Prostate apoptosis response gene-4(par-4)was first identified from the prostate tissue.This gene can express in both normal and cancer cells.The translation product of par-4 is prostate apoptosis response protein-4 ( Par-4 ) , which is unique in its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while leaving the normal cells unaffected through intracellular and extracellular pathway.Par-4 is cleaved and phosphorylated by caspase3 and PKA; Par-4 transportsFas/FasL tocell membrane and activation of pro-apoptotic pathway;intracellular Par-4 transports GPR78 to cell membrane;extracellular Par-4 binds to GRP78 and activates it.There is a significant potential role in anti-tumors therapy of extracellular Par-4.The latest research progress on the mechanism of apoptosis induced by Par-4 and the treatment of exogenous Par-4 in tumor was discussed in this article.

c-Met is one member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).It is closely related between the over-expression of c-Met and a wide variety of tumor occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, prognosis and drug resistance.Therefore, c-Met is a potential target for oncotherapy, and researches on its inhibitors have become a hot spot in the field of tumor treatment.Aptamers targeting c-Met are gained from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX).They can bind to c-Met with high specificity and affinity, resulting in the activation or inhibition of c-Met.We envision that anti-c-Met aptamers would be ideal new c-Met inhibitors after optimization, and could be developed into potential targeted drugs for cancers.

OBJECTIVETo compare the neuroprotective effects of intracarotid cold saline infusion (ICSI), ice cap and systemic cooling in rats with early cerebral ischemia.

METHODSSD rats were randomly divided into model group, ice cap group, systemic cooling group and ICSI group (n=13). Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h. In the 3 hypothermic groups, the target temperature of 33-34 degrees celsius; was achieved and maintained for 20 min. In each group, the neurological scores were recorded at 48 h after the reperfusion, and the brains were removed for measuring the infarct size using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The brain water contents and serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were also measured.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, the ice cap, systemic cooling and ICSI groups all showed significantly reduced infarct size by 27.4% (P<0.05), 47.6% (P<0.01) and 61.6% (P<0.01), respectively. The systemic cooling and ICSI groups, but not the ice cap group, had significantly lower brain water contents than the model group (P<0.05). Among the 3 hypothermic methods, only ICSI significantly improved the neurological scores (P<0.05) and reduced serum NSE and S100β levels (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONOf the 3 hypothermic groups, ICSI has the best neuroprotective effects, and systemic cooling produces better effect than ice cap in rats with ischemic stroke.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; therapy ; Cryotherapy ; methods ; Hypothermia, Induced ; methods ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Sodium Chloride ; administration & dosage

Cerebral developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is a kind of benign vascular malformation that mainly occurs supratentorially.Its diagnosis mainly depends on imaging examination.It is often misdiagnosed or missed because of low incidence and atypical clinical manifestations.This article reviews the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,imaging features,and prognosis of DVA.

Fornix infarction is a kind of cerebral infarction in special sites with memory disorder as its main manifestation, which is rare in clinical practice. Because the isolated fornix infarction is not often accompanied by obvious positive signs of nervous system, the patients complained fewer symptoms. The related manifestations were mostly provided by family members, which is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. This article reviews fornix infarction from the aspect of anatomy, blood supply, infarction etiology, clinical manifestations, possible mechanisms, and imaging features by summarizing the available case reports.