PubMed and CNKI database to search related papers published from January 1980 to July 2015 using the keywords of “Shh signal pathway, embryogenesis, neural regeneration” in English and Chinese, respectively. Articles related to Shh signal pathway in embryonic cels differentiation, tissue development, post-natal neural regeneration, axon migration and tumor formation. A total of 38 relevant literatures were retrieved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recently, Shh signal pathway has become an issue of concern because this signal pathway is closely related with neural regeneration after brain injury. Shh is widely expressed in Hedgehog (Hh) family and plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and organogenesis. Shh is wel known to contribute to the patterning of neural tube system, regulate the proliferation and migration of progenitor cels, and control axonal growth and guidance. In addition, Shh is closely related to tumor formation. Studies have shown that Shh can reduce infarct volume and improve behavior prognosis of stroke rats.

BACKGROUND:The micro-ecological environment has been broken when the ocular prosthesis was inset into the conjunctival sac. The recede of self cleaning function is more conducive to the microbial growth and colonization. The cleaning of plaque biofilm on ocular prosthesis surface affects the patient's wearing comfort and quality of life. It is necessary to seek an effective cleaning method. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clearance effect of five cleaning methods on the palque biofilm on ocular prosthesis surface. METHODS: The conjunctival secretions from 84 patients who were subjected to ocular prosthesis repair were taken for bacterial culture and identification. Fifty pieces of self-curing resin and thermosetting resin artificial eyes were produced. The artificial eyes in each group were randomly divided into five groups, and were cleaned respectively with clear water, volume fraction of 75% ethanol, Boston SIMPLUS, polident and toothpaste. After the completion of the cleaning, the test piece was conducted residual biofilm culture. The clearance effects of different processing modes were evaluated using colony counting method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eighty-four specimens were submitted for inspection, of which 49 were positive. The Staphylococcusaureus separation rate was 14.29%.Staphylococcus epidermidis separation rate accounted for 13.10%. Maxwel Corynebacterium separation rate accounted for 7.14%. When water, Boston SIMPLUS and toothpaste were used for cleaning, theStaphylococcus aureus colony number in the self-curing resin group was higher than that in the thermosetting resin group (P< 0.05); when ethanol and polident were used for cleaning, there was no difference in the Staphylococcus aureus colony number between these two groups. In self-curing resin, the colony count in the clear water treatment group was higher than that in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The colony count in the ethanol treatment group was lower than that in the Boston SIMPLUS group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the colony count between other groups. In thermosetting resin, the colony count in the clear water treatment group was higher than that in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the colony count between other groups. These results demonstrate that ethanol, Boston SIMPLUS, polident and toothpaste have better cleaning effects onStaphylococcus aureusbiofilms on the surface of two kinds of ocular prostheses than the clear water rinse. Overal, it is encouraged to clean the artificial eyes using polident and Boston SIMPLUS, in order to avoid the occurrence of microbial infection in the conjunctival sac after wearing ocular prosthesis.

Objective To study the relationships between serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level in chronic HBV infected mothers, free maternal DNA in newborns' peripheral blood and HBV infection of newborns. Methods Free maternal DNA in newborns' peripheral blood was amplified by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (As-PCR) and heminested polymerase chain reaction (heminPCR). Serum HBV DNA of pregnant women were detected by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR. The relationships between mothers' serum HBV DNA level, mother-to-fetus DNA transfer and newborns HBV infection were analyzed by SPSS 13. 0 software. Results Thirty-six pairs of motherfetus informative cases were selected and free maternal DNA in the peripheral blood was detected in 26newborns (72. 2%). Statistical analysis indicated that mother-to-fetus DNA transfer was not related with HBsAg, HBV DNA DOsitive in newborns (Fisher exact Drobabilities were 0. 278 and 1.000,respectively; both P > 0. 05), while it was related with HBV infection in the peripheral bloodmononuclear cell (PBMC) of newborns (Fisher exact probability was 0. 026, P<0. 05). Freematernal DNA transfer was not related with mother HBV DNA level (X2 = 2. 097, P>0. 05). Therisk of HBV DNA positive in newborns increased with mother serum HBV DNA increasing ( total X= 62. 21, P<0. 05; tendency X2 =58. 46, P<0. 05). There was no relationship between motherserum HBV DNA level and PBMC HBV DNA positive in newborns (total X2 =4. 82, P>0. 05).Conclusions DNA transfer from HBV infected mother to fetus is related with PBMC HBV infection innewborns, which could be a risk factor of HBV infection in newborns. The risk of serum HBV DNApositive in newborns increases with mother serum HBV DNA level increasing.

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Objective To investigate the damaging traits of cognitive function in first episode depression patients with the assessment of neuropsychological status ( RBANS) and Stroop Color-word Test. Methods Two hundred and thirty first-episode depression patients as experimental group and one hundred and seventy-eight health person as control were evaluated separately by repeatable battery for the RBANS and Stroop Color-word Test. Results In Stroop Color-word Test,the time required for completing the words,color,double-word,two-color in depression patients ( (14.37 ±6.65)s,(21. 58 ±8. 70) s,( 16. 56 ±8. 23)s, (37. 88 ± 13. 67) s) were longer than the control group ((12.38 ±3.34)s, (18.01 ±5.51) s, (14. 17 ±4. 37) s, (32. 87 ± 10.28) s). The difference between the two groups was found in cognitive function in first episode depression patients (P ＜ 0.05). The scores of color interference and meaning interference were no difference between the two groups (P＞0.05) . The patients'scores of the RBANS test in all items( (72.19 ± 17.22), (80.89 ± 15.29), (82.00 ± 16.37) , (98.74 ± 17.01) ,(82.09 ± 14.62) )were significantly poorer than those in healthy controls. Compared with control group, scores of the scales were significant difference between two groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that RBANS total score and five factors had no correlation with HAMD total score and factors. It positively correlated with education level (P＜0.05) ,but not with sex (P＞0.05). Immediate memory,verbal function,delayed memory in five factors and RBANS total score negatively correlated with age and course of disease respectively, but breadth of vision,attention were not did(P＜0.05). Conclusion First-episode depression patients suffer from more serious and comprehensive damage of cognitive function such as memory,attention,executive function.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture combined with minimally invasive hematoma aspiration on a rabbit model of brain injury in the acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods A total of 65 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a sham operation (SO) group, an ICH group,a hematoma aspiration (HA) group, and an acupuncture and hematoma aspiration (AHA) group. Models of ICH were established in the latter three groups. The HA group was treated with minimally invasive hematoma aspiration and the AHA group was treated with both acupuncture and minimally invasive hematoma aspiration. At 6 hours and 1, 3 and 7 days after the ICH models were established, brain water content (BWC) was measured, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP-9 ) in the rabbits' brains was detected by immunohistochemistry. MMP-9activity was detected by gelatin zymography. Results The BWCs of the ICH group, HA group and AHA group rabbits were significantly higher than those of the SO group. The BWCs of the HA group and AHA group animals descended significantly more than those in the ICH group as time went on, especially on the 3rd day in the AHA group. Immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymography showed that the expression and activity of MMP-9 in these test groups decreased with time, especially on the 3rd day in the AHA group. Conclusions Acupuncture combined with hematoma aspiration can reduce injury in the acute stage of ICH, and inhibition of the expression of MMP-9 may be the mechanism.

Objective To observe that antiretroviral efficacy, immune reconstitution of four-year highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and evaluate its side effect in Chinese HIV-1-infected patients. Methods A total of 258 HIV-1 infected patients, given HAART regimens composed of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for mean 51.5 months, measured HIV RNA viral load(VL) and the counts of CD4+ T cell,CD8+ T cell at the baseline and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after HAART initiation, respectively,monitoring side effect, blood routine, main biochemical parameters, and other disadvantageous accidents during the 51.5-month treatment. Results Plasma HIV-1 RNA level was determined by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reactions (FQ-PCR) at the baseline and 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after starting HAART, and showed 5.27, 2.97, 2. 74, 2. 62, 2. 67 and 2.75 lg (copies/ml), respectively. The counts of CD4+ T cell from (127±63) cells/μl at the baseline increased to (190±115), (248±93),(269±127), (296 ± 156) and (317 ± 195) cells/μl at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after starting HAART. A total of 149 treated patients (57.8%)had gastrointestinal side effects, peripheral polyneuropathy, various rashes, central nervous system disorders, fever or baldness. Twenty-two patients changed one of three medicines to another because toxicity. Sixteen changed the regimen to the second line HAART for lactic acidosis or other serious toxicities. Conclusions A total of 258 HIV-1 infected Chinese patients treated with two NRTI and one NNRTI as first line HAART regimen during mean 51.5 months,showed a good antiretroviral efficacy and immune reconstitution, but a few site-effects at the parts of patients. It is necessary to treat adverse effect and change HAART regimen for severe toxicity in time.