Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical effectors which play important roles both in anti-tumor and anti-virus immune responses.Through T cell receptors(TCRs),CTLs can specifically recognize MHC- Ⅰ -peptides complexes presented on the surface of target cells,and then release biological substances such as perforin and granzymes into the target cells and dissolve them.Since the significant potential value of CTLs,more and more people are focusing on its basic and appliedstudies.Most researches are about the transformation of the TCR gene.With the development of molecular biology,cloning and transduction of TCR gene have been more mature.Researchers are finding ways to ensure that TCR gene expresses efficiently and assemble correctly.

Objective To define whether correlation exists between the enlargement of lateral ventricles and motor development delay. Methods Motor development was assessed with Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (PDMS) in 28 children with cerebral palsy. Correlation between computerized tomography (CT) findings of enlargement of lateral ventricles (ventricle index,body index,width index and frontal horn index) and motor quotients of PDMS(GMQ,FMQ and TMQ) was analyzed. Results Width index was correlated with all three motor quotients (GMQ,FMQ and TMQ)( P

ObjectiveTo compare the responsiveness and precision between the 66 items version of Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM-66) and 88 items version(GMFM-88).Methods173 children with cerebral palsy(male 126,female 47) who have received twice assessments were involved.All the second assessment were performed 3.8±4.3 months later.112 children received the third assessment 3.2±2.2 months after the second assessment.The effect size and relative precision between the GMFM-66 and GMFM-88 were analyzed.ResultsThe effect size of GMFM-66 between every two assessments was nearly the same as those of GMFM-88.The precision of GMFM-66 was not lower than that of GMFM-88.ConclusionThe interval-scale GMFM-66 has satisfying responsiveness and precision.It is more useful than GMFM-88 in measuring the treating effect of children with cerebral palsy.

It is very important to have a clear and widely accepted definition and classification for clinical diagnosis, rehabilitation, research and social support of children with cerebral palsy, as well as in establishing a regional, national and global monitoring database. There are some new changes about the definition, clinical types and function classification of cerebral palsy recently domestic and abroad, which pay more attention to assessments on function and participation in daily life.

BACKGROUND: Fine motor function impairment is the most common complication in various eneephalopathy in children and is the key factor to hinder the normal development. Acupuncture injection brings not only the stimulation of needling but also the pharmaceutical action into play. In combination with occupational therapy,it improves probably the therapeutic effects.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis based on the patients.SETTING: Rehabilitation center of a university-affiliated hospital.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effective method for the treatment of fine motor function impairment of children with encephalopathy.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 31 children with encephalopathy were admitted in clinic of the hospital from November 2001 to October 2002. Inclusion criteria: ① To conform to the diagnostic criteria on cerebral palsy and metal retardation. ② Age<5 years old. ③ Having be assessed with peabody developmental motor scale-fine motor(PDMS-FM) before and after treatment.Exclusion criteria: ① To be less than one session treatment. ② To suffer from progressive disorders and palsy caused by various encephalitis and encephalopathy. ③ Transient delayed motor development . Of those patients,19 cases were male,12 cases female,aged varied from 4 months to 5years. 94% of patients were younger than 3 years old. Twenty cases were in full-term delivery. Eleven cases were born prematurely.METHODS: Thirty-one patients were treated primarily with acupunc ture injection in combination with occupational therapy. Assessment was carried on with PDMS-FM.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: To observe the motor improvement in children with encephalopathy. Secondary results: To observe the changes in fine motor quotient (FMQ) before and after treatment.RESULTS: FMQ was increased in 21 cases(68%),grasp capacity index was elevated in 27 cases(87%) and capacity index of visual perception was improved in 31 cases.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture has firmly achieved remarkable therapeutic effects on fine motor function impairment in children with encephalopatby in combination with occupational therapy.

Objective To analyze the psychometric properties of the Fine Motor Function Measure Scale (FMFM) with cerebral palsied children less than 3 years old. Methods Three hundred and seventy-five children less than 3 years old with cerebral palsy were involved. The test-retest reliability, inter-tester reliability, correlation validity and structural validity of the FMFM were analyzed, as well as the responsiveness. Results The test-retest reliability (ICC = 0. 983 3 ) and the inter-tester reliability (ICC = 0. 992 4) of the FMFM were satisfactory. The correlation index between the raw FMFM scores and scores on the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale——Fine Motor was 0.919 9. The FMFM could clearly distinguish differences in fine motor function between the affected side and the intact side in children with hemiplegia. The differences in fine motor function between children with diplegia and quadriplegia could also be distinguished by the FMFM. The effect size of this scale was also good. Conclusion The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the FMFM were satisfying. The fine motor functioning of children with cerebral palsy could be effectively measured using the FMFM scale.

In Europe Registration Management for Cerebral Palsy (CP) has been widely carried out, which collects various related information and systematically manages the rehabilitation of children with CP by uniform database. Chinese Registration Management for Cerebral Palsy fitted with Chinese situations should be established as soon as possible which will benefit the following: to provide more samples for scientific research on cerebral palsy; to promote social awareness and attention for CP children by multiple side participation; to help policymaker to plan more suitable policies for CP children and their families. The main problems needed to resolve are unification of the diagnosis, clinical types and function classification of cerebral palsy.

Objective To explore the distribution and correlation of gross motor function and manual ability in 4～12 year old children with cerebral palsy of different types. Methods 143 children with cerebral palsy (CP) were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions. They were assessed with Chinese version of Gross Motor Function Classification System （GMFCS） and Manual Ability Classification System （MACS）. Results The classification of GMFCS and MACS was Ⅰ～Ⅱ in 33 (60.0%) children with spastic diplegia; Ⅲ～Ⅴ in 28 (75.7%) children with spastic quadriplegia; Ⅰ in 21 (55.3%) children with spastic hemiplegia, and GMFCS Ⅱ in 2 children, MACS Ⅱ in 14 children. There was moderate correlation between GMFCS and MACS （r=0.67，P<0.05）. Conclusion GMFCS and MACS can be used to determine the gross motor function and manual ability in CP children of different types.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of acupuncture point injection for fine motor functions in children with cerebral palsy.Methods57 children with cerebral palsy were treated by acupuncture point injection combined with occupational therapy. The efficacy was evaluated by the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Fine Motor (PDMS-FM).ResultsThe fine motor quotient (FMQ) of 34 children (59.7%) elevated. The raw scores of grasping subtest (Gr) elevated in 45 children (78.9%) and the raw scores of visual-motor integration (VI) elevated in 53 children (93.0%).ConclusionThe efficacy of acupuncture point injection combined with occupational therapy is significant in children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To quantify the effect of motor-developmental Tuina therapy on 61children with cerebral palsy. Methods: All the children received the motor-developmental Tuina therapy for 20 min each time, 3 to 6 times per week. The gross motor functions of the children were evaluated by GMFM 66. The baseline period evaluations in 15 children and follow-up period evaluations in 26 children were performed. Results: GMFM 66 score significantly increased at the end of treatment period (P<0.001). The GMFM 66 score changes per month in treatment period was significantly greater than those of both baseline period and follow-up period (P<0.001). Conclusion: The effect of motor-developmental Tuina therapy was notable on children with cerebral palsy. Continuous progress of the gross motor functions in these children may be obtained by continuous therapy.