OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tuberculosis (TB) in the general population in Timor-Leste. METHODS: In the nationally representative cross-sectional 2016 Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey, 4622 men (aged 15-59 years) and 12 607 women (aged 15-49 years) were randomly selected using stratified multistage sampling and interviewed. RESULTS: Overall, 66.9% of men and 62.8% of women were aware of TB, 4.4% of men and 12.6% of women had TB courtesy stigma, and 83.3% of men and 88.6% of women reported intention to receive TB treatment. The mean±standard deviation overall TB knowledge score was 3.9±2.0 (out of 8) among men and 3.0±1.8 among women. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, among both men and women, older age, higher education, rural residence, and sources of TB information (family/friends, school/workplace, health care provider, Internet, television, and newspaper) were associated with higher TB knowledge scores. In addition, among women, higher wealth status and having heard about TB from the radio were associated with higher TB knowledge scores. Negative associations with TB courtesy stigma were found for urban residence and having heard about TB from family or friends among men, and for older age, higher TB knowledge, and TB information sources (family/friends and school/workplace) among women. Among both men and women, higher TB knowledge scores and having heard of TB from a health care provider were associated with intention to receive TB treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study identified socio-demographic risk factors for deficiences in population-based TB knowledge in Timor-Leste; these findings should be considered when designing TB communication, prevention, and control strategies.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding tuberculosis (TB) in the general population in Timor-Leste. METHODS: In the nationally representative cross-sectional 2016 Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey, 4622 men (aged 15-59 years) and 12 607 women (aged 15-49 years) were randomly selected using stratified multistage sampling and interviewed. RESULTS: Overall, 66.9% of men and 62.8% of women were aware of TB, 4.4% of men and 12.6% of women had TB courtesy stigma, and 83.3% of men and 88.6% of women reported intention to receive TB treatment. The mean±standard deviation overall TB knowledge score was 3.9±2.0 (out of 8) among men and 3.0±1.8 among women. In a multivariable linear regression analysis, among both men and women, older age, higher education, rural residence, and sources of TB information (family/friends, school/workplace, health care provider, Internet, television, and newspaper) were associated with higher TB knowledge scores. In addition, among women, higher wealth status and having heard about TB from the radio were associated with higher TB knowledge scores. Negative associations with TB courtesy stigma were found for urban residence and having heard about TB from family or friends among men, and for older age, higher TB knowledge, and TB information sources (family/friends and school/workplace) among women. Among both men and women, higher TB knowledge scores and having heard of TB from a health care provider were associated with intention to receive TB treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified socio-demographic risk factors for deficiences in population-based TB knowledge in Timor-Leste; these findings should be considered when designing TB communication, prevention, and control strategies.
Education ; Female ; Friends ; Health Personnel ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Intention ; Internet ; Linear Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Television ; Timor-Leste ; Tuberculosis

Objective: To assess the prevalence and social and health correlates of falls and fall risk in a sample of community-dwelling and institutionalized older Indonesians. Methods: Tis cross-sectional study was conducted July–August 2018 in three regions in Indonesia. Adults aged 60 years and above (n=427) were recruited via random sampling from community clinics and public and private elderly homes. Tey responded to interview-administered questions and provided measurements on sociodemographics and various health variables, including falls and fall risk. Fall risk was assessed with the STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, & Injuries) screen. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to estimate associations with fall and fall risk. Results: In the year immediately preceding the study, 29.0% of participants had sufered a fall. Approximately one-third of women (31.1%) and one-ffth of men (20.4%) reported a fall in the past year, and 25.4% of community dwellers and 32.7% of institutionalized older adults had fallen. Te overall proportion of fall risk was 45.4%, 49.0% among women, 38.0% among men, 50.5% in the institutionalized setting, and 40.4% in the community setting. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (OR: 1.89, CI: 1.06, 3.37), private elderly home setting (OR:2.04, CI: 1.10, 3.78), and being female (OR: 0.49, CI: 0.30, 0.82) were associated with falls in the preceding 12 months. Older age (80-102 years) (OR: 2.55, CI: 1.46, 4.46), private elderly home residence (OR: 2.24, CI: 1.19, 4.21), lack of education (OR: 0.51, CI: 0.28, 0.93), memory problems (OR: 1.81, CI: 1.09, 2.99), and arthritis (OR: 2.97, CI: 1.26, 7.00) were associated with fall risk by the STEADI screen. In stratifed analysis by setting, being female (OR: 0.49, CI: 0.25, 0.95) and living in urban areas (OR: 1.97, CI: 1.03, 3.76) were associated with falls in the institutionalized setting, and having near vision problems (OR: 2.32, CI: 1.09, 4.93) was associated with falls in the community setting. Older age (OR: 2.87, CI: 1.36, 6.07) was associated with fall risk in the institutionalized setting, and rural residence (OR: 0.37, CI: 0.15, 0.93) and having a joint disorder or arthritis (OR: 4.82, CI: 1.28, 16.61) were associated with fall risk in the community setting. Conclusion: A high proportion of older adults in community and institutional care in Indonesia have fallen or were at risk of falling in the preceding 12 months. Health variables for fall and fall risk were identifed for the population overall and for specifc populations in the home care and community setting that could help in designing fall-prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVETo estimate recent prevalence data (2011-2013) on traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) provider use and sociodemographic and health related correlates in nationally representative population samples from 32 countries from all world regions.

METHODSThis secondary analysis was based on the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), 2011-2013, Health and Health Care Module. In a cross-sectional population-based survey (N=52,801), simple or multi-stage stratified random sampling was used, resulting in representative samples of the adult population of respective countries.

RESULTSOverall, the 12-month TCAM provider use prevalence was 26.4%, ranging from under 10% in Bulgaria, Poland and Slovenia to over 50% in China mainland, the Philippines and Republic of Korea. Over 80% TCAM treatment satisfaction was found in Europe in Denmark, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland, in Asia in Taiwan (China) and USA. Multivariate logistic regression found sociodemographic variables (middle age, female sex, lower educational status, not having a religious affiliation, and lower economic indicators) and health variables (perceived poor or fair health status, being unhappy and depressed, having a chronic condition or disability, and having positive attitudes towards TCAM) were associated with TCAM provider use.

CONCLUSIONSA high prevalence TCAM provider use was found in all world regions and several sociodemographic and health related factors of its use were identified.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Complementary Therapies ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sample Size ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult