OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of the hospital-acquired infection among uremia patients.METHODS The clinical data of 187 cases of uremia were retrospectivety analyzed during from Apr 2003 to Dec 2006.RESULTS There were 61 cases with hospital-acquired infection.The infection rate was 32.6%.The repiratory(54.1%) and urinary(21.3%) systems were the main infection sites.The main pathogens were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis,S.aureus and fungi.The related factors were renal function,serum albumin,hemoglobin,duration in hospital,age and invasive medical procedures.CONCLUSIONS The hospital-acquired infection with uremia is with higher rate in respiratory system.The risk factors are renal failure,decrease in serum albumin and hemoglobin,abuse use of antibiotics and invasive medical procedures and deserve corresponding nursing strategy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intervention measures on perioperative preventative application of antibiotics. METHODS: 120 surgery patients in our hospital were collected and studied comparatively before (Jul.～Dec. of 2006) and after carrying out intervention measures (Jul.～Dec. of 2008). RESULTS: The rational utilization rate of antibiotic during perioperative period increased from 0% (before intervention) to 56.7 % (after intervention). Average admission day and average medication duration after operation both were shortened (P

Objective To investigate the correlation between drug-resistant genes and mobile genetic elements in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli,and to explore phylogeny among the strains.MethodsTotally 20 strains of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli were collected from Pan' an Hospital,Zhejiang Province during June 2009 and June 2010.Beta-lactam-resistance genes,aminoglycoside-resistance genes,genetic markers of mobile genetic elements were analyzed by PCR.Index and sample cluster analysis were performed on above results. Results In 20 strains of Escherichia coli,4 kinds of beta-lactamresistance genes,4 kinds of aminoglycoside-resistance genes,and 5 kinds of genetic markers of mobile genetic elements were detected.Index cluster analysis showed that correlation existed between resistance genes TEM,CTX-M-1,aadA5 and mobile genetic elements traA,IS26,ISEcpl; and correlation also existed between resistance genes OXA-1,aac(6′)-Ⅰ b,ant(3)-Ⅰ,rmtB and mobile genetic elements trbC,IS903.Sample cluster analysis showed that this group of Escherichia coli could be divided into 2 groups which were genetically different.ConclusionsDrug-resistant genes in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli are correlated with mobile genetic elements.Sample cluster analysis can reveal phylogeny among the strains,which is important for hospital infection control.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the blood concentration of tacrolimus ( Tac) and serum cystatin C ( SCysC) and serum creatinine (Scr) in the patients with renal transplantation. Methods:Totally 84 cases of renal transplantation patients (67 male/17 female) treated with Tac were involved. The blood concentration of Tac, SCysC and Scr were monitored after the operation. Data results were categorized according to the postoperative time and the blood concentration. The correlations of Tac blood concentra-tion,SCysC and Scr were analyzed and compared by using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The blood concentration of Tac was not significantly associated with SCysC and Scr in different postoperative time groups and different drug concentration groups ( P >0. 05). As the extension of time,the blood concentration of Tac showed a gradual declining trend, while SCysC and Scr levels de-creased first, and then increased gradually after two years of the operation. Conclusion:The blood concentration of Tac has no effect on the function evaluation of transplanted kidney by the biochemical indicators such as SCysC and Scr.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether non-linear blending technique for arterial-phase dual-energy abdominal CT angiography (CTA) could improve image quality compared to the linear blending technique and conventional 120 kVp imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 118 patients who had accepted dual-energy abdominal CTA in the arterial phase. They were assigned to Sn140/80 kVp protocol (protocol A, n = 40) if body mass index (BMI) < 25 or Sn140/100 kVp protocol (protocol B, n = 41) if BMI > or = 25. Non-linear blending images and linear blending images with a weighting factor of 0.5 in each protocol were generated and compared with the conventional 120 kVp images (protocol C, n = 37). The abdominal vascular enhancements, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and radiation dose were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance test, independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Mean vascular attenuation, CNR, SNR and subjective image quality score for the non-linear blending images in each protocol were all higher compared to the corresponding linear blending images and 120 kVp images (p values ranging from < 0.001 to 0.007) except for when compared to non-linear blending images for protocol B and 120 kVp images in CNR and SNR. No significant differences were found in image noise among the three kinds of images and the same kind of images in different protocols, but the lowest radiation dose was shown in protocol A. CONCLUSION: Non-linear blending technique of dual-energy CT can improve the image quality of arterial-phase abdominal CTA, especially with the Sn140/80 kVp scanning.
Adult ; Aged ; Angiography/*methods ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observer Variation ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Radiography, Abdominal/*methods ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

In order to understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of vaccination against influenza, pneumonia, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes zoster (HZ), COVID-19, and hepatitis B among staff of vaccination units in Shandong Province, a sample survey was conducted among 797 staffs of adult vaccination units in 12 counties (cities and districts) of Shandong Province from August to September 2022. The results showed that the respondents had the highest total score of knowledge and attitude for the COVID-19 vaccine, with the M ( Q1, Q3) of 23 (20, 25) and 10 (10, 10), respectively, and had the lowest score of knowledge and attitude for the herpes zoster vaccine, with the M ( Q1, Q3) of 19 (15, 22) and 8 (8, 10), respectively. The vaccine-related knowledge point"vaccine applicable population"had the highest score, with the M (Q1, Q3) of 26 (23, 30). The "contraindications/adverse reactions" and "adverse reaction management" had the lowest score, with the M (Q1, Q3) of 24 (20, 29) and 24 (20, 28), respectively. About 89.71% of respondents received one adult vaccine within two years at least. The principal driver for vaccination of 53.58% of recipients was their understanding of vaccines, which was"it was necessary to receive the vaccine". About 66.00% of respondents who had not received any adult vaccine in the past two years had insufficient awareness of the necessity of vaccination and believed that they were in good health and did not need to receive it. In summary, the staff of adult vaccination units in Shandong Province have a poor understanding of the herpes zoster vaccine in terms of vaccines and a relatively poor understanding of"contraindications/adverse reaction and management"in adult vaccination knowledge points.

In order to understand the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of vaccination against influenza, pneumonia, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes zoster (HZ), COVID-19, and hepatitis B among staff of vaccination units in Shandong Province, a sample survey was conducted among 797 staffs of adult vaccination units in 12 counties (cities and districts) of Shandong Province from August to September 2022. The results showed that the respondents had the highest total score of knowledge and attitude for the COVID-19 vaccine, with the M ( Q1, Q3) of 23 (20, 25) and 10 (10, 10), respectively, and had the lowest score of knowledge and attitude for the herpes zoster vaccine, with the M ( Q1, Q3) of 19 (15, 22) and 8 (8, 10), respectively. The vaccine-related knowledge point"vaccine applicable population"had the highest score, with the M (Q1, Q3) of 26 (23, 30). The "contraindications/adverse reactions" and "adverse reaction management" had the lowest score, with the M (Q1, Q3) of 24 (20, 29) and 24 (20, 28), respectively. About 89.71% of respondents received one adult vaccine within two years at least. The principal driver for vaccination of 53.58% of recipients was their understanding of vaccines, which was"it was necessary to receive the vaccine". About 66.00% of respondents who had not received any adult vaccine in the past two years had insufficient awareness of the necessity of vaccination and believed that they were in good health and did not need to receive it. In summary, the staff of adult vaccination units in Shandong Province have a poor understanding of the herpes zoster vaccine in terms of vaccines and a relatively poor understanding of"contraindications/adverse reaction and management"in adult vaccination knowledge points.

In the original publication of the article the keywords are incorrectly online published. The correct keywords should read as α-Conotoxin; Nicotinc acetylcholine receptor; Acetylcholine binding protein; X-ray crystallography".

The α3* nAChRs, which are considered to be promising drug targets for problems such as pain, addiction, cardiovascular function, cognitive disorders etc., are found throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. The α-conotoxin (α-CTx) LvIA has been identified as the most selective inhibitor of α3β2 nAChRs known to date, and it can distinguish the α3β2 nAChR subtype from the α6/α3β2β3 and α3β4 nAChR subtypes. However, the mechanism of its selectivity towards α3β2, α6/α3β2β3, and α3β4 nAChRs remains elusive. Here we report the co-crystal structure of LvIA in complex with Aplysia californica acetylcholine binding protein (Ac-AChBP) at a resolution of 3.4 Å. Based on the structure of this complex, together with homology modeling based on other nAChR subtypes and binding affinity assays, we conclude that Asp-11 of LvIA plays an important role in the selectivity of LvIA towards α3β2 and α3/α6β2β3 nAChRs by making a salt bridge with Lys-155 of the rat α3 subunit. Asn-9 lies within a hydrophobic pocket that is formed by Met-36, Thr-59, and Phe-119 of the rat β2 subunit in the α3β2 nAChR model, revealing the reason for its more potent selectivity towards the α3β2 nAChR subtype. These results provide molecular insights that can be used to design ligands that selectively target α3β2 nAChRs, with significant implications for the design of new therapeutic α-CTxs.
Animals ; Aplysia ; Binding Sites ; Conotoxins ; chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; chemistry