Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a relatively difficult clinical type of treatment.The major therapy measures in present include steroid and immunosuppressant.Commonly used immunosuppressant include tacrolimus,cyclosporin,cyclophosphamide,mycophenolate mofetil,ect.Tacrolimus-induced clinical remission rate is superior to other immunosuppressive agents,has been the first-line agent of SRNS.Because of the individual difference in metabolism,the drug concentration of tacrolimus should be determined periodically.In order to obtain optimal efficacy of tacrolimus and reduce renal toxicity,the treatment protocols of small doses with long courses for children with SRNS were recommended.

OBJECTIVE: Polymorphism of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene was found being related with the susceptibility to several immune-related diseases. For the terminal differentiation of IL-17-producing effecter T-helper cells in vivo, the IL-23R gene is very important. As proved recently, Th17 cells might have a great influence to the pathogenesis of allergic airways disease. Our intention was paid to find any association between the polymorphisms in the IL-23R gene and allergic rhinitis(AR) in Chinese population. METHOD: A group of patients was involved in a case-control comparison, consisted of 239 AR patients and 271 control Chinese subjects. The study claimed to take some blood samples for DNA extraction and select 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-23R individually genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method. RESULT: Comparison with the controls, a great growing prevalence of the homozygous rs7517847 GG genotype and G allele appeared in AR patients (P < 0.05, respectively). Besides, a great increased frequency of the GGA haplotypes was presented in AR patients in comparison with the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a important association pattern between polymorphisms in IL-23R and AR in Chinese population. Between rs7517847 in an SNP of IL-23R and AR, a great association was identified.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Interleukin ; genetics ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of Interleukin2 (IL-2) signaling pathway related factors and Treg cell in nasal tissue of nasal polyps, so that to investigate the possible mechanism of IL-2 signaling pathway in the progress of nasal polyps and the correlation between IL-2 pathway and Treg cell. METHOD: Thirty patients were enrolled for study, including the patients with nasal polyps and those with only deviated nasal septum as normal control. The nasal polyps tissue and the turbinate mucosa of the patients were collected during surgery. The expression levels of IL-2 and IL-2R were measured by means of ELISA. The level of pSTAT5 was evaluated by Western blot. We measured the level of Foxp3 mRNA in the tissue by real-time PCR, and the proportion of Treg cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Finally. we analyzed the correlation between IL-2 pathway related factors and Treg cells in nasal polyps. RESULT: The expression levels of IL-2. IL-2R and pSTAT5 were significantly decreased in the nasal polyps compared with normal control (P < 0.05), and the level of Foxp3 mRNA and proportion of Treg cells in patients with nasal polyps were significantly lower than in normal control (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was positive correlation between the levels of IL-2 pathway related factors and the levels of Foxp3 mRNA and Treg cells proportion in nasal polyps. CONCLUSION The activated state of IL-2 signaling pathway got changed in nasal polyps tissue, the level of which was positively correlated with the expression of Treg cells, indicating that the IL-2 signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the development of nasal polyps, and the decreased level of Treg cells in nasal polyps may result from the downregulation of IL-2 signaling pathway.
Adult ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Polyps ; metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; STAT5 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; cytology

BACKGROUND:The surface antigen CD80/CD86 on mature dendritic cells can activate helper T (Th) cells, reduce the differentiation of Th cells toward Th1 cells, and promote the differentiation of Th cells toward Th2 cells.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of smal interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibiting the expression of surface antigens CD80/CD86 from asthmatic murine mature dendritic cells on Th1/Th2 type cytokines, interferon-γand interleukin-4.
METHODS:Asthmatic model of mice was established;then bone marrow-derived mature dendritic cells were separated and cultured. The expression of CD11c, CD80 and CD86 on mature dendritic cells were examined by flow cytometry. The siRNA was transferred into mature dendritic cells of asthmatic mice, and the CD80/CD86 mRNA and protein expression before and after interference were determined by fluorescent quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. The mature dendritic cells in non-siRNA group, siRNA group and negative siRNA group were co-cultured with T cells. The interferon-γand interleukin-4 productions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The expression of CD80/CD86 on the mature dendritic cells of asthmatic group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (al P<0.05). (2) After siRNA was transferred into mature dendritic cells, the expression level of CD80/CD86 mRNA and protein in siRNA group was significantly lower than other groups (al P<0.05). (3) After siRNA transfection, the level of interferon-γfrom the supernatant of mature dendritic cells and T cells co-culture system was significantly increased in the siRNA group compared with other groups (al P<0.05), while interleukin-4 production in the siRNA group was significantly decreased (al P<0.05). These findings suggest that high expression of CD80/CD86 on mature dendritic cells of asthmatic mice is observed, specific siRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of CD80/CD86, thus increasing interferon-γproduction and decreasing interleukin-4 production, which contributes to regulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Objective To investigate the early diagnosis value of arterial blood gas analysis , neuron specific enolase and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein in brain injury of premature infant. Methods In the study, 95 premature infants admitted in our hospital were enrolled. 45 premature infants with brain injury were selected as experimental group. 50 premature infants without brain injury were selected as control group. All patients received arterial blood gas analysis , NSE and GFAP on the 1st day and 7th day after birth. Results There is statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on the 1st day after birth in terms of pCO2, pH, BE and lactic acid (P<0.05). In experimental group, there is statistically significant difference between the 1st day and 7th day after birth in terms of pCO2, pH, BE and lactic acid (P < 0.05). The NSE and GFAP levels had statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group on the 1st day and 7th day after birth(P < 0.01); the NSE levels of experimental group had statistically significant difference between the 1st day and 7th day after birth (P < 0.05); The GFAP levels of experimental group had statistically significant difference between the 1st day and 7th day after birth (P < 0.01). Conclusion pCO2, NSE and GFAP levels are correlated with brain damage in premature infants in early stage. This could provide evidence of early diagnosis for brain injury in preterm infants.

Objective To investigate the role of mylin basic protein,S100B and arterial blood gas analysis's levels in early diagnosis of brain injury in premature infant.Methods A total of 95 premature infants treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study.Experimental group was 45 premature infants with brain injury.Control group was 50 premature infants without brain injury were the.All patients were detected with arterial blood gas analysis,MBP and S100B on the 1st day and 7th day after birth.Results The pH,PCO2,BE,lactic acid,MBP and S100B's levels in experimental group were significantly different between the 1st day and 7th day after birth.In the 1st day after birth,compared with the control group,the pH,PCO2,BE,lactic acid,MBP and S100B in the experimental group were obviously high than that of control group.Conclusion On the 1st day after birth,monitoring arterial blood gas analysis,S100B protein and MBP's levels could be useful in early diagnosis of brain injury in preterm infants.

Objective To investigate the renoprotective effect of aspirin-triggered lipoxins(ATL)on kidney of mice with acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods Eighty-eight male specific pathogen-free(SPF)C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into lipopolysaccharide(LPS)groups(including 2 h group,4 h group,8 h group,12 h group, 24 h group),ATL+LPS(including 2 h group,4 h group,8 h group,12 h group,24 h group)and normal control group according to random numble table,and each group had 8 mice.The mice in LPS groups were given LPS intraperitoneal injection to establish AKI animal models,while the mice in ATL+LPS groups were given ATL intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before LPS intraperitoneal injection.The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the serum creatinine(Scr),serum urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),cysteine-rich protein-61 (Cyr61)and netrin-1 levels of mice.Results The kidney tissue injury scores of mice of ATL+LPS group[4 h:(22.32 ± 1.04)scores,8 h:(31.11 ± 1.86)scores,12 h:(18.22 ± 0.92)scores,24 h:(20.87 ± 3.18)scores] were lower than those of LPS group at the corresponding time points[4 h:(35.47 ± 2.27)scores,8 h:(52.28 ± 2.82) scores,12 h:(54.99 ± 4.56)scores,24 h:(53.41 ± 4.76)scores],and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).The values of Scr,BUN,TNF-α and IL-1β in ATL+LPS group[Scr 8 h:(143.07 ± 5.02)μmol/L, BUN 12 h:(33.07 ± 3.52)mmol/L,TNF-α 4 h:(196.33 ± 14.181)ng/L and 8 h:(221.77 ± 10.11)ng/L,IL-1β 4 h:(50.25 ± 2.67 ng/L)]were lower than those in LPS group at the corresponding time points[Scr 8 h:(227.43 ± 11.17)μmol/L,BUN 12 h:(59.68 ± 3.84)mmol/L,TNF-α 4 h:(267.87 ± 26.48)ng/L and 8 h:(334.78 ± 21.08)ng/L,IL-1β 4 h:(89.45 ± 5.87)ng/L],and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). The urine NGAL[4 h:(56.76 ± 4.01)μg/L,8 h:(65.44 ± 7.81)μg/L],KIM-1[8 h:(78.19 ± 9.48)μg/L] and netrin-1[8 h:(40.12 ± 2.01)ng/L,12 h:(36.87 ± 2.87)ng/L]of mice in ATL+LPS group were lower than those in LPS group at the corresponding time points[NGAL 4 h:(168.77 ± 10.77)μg/L,8 h:(155.33 ± 8.26) μg/L;KIM-1 8 h:(124.73 ± 13.47)μg/L;netrin-1 8 h:(89.17 ± 2.74)ng/L,12 h:(81.11 ± 3.88)ng/L],and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).Conclusions ATL can treat LPS-induced AKI and play a renoprotective role in the kidney.

Objective To investigate the significance of fibroblast growth factor 23 in metabolic bone disease of prematuriy.Methods 60 patients who had been treated in our hospital from March 2016 to March 2017 were included in this study.Blood biochemistry was examined two weeks after birth,and values of blood phosphorus, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase were recorded. Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3,parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 were detected two weeks after birth. 20 premature infants with metabolic bone disease were selected as a study group. 40 infants without metabolic bone disease were treated as a control group. Two weeks after treatment,the above indicators were measured and compared in the study group. Results Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3,parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 were compared between the two groups 2 weeks after birth,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Levels of serum parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 in the study group were not statistically significant after treat-ment(P > 0.05). Levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 in the study group had statistically significant after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusions Early detection of fibroblast growth factor 23 can reflect metabolic bone disease in pre-term infants.It suggests that vitamin D should be adequately supplemented in early.

【Objective】 To analyze the discriminatory positive rate(DPR)of individual donor-nucleic acid test (ID-NAT)mode of blood screening laboratories in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, explore the possible reasons for DPR differences among blood station laboratories and the measures to lesson the differences, in order to lay a foundation for realizing the homogenization of detection quality of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. 【Methods】 The number of triplex-positive samples and discriminatory -positive samples of A, B, C, and D blood station laboratories, which submitted to ID-NAT system, in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from January to December 2018 were collected by a questionnaire of Quality Supervise Index of Blood Station Laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. The triplex-positive samples were divided into solo-positive samples(NAT⁺ ELISA^-) and dual-positive samples(NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ ). The changes of total DPR of A, B and C blood screening laboratories in different months was analyzed and compared respectively. The differences of total DPR of ID-NAT, DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ samples, and DPR between NAT⁺ ELISA^-samples and NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ samples of A, B, and C blood screening laboratories during January 2018 to December 2018 was analyzed and compared. The difference of DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA^-samples among A, B, C, and D blood station laboratories was also compared. 【Results】 Significant difference in total DPR was noticed in different months of A, B, and C blood station laboratories from January to December 2018(P<0.05), with the highest DPRs of A, B and C laboratory at 91.67%, 72.73%. and 80.39%, the lowest DPRs at 65.88%, 21.05%, and 7.69%, respectively. Significant statistical differences in the total DPR and the DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ samples were found among A, B, and C blood station laboratories(P<0.05). Significant statistical differences in the DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA^- samples were found among A, B, C, and D laboratories(P<0.05). The DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ samples of A and B blood station laboratories (95.97% and 85.25%) were significantly higher than those of NAT⁺ ELISA^-samples (36.36% and 30.71%)(P<0.05). However, the DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ samples of C blood station laboratory (32.63%) was significantly lower than that of NAT⁺ ELISA^-samples (44.39%)(P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in the total DPR, the DPR of NAT⁺ ELISA^-samples and NAT⁺ ELISA⁺ samples that were detected by ID-NAT system in 2018 among blood station laboratories in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, and the total discriminatory positive rate in different months was also different for the same blood station. It is necessary to explore the reasons leading to the differences and seek solutions in order to achieve the homogenization of detection quality of blood screening laboratories in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.