Objective To evaluate the curative effect of salvage liver transplantation and repeated hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocel-lular carcinoma.Methods The data of 72 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma fulfilling Child-Pugh A and the Milan criteria from September 2004 to August 2010 were retrospectively studied.According to different treatments,53 patients were divided into repeated hepatec-tomy group,and 19 patients were divided into salvage liver transplantation group.The overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates after operation were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method.COX proportional hazard was used for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to eval-uate the risk factors for prognosis.Results The 1-year,3-year and 5-year survival rates were 86.79%,62.26% and 45.28% in repeated hepatectomy group,and 89.47%,68.42%and 57.89% in the salvage liver transplantation group respectively.There was no significant differ-ence in the overall survival rates between the two groups (χ2 =2.530,P =0.112).The 1-year,3-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 67.92%,47.17% and 35.85%in the repeated hepatectomy group,94.74%,68.42% and 52.63% in the salvage liver transplantation group respectively.There was a significant difference in the disease-free survival rates between the two groups(χ2 =4.395,P =0.036).The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis indicated that microvascular invasion,satellite lesion and multiple tumors were the independent risk factors to influence the survival.Conclusion The salvage liver transplantation obtains a better effect for the patients fulfilling Child-Pugh A and the Milan criteria,which is an effective method in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the repair mechanism of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs)-neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene engineering cell on neuron myeline and axon of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods OECs-NT-3 gene engineering cell, constructed by ueurotrophin-3 transinfecting OECs inducted by retrovirus, was transplanted into lateral ventricle.The migration and distribution were observed and compared with control group and OECs transplantation group.Then myeline repair and axon regeneration were evaluated in the aspects of function score, morphological structure, SYN grey level Results (1) OECs-NT-3 could survive, diffuse, migrate with axons, spread in the focus diffusely on the 28th day after transplantation.(2) OECs-NT-3 survived and migrated to the transcription level of NT-3 mRNA in transgene group, being (212.3±16.1)×10-2, significantly higher than OECs group ((1.98±0.19)×10-2) and the contrast group ((1.23±0.13)×10-2, t = - 31.161, -31.928, P < 0.01).(3) The myeline of transgene group was kept complete and the number of inflamatory focus was lower than those of other groups (t = 11.388-22.728, P <0.01).(4) The SYN grey level of transgene group was obviously higher (P < 0.01).Conclusion OECs-NT-3 cell expresses NT-3 in EAE stably and effectively, which contributes to the repair of myeline and the regeneration of axon.

Objective To observe senile plaque and iron deposition in cortex and hippocampus of the Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) transgenic mice and investigate their influence on T2 relaxation time.Method All AD transgeic mice were divided into three groups: young group(2,4 months), adult group (6,8,10 months), old group (12,14,16 months), and C57BL/6J mice were as control and were scanned in order by using 4.7 T MR system.Regions of interest (ROI) corresponding to cortex, hippocampus,thalamus, striatum were manually drawn on MR images and T2 MR relaxation times of each ROI were calculated.After MR scan, these mice were decapitated and stained for iron and senile palques.The number of plaque and iron, plaque burden, iron load in cortex and hippocampus were acquired using image pro plus software.Result T2 relaxation times of each group were as following: wild type ( cortex (49.5 ± 2.1 ) ms,hippocampus (51.6 ± 1.1 ) ms ); young ( cortex ( 49.7 ± 0.5 ) ms, hippocampus ( 50.7 ± 0.7 ) ms ); adult (cortex(47.2 ±0.8) ms, hippocampus(47.7 ±0.9) ms) and old (cortex(44.6 ±0.8) ms, hippocampus (45.3 ±0.4)ms).T2 relaxation times in cortex and hippocampus of each group had statistical differences ( cortex F = 18.620, P ＜ 0.01; hippocampus F = 67.925, P ＜ 0.01 ); Compared with young group and wild type mice, T2 relaxation times in corex and hippocampus of adult group mice were decreased significantly.At the same time, T2 relaxation times in old group mice were reduced compared with adult group ( Adult vs young: cortex q =4.284, P ＜0.01, hippocampus q =7.902, P ＜0.01; adult vs wild type: cortex q =4.424, P＜0.05, hippocampus q = 11.450, P ＜0.01; old w adult: cortex q =4.812, P ＜0.01,hippocampus q = 7.034, P ＜ 0.01 ).Histochemical staining for senile plaques found that senile plaques was deposited as early as 4 month.Iron deposition in hippocampus and cortex were detected by perl-DAB as early as 6 months of age, and there was an overall increase in number and load of plaques and iron with age.A positive correlation was observed between plaque burden and iron load ( r = 0.931, P ＜ 0.01 ).At the same time, plaque burden and iron load were negatively correlated with T2 relaxation times ( plaque burden and T2 relaxation times r = - 0.884, P ＜ 0.01; iron load and T2 relaxation times r = - 0.827, P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The changes of T2 relaxation time in AD transgenic mice are attributed to iron and senile plaques.MR T2 relaxation time is a sensitive marker to diagnosis for AD and screen antidementia drugs.

Objective To verify the methodology for auditing dosimetric parameters in reference and non-reference conditions with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs).Methods Under reference and non-reference conditions,the established TLD methods were used to observe the absorbed dose variations with depth,SSD,field size and 45 wedges for 10 photon beams at 5 hospitals.Dosimetric parameters,including doses at Dmax points in axis,on 5 electron beams of 9 MeV were measured.The measurement results were compared between the TLDs and plane parallel ionization chambers.Results For 6 MV photon beams,the relative deviation of between finger ionization chamber method and TLD chips was in the range of-1.7％ to 5.4％ under on-axis non-reference conditions,and-6.3％ to-0.6％ under off-axis non-reference conditions,respectively,all within the range of ≤ ± 7％ as required by the IAEA.The relative deviation between plane parallel chamber and TLD method was-2.3％ to 3.7％,within ± 5％ as required by the IAEA.Conclusions It is convenient and feasible to use TLD method for quality audits of dosimetric parameters in radiotherapy.

To investigate the effects of Xinji' erkang (XJEK), a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on isoproterenol-induced ventricular remodeling in mice.

Objective To develop specific targeted magnetic biomarkers which can selectively mark the senile plaques in Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and verify its feasibility and validity.Methods Aβ1-40 peptide and Tat-PTD ( Tat-protein transduction domain) was binded with dextran-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide ( USPIO) particles.Visualization of plaques in vivo in Alzheimer transgenic mice was investigated at 7.0 Tesla using T2 sequences after intravenous administration of the targeted nanoiron contrast agent and verified by histological staining.Results The targeted nano-iron contrast agent could enter the cultured neural stem cells,and was able to accelerate T2 relaxation rates of water protons in the cells and negatively reinforce the T2 signal intensity in the labeled cells.Plaques were specifically detected in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and correlated well with histological staining after injection of nano-iron contrast agent into the APP/PS1 mice.Conclusion The targeted nano-iron contrast agent has the ability of selectively labeling the senile plaques in AD brain tissues in vivo,which might enable the early detection of plaques by MRI and can be further applied in the studies of early diagnosis of AD.

OBJECTIVE： To determine and compare the contents of catalpol and aucubin in different parts （root， stem， leaf and flower） of wild Centranthera grandiflora， and to provide reference for the selection of medicinal parts and source development. METHODS： HPLC method was used to determine the contents of catalpol and aucubin in root， stem， leaf and flower of wild C. grandiflora， and the contents of different parts were analyzed comparatively. The determination of catalpol was performed on Agilent TC-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1％ phosphoric acid （1 ∶ 99， V/V） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min； the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm， and sample size was 20 μL. The column temperature was 35 ℃； the determination of aucubin was performed on SPHERI-5RP-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （3 ∶ 97， V/V） at the flow rate of 1 mL/min； the detection wavelength was set at 205 nm， and sample size was 20 μL； the column temperature was 25 ℃. RESULTS： The linear range of catalpol and aucubin were 0.061 5-3.321 and 0.000 36-0.216 mg/mL （all r＝0.999 9）. The limits of detection were 0.016 and 0.007 μg/mL. The limits of quantitation were 0.052 and 0.023 μg/mL. RSDs of precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.00％ （n＝6）. The average recoveries were 99.34％ and 99.61％， and RSDs were 1.06％ and 1.12％， respectively （n＝6）. The average content of catalpol in root， stem， leaf and flower wild C. grandiflora were 1.609， 3.030， 11.095 and 1.921 mg/g， respectively. The contents of aucubin in different parts were 0.441， 0.020， 0.005 and 0.006 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS：The established HPLC method meets the requirements of quantitative analysis. Catalpol is mainly distributed in the leaves of wild C. grandiflora， and aucubin is mainly distributed in the roots of wild C. grandiflora. The experimental conclusion provides a reference for the reasonable selection of different medicinal parts as raw materials to develop medicine with different efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the timing of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage for acute pyogenic cholecystitis in the advanced age. Methods: The clinical data for 56 advanced age patients with acute pyogenic cholecystitis in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of People′s Liberation Army from January 2018 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 males and 25 females, aged from 70 to 86 years, with average age was (75.52±3.57) years. According to the percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage(PTGD) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) time interval, all patients were divided into three groups. Patients in the group A(n=12), B(n=21), and C (n=23) performed LC were within 2 months, during 2-4 months, and during 4-6 months, retrospectively. Observation indicators: (1) Surgical situations. The operation and postoperative basic condition of the three groups were compared. (2) Follow-up situations. Patients were followed-up by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect the postoperative complication in the postoperative three months up to June 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (Mean±SD), and comparison multiple groups was done using single factor analysis of variance (AVONA test) , and comparison between groups was done using the t test, and comparison of multiple groups in pairs was done using the SNK-q test, and hierarchical data were analyzed using Kruskal-wallis H test. Count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results: (1) Surgical situations: the thickness of gallbladder wall before LC, the rates of converting to laparotomy, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the operation duration, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were (0.57±0.04) cm, 50.0%, (95.83±11.45) ml, (107.50±21.90) min, (5.67±3.40) d in the group A, and (0.43±0.03) cm, 9.5%, (69.52±24.59) ml, (71.43±12.16) min, (3.76±2.61) d in the group B, and (0.43±0.05) cm, 39.1%, (68.64±21.89) ml, (77.95±12.88) min, (5.05±2.95) d in the group C, respectively, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the three groups (P<0.05). The thickness of gallbladder wall before LC, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the operation duration, those in group A were higher than the group B and C (P<0.05), and with no statistically significant different between the group B and C (P>0.05). The rates of converting to laparotomy, the duration of postoperative hospital stay in group B were better than the group A and C (P<0.05), and with no statistically significant different between the group A and C (P>0.05). The thickness of gallbladder wall before LC, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the operation duration, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were (0.43±0.03) cm, (46.67±9.82) ml, (67.69±7.77) min, (2.64±0.58) d in the gallbladder wall thickness of successful LC patients, and (0.52±0.04) cm, (123.53±17.30) ml, (134.12±25.51) min, (8.47±0.80) d in the laparotomy patients, respectively, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). (2) Follow-up situations: 56 patients were followed up and without perioperative death. No complications occurred after 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion Elective surgery that is performed in 2-4 months after PTGD for patients with acute pyogenic cholecystitis in the advanced age can reduce the volume of intraoperative blood loss and the rates of converting to laparotomy, shorten the operation duration and the duration of postoperative hospital stay, which is beneficial to the recovery of patients.

Objective: To validate the method for measuring the TPV and OAR doses and 2D dose distribution in IMRT through using TLD and radiochromic film. Methods: Eight medical linear accelerators (Valian, Elekta, Siemens) were selected. The polystyrene phantom provided by IAEA was CT scanned and the image obtained was transferred to TPS for formulation of treatment plan, prescription of PTV and OAR doses and calculation of corresponding monitoring unit (MU), IMRT was performed on the phantom using 6 MV X-ray. Irradiated TLDs and films were measured and evaluated at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory at the Radiation Safety Institute of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: According to IAEA requirement, the relative deviations between TLD-measured and TPS-planned doses were within ±7.0% for the prescribed PTV and OAR doses. As measured result, the PTV values for 8 accelerators were in the range of 0.6% to 5.9%, consistent with the IAEA requirements, whereas the OAT values for 8 accelerators were within -0.6% to 7.0%, consistent the requirements. As IAEA required, the 2D dose distribution passing rate of 3 mm/3% should be higher than 90%. The film-measured and TPS-planned values for 8 accelerators were within 90.2% to 100.0%, consistent with the requirements. Conclusions TLD and radiochromic film are feasible in validating the PTV and OAR doses and the 2D dose distribution pass rate in IMRT. This method can be widely used in quality audit and internal verification in IMRT in medical institutiions on a large scale.