The incidence of cerebral watershed infarction is higher.At present,the correlation studies of cerebral watershed infarction and cerebral vascular stenosis are mostly limited to the guilty vascular lesions,and the atherosclerotic disease is a chronic systemic inflammatory response.It often exists multiple vascular stenosis.This article elaborates cerebral watershed infarction from the aspects of carotid artery complicated with other parts of the arterial stenosis,middle cerebral artery complicated with other parts of the artery stenosis and collateral circulation in order to improve the awareness of the correlation between watershed cerebral infarction and multiple cerebral artery stenosis.

Objective To summarize the experience of establishing a split liver transplantation pig model using extracorporeal normothermic machine perfusion (NMP).Methods Twenty miniature pigs were purchased with ten as donors and another ten as receptors.The graft was spliced along Taira line and the right half was reserved for transplantation.Hemodynamics and bile production volume were monitored,and blood biochemical and blood gas analysis indicators were detected during machine perfusion.Pathological change was observed by HE stain.Hemodynamics during liver transplantation,5-day survival rate and the cause of death were recorded.Results Hemodynamic,biochemical and blood gas analysis indicators remained stable during NMP.All receptor pigs were successfully extubated and awake after surgery.Two receptors died on the second day after the operation.The 5-day survival rate was 80％.Conclusion The split liver transplantation pig model using extracorporeal normothermic machine perfusion is feasible and appropriate,and it lays the foundation for further investigation.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor,and the dose distribution highly conforms to tumor target area in three-dimension.However,the factors such as complex beam,data error,algorithm error and machine error may cause large dose deviation in intensity-modulated radiation therapy,which may lead to unnecessary radiation accident.Therefore,standing on the patients' safety point of view,dose verification is usually performed before executing the treatment plan in order to ensure the safe implementation of the treatment plan and to avoid un-planned irradiation dose.Currently,there are many tools and methods of dose verification in clinic,including point dose verification tools like finger-shaped ionization chamber and thermoluminescence dosimeter;two-dimensional dose verification tools like Mapcheck,MatriXX and films;three-dimensional dose verification tools like ArcCHECK,Delta4 and the third-party software.These common clinical dose verification methods are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To apply a non-invasive and feasible method for the quantification of local wall shear stress (WSS) in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The fight common carotid artery of a young healthy male volunteer was examined using cine phase-contrast MR sequence. The cross- sectional area, average flow velocity, maximum velocity and flow rate were obtained. Three dimensional paraboloid model was applied to measure WSS value at common carotid artery. Results The mean/peak WSS was (0.75±0.41)N/m2 for the common carotid artery; The mean (range) velocity was (23.4± 12.0) cm/s; The mean (range) luminal vessel area was (32.2±2.9) mm2; The blood flow rate was (7.8±4. 6) ml/s; Conclusion WSS's magnitude, distribution and changes can be determined by MR imaging combining with the three-dimensional paraboloid method.

Objective To investigate clinical service delivered at the Polyclinic of Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Village and outcomes of the medical patients visited there.to provide experiences in medical care service for other mass-gatherings in the future.Methads Clinical data of all the medical patients evaluated at the Polyclinic during July 27 to August 27 and during August 29 to September 19,2008 were reviewed retrospectively.with univariate and multivariate analyses.Results In total.1537 and 1206 medical patients visited the Polyclinic at the Olympic and Paralympic Village,respectively.Proportion of athletes visited was hisher during the Paralympic Games than that during the Olympic Games(14.2% vs.9.8%,P<0.01).We reeeived 775 patients(50.4%)with acute respiratory tract disorders,including 16 cases(1.0%)with asthma,during the Olympic Games,and 686(56.9%),including eight cases (0.7%)with asthma,during the Paralympic Games,and antibiotics were prescribed for 149(9.7%)and162(13.4%)of them,respectively.Twelve(0.8%)patients were hospitalized during the Olympic Games and four(0.3%)during the Paralyrnpie Games,and age equal to or nlore than 55 years and digestive disease were independent risk factors for hospitalization,with odds ratios(ORs) of 5.3 and 9.5 and their 95% confidence intervals(Cls)of 1.4-19.6 and 2.5-36.4,respectively.Conclusions Acute respiratory disorder was the most connnon cause for medical visits in the Polyclinic.Asthma did not play a significant role to iniluence athletes'performance in the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games.Antibiotic prescription in the Polyclinic had been controled to an acceptable level.Conditions in elder patients and those with digestive disorder tended to be severe.deserving more attention infuture's mass gathering.

Objective To study the relationship between nitric oxide within cervical microenvironment and different HPV types as well as the effect of sodium nitroprusside( SNP), a nitric oxide donor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cell lines. Methods HPV typing test was assessed from 115 women by using high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) 21 typing test and the release of cervical nitric oxide(NO) was assessed as nitrate, nitrite in cervical fluid. Cervical NO was then compared between women showing different HPV types. Proliferation of Caski and HeLa cervical cells was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after 24 hours treated by different final concentration of SNP (0. 125,0. 25,0. 5,1.0 and 2. 0 mmol/L, respectively). The expressions of HPV E6,E7 gene mRNA and p53 protein were detected by SYBR Green Ⅰ quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results ( 1 ) The cervical NO release of women with HR-HPV was higher compared to that in HPV negative women [ (47. 6 ± 1.4) μmol/L vs ( 22. 8 ± 0. 3 ) μmol/L; P ＜ 0. 05 ]; but there was no statistical difference between low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) group [ (24. 1 ± 1.2 ) μmol/L] and control group (P ＞0. 05 ). (2)After 24 hours treated by different final concentration of SNP, the results shown that SNP could inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis rate in Caski and HeLa cells, in which the concentration of SNP ≥ 1.0 mmol/L , there were significantly different ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while when SNP ≥2. 0mmol/L, the proliferation of cells inhibited seriously. Treated by SNP ( 1.0 mmol/L ) 24 hours, the expressions of HPV18 E6, E7 mRNA in HeLa cells were reduced from 27. 362 ±0. 191,22. 962 ±0. 053 to19. 181 ±0. 360, 17. 571 ±0. 010 and the protein expression of p53 increased from 1. 17 ±0. 03 to 0. 23 ±0. 05, there were statistically significant differences between adding SNP group and the control group ( P ＜0. 05); but there were no statistically significant differences in HPV16 E6, E7 mRNA and that of p53 in Caski cells( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The presence of HR-HPV is associated with an increased release of NO in the human uterine cervix; NO could inhibit the growth and proliferation and enhance the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells, inhibit the expression of HPV18 E6, E7 mRNA in HeLa cells and activate the expression of p53 protein, the mechanism may be due to higher sensitivity of HeLa cells (cervical adenocarcinoma cell) to SNP. The increasing release of NO may play a role in regulating the elimination of HPV in cervical microenvironment, which is a part of mucous membrane immunity.

Objective · To investigate the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in regulating ocular neovascularization (NV). Methods · Expression of IL-10 was investigated in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and transgenic mice with VEGF expression in photoreceptors by immunofluorescence,RT-PCR, and Western blotting. Mice deficient in IL-10 were used to test the effect of IL-10 in retinal, sub-retinal, and choroidal NV. Results · In OIR mice and transgenic mice with VEGF expression in photoreceptors, the staining intensity and mRNA expression of IL-10 were increased. Mice deficient in IL-10 showed a significant reduction in ischemia-induced retinal NV, and choroidal NV at rupture sites in Bruch's membrane. Mice lacking IL-10 showed reduced levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and suppression of ischemia-induced expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 1. Macrophage was regulated and reduced in ischemic retina of mice with IL-10 deficiency. Conclusion · IL-10 stimulates ocular NV through modulation of HIF-1α and its target genes VEGF and VEGF receptor 1. IL-10 promotes ocular NV via macrophage response to retina ischemia.

Objective To reconstruct 16?bit images of metal implants using the extended function of computed tomography ( CT) imaging, and to analyze the effect of the metal CT value on calculation of dose distribution by evaluation of metal CT values in different scanning conditions. Methods A stainless steel rod and a titanium rod were inserted in a phantom. The 12?and 16?bit images and CT value distribution of metal implants were obtained by scanning the phantom using 120 kV tube voltage and 230 mA tube current. The 16?bit images and CT value distribution of metal implants were obtained by scanning the phantom using fixed tube current ( 230 mA) with varied tube voltage ( 100, 120, and 140 kV) or fixed tube voltage ( 120 kV) with varied tube current ( 180, 230, and 280 mA) . In the Varian treatment planning system, a single?field plan and a parallel?opposed field plan were designed based on the CT images. The dose distribution was calculated and compared by the paired t test. Results The CT values of the stainless steel rod and the titanium rod were both 3 071 HU in 12?bit CT images. In 16?bit CT images;however, the CT value of the stainless steel rod was significantly larger than that of the titanium rod. There were no significant differences in CT value of 16?bit image and dose distribution in radiotherapy plan between three scanning conditions with different tube currents. Under three scanning conditions with different tube voltages, the maximum CT values were 13 568, 13 127, and 12 295 HU for the stainless steel rod and 8 420, 7 140, and 6 310 HU for the titanium rod, respectively. Conclusions High?density metal implants cannot be distinguished by 12?bit images, while the distribution of metal CT value can be obtained by 16?bit images. The dose distribution of metal implants based on 12?bit images is different from that based on 16?bit images. Changes in tube voltage cause substantial changes in the CT value for metal implants, leading to changes in dose distribution in radiotherapy. Variation of tube current within a certain range causes slight changes in metal CT value and dose distribution.

OBJECTIVE:To presume the structures and determine the contents of two metabolites of omeprazole in human urine after extraction and purification.METHODS:24 healthy volunteers were assigned to receive single oral dose of 40mg omepazole capsules,whose urinary samples collected within 12 hours after administration were extracted and concentrated with diethyl ether,and separated by HPLC.The relative purified metabolites were detected by mass spectrum,the structures of which were presumed and the contents were computed.RESULTS: The isolated 2 metabolites of omeprazole were presumed to be pyridine 5'— or 3'— methyl oxidation-generated hydroxy sulfone metabolite and 5'—methy hydroxylation thioether metabolite in pyridine ring,and the contents of which were 96.54% and 97.26%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The metabolites of omeprazole isolated from urinary samples by the method mentioned above were of high purity.

Objective:To study the alveolar bone morphology in the anterior teeth area of the skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion subjects with different vertical skeletal types.Methods:64 patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion and 15 subjects with normal occlusion were included.The alveolar bone structure of the anterior teeth were observed using CBCT.Results:The labial and lingual alveolar bone height and the alveolar bone thickness of the incisors of the patients were much lower than those of the normal controls.The height of labial and lingual alveolar bone and the alveolar bone thickness of anterior teeth in high-angle subgroup were lower than those in low-angle subgroup.Conclusion:The thickness of the anterior teeth alveolar bone of skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion is low,espe-cially in the high-angle group.