Objective To explore the isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma from urogenital tract,and provide the basis for rational clinical treatment.Methods Urogenital tract specimens from 57 904 outpa-tients in a hospital between 2008 and 2014 were performedUreaplasma urealyticum (Uu)and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh)culture,identification,and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results Of 57 904 patients with urogenital in-fection,21 614 (37.33%)had positive culture for Mycoplasma,isolation rate of Mycoplasma in female and male were 42.14% (18 917/44 889)and 20.72% (2 697/13 015 )respectively;Mycoplasma was mainly isolated from population of 21 -40 years old;Uu≥104 CFU/mL and Mh<104 CFU/mL mixed infection was common(69.35%). The resistance of Mycoplasma to doxycycline,josamycin,and tetracycline were all low(<10%);resistance rates of Mh to doxycycline,erythromycin,clarithromycin,and roxithromycin were all significantly higher than Uu (all P <0.05).Conclusion Mycoplasma infection/carriage rate in female outpatients is significantly higher than male outpa-tients,antimicrobial profile of Uu is different from Mh,josamycin and doxycycline can be as the first choice for treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis (cervicitis)caused by Mycoplasma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection status and drug resistance of Mycoplasma strains isolated from genitourinary tract. METHODS The IST kit produced by Bio-Merieux was used to culture the Mycoplasma strains and to do drug susceptibility test. RESULTS The Mycoplasma infection ratio was 41.0%,with Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) 71.9%,Mycoplasma hominis(Mh) 2.3%,and mixed infection 25.8%,respectively.The drug susceptibility test showed that drug resistance ratios were as follows: to erythromycin 58.7%,ciprofloxacin 50.0%,ofloxacin 41.3%,pristinamycin 3.3%,josamycin 5.4% and doxycycline 7.6%. CONCLUSIONS Mycoplasma infection in genitourinary tract is mainly due to Uu infection.We should rationally choose and use antibiotics according to the drug susceptibility,and josamycin is very effective.

A total of 26 male patients with urethral condyloma acuminatum took Polystictus glycopeptide capsules orally for 4 weeks plus 1-5 sessions of photodynamic therapy.Prior to the first session,human papilloma virus (HPV) genotype of wart tissue was detected.Verrucous body fell off completely.The follow-up period was 6 months.There was one recurrent case.And 24 cases had HPV genotype DNA.The positive rate of high-risk infection was 46.2％ ; the high/low-risk mixed type cross infection was present.The multiple HPV6 low-risk infection rate was 23.1％ and multiple high-risk infection rate 58.3％ ; highrisk type HPV16,HPV31,HPV58 and HPV6,HPV11 were all of mixed types.

A strain of Prototheca species isolated from a case of meningitis was identified by routine morphologic and biochemical methods as well as amplification of the related genes, in which the 28S large-subunit (LSU) region of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and intergenic space (ITS) were amplified with universal fungal primers. The small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was amplified with eukaryote-specific primers and Prototheca genus-specific primers. Then, compared the sequences with the ones posted on BLAST (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/BLAST). The organism choice giving the closest match, up to 99%, was considered the most likely correct identification. It was found that this strain of fungus grew well at 25 ℃ or 37 ℃. Smooth,moist colonies with white color were observed on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Microscopically, globular or ovoid cells, a number of round, ovoid shaped endospores could be observed. No hypha, ascus or blastic conidia was found upon cultivation on SDA. Based on the morphological characteristics, this isolate could be identified as Prototheca species. The identity with Prototheca wickerhamii was 2.9 % as demonstrated by the API 20C AUX system. Sequence analysis showed that the ITS gene was proved to be a complex structural region which was not suitable for the identification of Prototheca species, but the LSU and SSU rDNA regions showed 94% and 99.9% sequence identities with Prototheca zopfii var. hydrocarbonea (P. zopfii var. hydrocarbonea) respectively, indicating that the SSU rRNA gene sequence might be more reliable on than the LSU rRNA gene sequence for identification of Prototheca species.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemic features of allergic rhinitis at out-patient in western area of China(Chengdu in Sichuan province, Chongqing, Urumchi in Xinjiang province, Nanning in Guangxi province). METHODS A questionnaire survey on AR, rhinology examination and skin prick test were carried out among 2267 AR patients at out-patient, from Mar. 2005 to Dec. 2006. RESULTS The incidence rate of sneezing、runny nose、stuffy nose、itchy nose were 88%, 89.19%, 85.58%, 83.58% respectively. 43.80% of AR patients had inherent predisposition that 25.50% had hereditary AR and 13.45% had hereditary asthma. 46.98% of AR patients had other allergic diseases, among them 10.50% combined with asthma. According to the classification criteria of Haikou in 1997 and ARIA in 2001, there were mainly seasonal AR and mild intermittent AR in Urumchi area, while perennial AR and moderate-severe persistent AR in other areas. There was a significant impairment in Quality of life that 50% were always upset and 40% didn't sleep well and more than 10% had emotional affections. CONCLUSION We had got epidemic data such as characteristics of clinical presentation of AR at out-patient in western of China. Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR should be worked out according to the epidemic feature of AR.

OBJECTIVE To determine pathogens and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infection in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU and to provide the reference for clinical prevention and treatment.(METHODS) The ages,underlying diseases,pathogens distribution and resistance rate of Gram-negative bacteria of 110 cases patients receiving mechanical ventilation and being complicated lower respiratory tract infection in ICU were investigated.RESULTS Totally 110 strains of pathogens were isolated by bacterial culturing.The ratio of the Gram-negative bacteria to total bacteria isolated was 72.7%(80 strains) and of the Gram-positive bacteria was(18.2%)(19 strains),of the fungi was 10%(11 strains),among them the Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributed the majority,and ESBLs accounted for 38.8%,MRSA contributed 31.6% in Staphylococcus.Multidrug-(resistance) of Gram-negative bacteria to antimicrobial agents was serious.CONCLUSIONS Gram-negative bacteria are the majority of the pathogens,isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection in ICU receiving mechanical ventilation.It is suggested that there be urgent need for surveillance of bacterial resistance and rational use of antimicrobial(agents) during clinical therapy.

Background and purpose: MORC2 (microrchidia family CW-type zinc finger 2, MORC2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein that plays key roles in DNA-based biological processes including gene transcription and DNA damage repair. However, its functional role in breast cancer development and progression re-mains unknown. ALDH1A3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3), a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) superfamily, is a putative breast cancer stem cell marker, but its regulatory mechanism in breast cancer is poor-ly characterized. This study aimed to investigate the effects of knockdown of endogenous MORC2 on the expression levels of ALDH1A3 and the breast cancer stem-like phenotype in MCF-7 cells. Methods: Human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were infected with negative control short hairpin RNAs (shNC) and specific shRNAs targeting human MORC2 (shMORC2), followed by selection with puromycin to generate stable MORC2 gene knockdown cell lines. Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) were used to examine the protein and mRNA levels of ALDH1A3 in MCF-7 cells stably expressing shNC and shMORC2. Microsphere formation and fluo-rescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assays were used to analyze the effects of knockdown of MORC2 on the breast cancer stem-like phenotype. Results: Western blot and RTFQ-PCR analyses revealed that the protein and mRNA levels of ALDH1A3 were significantly down-regulated in shMORC2 expressing cells as compared with shNC -transfected control cells. Moreover, mammosphere formation assay showed that knockdown of endogenous MORC2 in MCF-7 cells significantly reduced the ability of cells to form microspheres. Consistently, FACS assays demonstrated that shMORC2-transfected cells had a lower proportion of ALDH-positive stem cells as compared with shNC expressing cells. In contrast, knockdown of MORC2 did not significantly affect the CD44+CD24- stem cell population. Conclusion:MORC2 promotes a breast cancer stem-like phenotype through, at least in part, regulating ALDH1A3 expression.

BACKGROUND:To overcome the disadvantages of traditional mechanical analysis of specimens, and establish the finite element model of realistic foot, are the important basements for the finite element mechanical analysis on foot.
OBJECTIVE:To establish three-dimensional finite element model of foot and lay the foundation for the finite element analysis of normal foot and foot injury.
METHODS:A healthy female volunteer was involved in this study and was detected with spiral CT scanning on the feet. The resulting image was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional model by using Mimics software. Then entity model was generated in Geomagic software. Final y three-dimensional finite element model was established based on the digital main structure in Ansys. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The established finite element digital model of human foot included al bone, cartilage and ligament, skin and soft tissue. The three-dimensional finite element model of human foot was established based on CT data and using Mimics, Geomagic, Ansys softwares. The established model had similar size and shape with skeletal mode, and can rotate freely in any angle for a variety of measurement, the foot bones can be arbitrarily split or merge, which is suitable for biomechanical analysis.

For medical student, diagnostic practice is the first step of clinical study. To penetrate the humanities education in diagnostic teaching,the combination with practice from the following steps as physical examination, laboratory examination and interrogation, would cultivate medical students' humane quality imperceptibly and play an important role in creating noble medical ethics of them.

Rhinosinusitis is a popular disease in otorhinolaryngology.A guideline document,European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (EPOS) developed on the basis of evidencebased medicine was used in clinical teaching.Theoretical teaching was promoted by reading and understanding EPOS.Meanwhile,EPOS was used in clinical practices of preclinical ward round,case analysis and independent bed charge,which laid a solid foundation to help otorhinolaryngology postgraduates fully grasp the theoretical knowledge of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps,improve clinical practice abilities and develop standardized philosophy of diagnosis and treatment finally.