Objective To explore the feature of electrical physiology and the key aspect of diagnosis in early stage of spinal muscular atrophy in infants.Method The back clinical data of the musle change of electrical physiology within 25 cases were analyzed.Results The children were ill in 1 year old,with the symptom that four limbs present symmetry and paralysing slowly,low limbs being more serious than upper limbs,the close and the distant of the four limbs.The levels of creatine kinase(CK) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in serum were normal and the case unconcentrated was not seen rarely.The show of electromyogram(EMG) was that three limbs presenting wide-range losing nerve electric potential in peace state,when straingently the deadline was long and the motor unit potential(MUP) was high,when strain highly the eletric potential was decreased;the speed of nerve conduction was common.Muscle inspection was typical nervine myatrophy.Conclusion The clinical feature,the changes of muscle electrical physiology and the muscle inspection are valuable for diagnosis so as to afford reliable evidence for further gene diagnosis.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):167

Objective To investigate risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients with craniocerebral operation,and provide reference for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods A total of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery in a neurosurgery department from January 2010 to December 2012 were enrolled in the study,the risk fac-tors for HAI were analyzed.Results Of 4 246 cases of craniocerebral surgery,393 patients developed 446 times of post-operative HAI,HAI incidence rate was 9.26%,case infection rate was 10.50%,which were higher than inci-dence (2.02%)and case infection rate (3.02%)of HAI of all hospital during the same period,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =811 .06,629.30,respectively,P <0.001).The major infection site was central nervous system (56.50%),followed by respiratory system (27.36%).Unconditional univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,age,community-acquired infection,primary disease,operative time,length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU)before infection,the number of surgery,invasive procedures and nasogastric tube,the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05 ).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex,elderly pa-tients,congenital brain diseases,stay in ICU>7 d,antimicrobial use >7 d,central venous and urinary tract cathe-terization,invasive ventilator were risk factors for HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation.Conclusion The incidence of HAI in patients with craniocerebral operation is high,effective preventive and control measures accord-ing to risk factors should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of HAI.

Objective To investigate the changes and pathogenic significance of serum interleukin-12p70 (IL-12), intefferon-γ,(IFN-γ) and IL-4 in the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS). Methods Twenty five eases were divided into mild group (14 eases) and severe group (11 cases) according to the severity of illness. Blood samples were collected in various stages(fever, hypotensian and oliguria,diuresis stage). Serum IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay(ELISA), IL-4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and platelet by automatic biochemical analyzer and blood analyzer. Results Serum IL-12 levels in mild and severe groups were significantly different during various stages of HFRS (F=5.765, P<0.01). The IL-12 level of both patient groups significantly increased(P<0.01) in fever[ (0.87±0.38), (1.08± 0.77)μg/L], hypotension and oliguria [ (0.77±0.21), (2.11±2.13)μg/L] ,and diuresis stage [ (1.42±1.10), (1.20±0.88)μg/L], compared with control group [(0.56±0.10)μg/L]. In various stages, IFN-γ levels of both case groups were respectively (8.04±13.05), (5.94±8.24), (15.95±18.05), (4.41±4.10), (1.09±1.24), (1.38±1.74), (1.12±1.26), (0.19±1.29)μg/L, and the difference was statistically significant compared with control [ (0.27±0.15)rig/L]. K,-4 levels did not change significantly in the stages(F=0.682, P0.05), while the ratios of IFN-γ and IL-4 contents in mild and severe cases were significantly higher than control [(0.36±0.26) μg/L] in fever[ (2.46±3.52), (16.92±22.77)p.g/L], hypotension and oliguria[(2.52±2.72), (1.77±2.06) μg/L],diuresis stage [(1.45±2.28), (2.32±3.98)μg/L], the difference had statically significant (P<0.05 or 0.01).The curve of IL-12 was similar to that of BUN, but was contrary to blood platelet count. Conclusions The elevated levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ, with the imbalance of Th1/Th2 might be the main cause of systemic inflammatoryresponse and involved in the pathogenesis of HFRS.

OBJECTIVETo confirm the amount of fertilizer and the ration of fertilizer.

METHODThrough the experiment of planting Salvia miltiorrhiza in pot and in field were carried out.

RESULTWhen N:P = 1:1, The production was 1.8 times more than the contrast group in plotting experiment, and in field the production of the highest fertilizer plot were 2.5 times more than the contrast and the higher and high fertilizer plot is 2.25 and 1.2 times respective were than those in the contrast group.

CONCLUSIONThe proper ration of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphorous fertilizer is 1:1. Nitrogen shows negative effects to the accumulation of tanshinon IIA, the more the nitrogen ous fertilizer, The less the content of tanshinon IIA. In contrast, phosphor ous fertilizer shows good effects on the accumulation of tanshinon IIA. Phosphorous fertilizer could alleviate the decline of the content of tanshinon IIA by using nitrogenous fertilizer. The accumulation peak of the tanshinon IIA emerge in the period of 150 d.

Diterpenes, Abietane ; Fertilizers ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; growth & development

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of cryopreserved and thawed peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) fractionated return infusions in children. 35 children patients with malignant tumors (13 acute leukaemias, 15 neuroblastomas and 7 malignant lymphomas) received fractionated return infusions of cryopreserved stem cells after undergoing high-dose chemotherapy without or with total body irradiation. The toxicities of 70 return infusions were evaluated. All patients were mobilized by chemotherapy plus recombination human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), and then PBSCs were collected by a separator CS-3000 plus or COBE spectra-4. The grafts were cryopreserved in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSD) and stored in liquid nitrogen. There were totally 70 PBSC transfusions. The total volume of PBSCs transfused: 190 - 420 ml (265 +/- 73 ml or 13.7 +/- 4.2 ml/kg) with a mean of (4.43 +/- 1.91) x 10(8)/kg of PBSCs, and 0.94 +/- 0.18 g/kg of DMSO. The single dose: 90 - 300 ml (132 +/- 37 ml or 6.6 +/- 5.2 ml/kg) with a mean of 0.68 +/- 0.12 g/kg of DMSO. Symptoms occurring during the infusions were recorded. All patients were monitored for 24 hours after infusion. Pulse, blood pressure, body temperature, and respiratory rate were recorded every 15 minutes. At four hours before and 8 hours after infusion, urinalysis was performed. Serum potassium, sodium, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels were examined within 24 hours before and after the first infusion. The results showed that the toxicities observed included hemoglobinuria in 54 return infusions (77.1%), headache in 28 (40.0%), nausea in 24 (34.3%), vomiting in 17 (24.3%), and abdominal pain in 8 (11.4%). Patients who received a graft > 200 ml tended to have a higher frequency of hemoglobinuria, headache, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain (P<0.01), and they disappeared quickly, too. Total bilirubin increased after the first return infusion (P<0.01), and there was a significant correlation between the volume of infusion and the degree of total bilirubin increase (r=0.8977, P<0.01). No renal failure or shock occurred. It is concluded that transient hemoglobinuria, headache, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common toxicities associated with PBSC autograft, and these toxicities are related with a single volume of PBSCs transfused. Total bilirubin increase is correlated with the volume of infusion. In a word, the toxicity is less frequent and lower severe in children with fractionated infusions of cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cell.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Headache ; etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; methods ; Hemoglobinuria ; etiology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Lymphoma ; therapy ; Male ; Nausea ; etiology ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Neuroblastoma ; therapy ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Recombinant Proteins

Paeoniflorin (PAE) is the most abundant compound in Xuebijing injection widely used to treat sepsis. We aimed to investigate effect of PAE on expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in a rat model of sepsis. Wistar rats were divided into Normal, Model, and PAE groups (n=20 each). Endotoxin was administrated at 5 mg/ml/kg in Model and PAE rats to establish rat sepsis model. 1 h after endotoxin administration, PAE was administrated at 4 ml/kg in PAE group once per day for 3 days. Routine blood tests and biochemical indexes were assessed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The plasma sTREM-1 level was measured using quantitative ELISA. At the end of experiment, the small intestine, liver, kidney and lung were subjected to pathological examinations. A rat model of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was established successfully with endotoxin administration (5 mg/ml/kg), evidenced by histo-pathological examinations, routine blood tests and biochemical indexes: platelet count decreased and white blood cell count increased (p<0.05), CK-MB and AST increased (p<0.05). PAE treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of AST, CK-MB, and sTREM-1, compared to Model group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, sepsis-induced damages in the liver, lung, stomach and intestinal mucosa were also markedly ameliorated by PAE treatment. PAE demonstrated a significantly protective effect in a rat model of sepsis by decreasing plasma sTREM-1 level, reducing inflammation, preventing MODS and protecting organ functions.
Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Creatine ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hematologic Tests ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Small ; Kidney ; Leukocyte Count ; Liver ; Lung ; Models, Animal ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Plasma ; Platelet Count ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Sepsis ; Stomach

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between plant growth and accumulation of active ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza.

METHODTransplants of S. miltiorrhiza were sampled at 20 day intervals. At each stage, the growth of seedling and root system was recorded and the contents of tanshinone II (A) and salvia acid were measured.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThis study showed that the rapid growth stage of the root system lags behind that of the seedling system, but the growing period of root system lasts longer. The quantitative change of roots reveals a double "S" curve; two rapid growth stages emerge during 30 - 70 days and 140 - 200 days after the seedlings were transplanted. The content of salvia acid reaches the highest level during 140 - 180 days, whereas the content of tanshinone peaks during 100 - 120 days.

Agriculture ; methods ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Phenanthrenes ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; growth & development

This study was purposed to assess the effectiveness of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without in vitro T cell depletion for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in children. Two children with SAA/very SAA (VSAA) received T cell-depleted HSCT from their fathers with 2 loci mismatched in our center between October 2010 and March 2013. During 4 months after onset, both failed in treatment of cyclosporine (CsA)+ granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), had active or serious infections, were transfusion dependent and lacked HLA-identical sibling donors and unrelated donors. The conditioning regimen before HSCT included fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and thymoglobulin. The source of grafts was a combination of G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells and BM. The recipients received CsA, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and short-term MTX for GVHD prophylaxis. Both children with SAA achieved 100% donor myeloid engraftment. Neutrophil engraftment occurred at day 12 and day 18 after transplant respectively. Platelet engraftment occurred at day 17 and day 26 after transplantation respectively. Two patients all developed grade I acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), one of which evolved into chronic limited GVHD well-controlled. Both have survived for two years after transplantation with 100% donor myeloid engraftment and effective lymphoid reconstitution. In conclusion, these limited cases suggest that haploidentical HSCT for children with SAA without a HLA-identical sibling donor and unrelated donor may be feasible. Further prospective clinical study is required to increase the overall survival (OS) by decreasing GVHD while maintaining stable engraftment.
Anemia, Aplastic ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Haploidy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Transplantation, Homologous

OBJECTIVETo provide theoretic warrant and technical reference for Salvia miltiorrhizr standardization planting, by carrying out various systemic studies such as observation of seeds configuration fabric, idiosyncrasy of water absorption and groping germinating conditions.

METHODIn the study of configuration fabric, seeds were observed and taken photos by scanning electronic microscope, and heft method was used for measuring changes of water absorption velocity and dehydration velocity. Seeds germination conditions were probed into under the national test regulations for crop seeds and related prescription from international standards.

RESULT(1) There was a layer of slime about 10-20 microm thickness covering epicarp of Danshen seeds. The slime formed as diamond meshwork (reseau) and the weight of it was 8%-10% of total seeds weight. (2) The speed of water absorption of seeds was extremely rapid. The weight of seeds could increase above 10 times as original while the dehydration velocity was quite low. (3) The optimal temperature for the seeds germination is around 25 degrees C, and the germination rate of the new seeds gained yearly was above 75%, but the rate would decrease sharply as years went by. It was also found that the seeds germination power and exponent of vigor were quite high under the temperature transformation between 23 degrees C, 28 degrees C. Such treatments as pre-cool, PEG treatment and infusing with GA3 could increase the rate of seeds germination capacity obviously.

Germination ; physiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; physiology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; physiology ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Temperature ; Water

OBJECTIVETo investigate the properties of screw-bone interface of expansive pedicle screw (EPS) in osteoporotic sheep using micro-CT and histology.

METHODSSix female sheep with bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis were employed in this experiment and were randomly assigned into 2 groups: A and B. After EPS insertion in each femoral condyles, sheep in group A were bred for 3 months, while those in group B 6 months. Femoral condyles with EPS were 3D-imaged and reconstructed by micro-CT. Histology was evaluated thereafter.

RESULTSThe trabecular microstructure was denser at the screw-bone interface than in the distant parts in expansive section, especially within spiral marking. In the non-expansive section, however, there was no significant difference between the interface and the distant parts. The regions of interest (ROI) adjacent to EPS were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT using the same thresholds. The 3D-parameters generated, including tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BVF, BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV) ratio, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), were significantly better in expansive than in non-expansive sections (P < 0.05). Histologically, newly formed bone trabeculae crawled along the expansive fissures and into the center of EPS. The newly formed bones, as well as the bone at the bone-screw interface, closely contacted the EPS and constructed four compartments.

CONCLUSIONSBased on micro-CT and histological evaluation, the study suggest that EPS can significantly provide stabilization in osteoporotic cancellous bone.

Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Screws ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Femur ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; surgery ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovariectomy ; adverse effects ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sheep ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods