Objective To explore the effect of fuzhengyangyingtang (FZYYT) on bone marrow proliferation in aplastic anemia (AA) mice. Methods AA mice models were set up according to Yaojun descriptive method, and then were randomly divided into FZYYT group, CsA group, FZYYT+CsA group, and AA group, each group containing 10 animals. 10 healthy mice served as control. The former three groups were fed with FZYYT, CsA and FZYYT+CsA, respectively, and the last two groups were fed with normal saline. After fed 10 days the changes in hemoglobin(Hb), platelet, BMNC and bone marrow hematopoiesis tissue volume were determined. Resutls Hb, platelet, BMNC and bone marrow hematopoiesis tissue volume obviously increased in groups FZYYT and CsA compared with AA group, and were the highest in group FZYYT+CsA. Conclusion The results indicated that FZYYT was effective in the treatment of AA.