Objective To study the relation between the regulation of mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) level and pulmonary tuber‐culosis(TB) susceptibility .Methods A total of 142 inpatients with pulmonary TB and 120 healthy controls were recruited to par‐ticipate in this case‐control study .Serum MBL level was detected ,meanwhile the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was adopted to detect MBL2 gene polymorphism .Results The one‐way analysis of variance was adopted to analyze the MBL level in different genotype groups ,including the group YA/YA ,XA/YA ,XA/XA ,YA/YB ,XA/YB and YB/YB ,it was found that the MBL level had statistical differences among 3 groups and between any two groups(P<0 .01) .The MBL level in the pulmonary TB group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P< 0 .01) .Among the healthy controls ,the MBL level in 93 .2% individuals(55/59) carrying YA/YA genotype was>1 000 ng/mL ,while which in 100% individuals(26/26) carrying geno‐type XA/XA or allele B was≤1 000 ng/mL .Conclusion The MBL level may be associated with the susceptibility to pulmonary TB .The YA/YA gene for determining high MBL level may be a protected gene .

Phe) polymorphism and GD in Han population of Chongqing area.

Objective To study the serum levels of proinsulin(PI),insulin(INS),proamylin(PA) and amylin(AMY) in abnormal glucose metabolism individuals and to explore the relationship between PI and insulin resistance(IR) and between PA and islet beta cell function.Methods Totally 79 subjects who received Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and insulin release test in our department from March to May 2008 were divided into 4 groups according to the results of OGTT,that is,normal group,impaired glucose regulation(IGR) group,T2DM 1[fasting blood-glucose(FBG)15 mmol/L) group.All subjects underwent examination of anthropometry and serum bio-chemical indicators,HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were calculated.Results No significant difference was found in the serum levels of PI or AMY among the 4 groups,but the level of PA,PI/INS and PA/AMY among the 4 groups did have significant differences(P

Objective To investigate awareness about tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment and influence of professional training on TB detection among health-care workers (HCWs) in general hospitals.Methods In total,750 HCWs were trained for TB-related knowledge for eight class-hours in a two-day course in three general hospitals,and 20 HCWs from each of the three hospitals classified as grade 3A and grade 2A in urban Beijing and grade B at suburban Beijing,respectively,were interviewed with questionnaire designed to understand their awareness about TB prevention policy,epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment,and to evaluate effectiveness of the training,respectively.All the trainees responded before and after the training,with a hundred percent of response rate.TB diagnosis and reporting one year before training in the three hospitals were compared to those one year after it.Results Scores of knowledge about TB diagnosis and treatment averaged 64-80 for HCWs before training,with statistically significant difference among three hospital (F = 5.984,P ＜ 0.01).Scores increased after training,but without significant difference from those before it (P ＞ 0.05).Awareness of TB prevention policy,regulations and epidemiology was insufficient in most HCWs of those hospitals,with lowest and highest average scores of 38.3 and 71.7 before training,respectively,but scores increased significantly after training (P ＜ 0.01).Proportion of TB diagnosis with chest roentgenograph at grades 3A and 2A hospitals was significantly higher one month,three months and six months after training,as compared to that at suburban hospitals (P ＜0.01).There was significant decrease (P ＜ 0.01) in proportion of chest roentgenograph at respiratory departments in hospitals grade 3A and grade 2A after training.There was no significant difference in reporting of pulmonary TB and positive sputum smear (P ＞ 0.05) before and after training.Conclusions HCWs in general hospitals had experience and capacity in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB,but their knowledge of TB prevention policy and epidemiology was insufficient.Their ability in finding and reporting TB can not been improved with short-term training.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the curriculum setting of clinical pharmacy in higher institution of traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:Questionnaire survey was applied to investigate the work of clinical pharmacy in hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in Jiangsu province.The problems of clinical pharmacy were analyzed to explore training target and curriculum system of clinical pharmacy major with characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine.RESULTS:The curriculums of clinical pharmacy major in higher institution of traditional Chinese medicine were determined preliminary.CONCLUSION:Scientific and reasonable curriculum setting lay a strong foundation for the students to engage in the work of clinical pharmacy.

The frequency of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene (CCTTT) 14 allele was significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy group (0.044) than that in diabetics without nephropathy (0.170, P

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression (mRNA profiling) has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP ) in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.

Species identification of biological samples is widely used in such fields as forensic science and food industry. A variety of accurate and reliable methods have been developed in recent years. The cur-rent reviewshows common target genes and screening criteria suitable for species identification, and de-scribed various DNA-based molecular biology methods about species identification. Additionally, it dis-cusses the future development of species identification combined with real-time PCR and sequencing technologies.

Objective To investigate the change of serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) level in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, and to explore the related factors in the change.MethodsSerum lipid profile, plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in 186 type 2 diabetic patients, 565 nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics and 149 normal controls. Results (1) The fasting NEFA level in first-degree relatives was significantly lower than that of type 2 diabetic patients [(0.53±0.28 vs 0.63±0.31) mmol/L,P＜0.01]and HOMA-IR was significantly higher than that of normal controls (0.98±0.51 vs 0.89±0.47,P＜0.01). (2) The fasting NEFA level in the first-degree relatives with higher body mass index (BMI), plasma glucose or area under curve of glucose concentration (AUCglu) was higher than that in those with lower BMI, plasma glucose , blood pressure or AUCglu (all P＜0.05). (3) NEFA showed significantly positive correlations with BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AUCglu in the first-degree relatives by correlative analysis (r=0.12, r=0.148, r=0.21 and r=0.281 respectively, all P＜0.05). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that DBP, AUCglu and age were the independent risk factors of NEFA (all P＜0.01). Conclusion Insulin resistance exists in nondiabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, which seems to be related to elevated NEFA levels.

Objective To explore the variation and influential factors of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level in type 2 diabetic family members. Methods A total of 427 type 2 diabetic patients, 377 non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics and 135 normal control subjects without diabetic family history were recruited. Serum hs-CRP, clinical and biochemical parameters were measured. The relations among indicators were analyzed. Results Compared with normal control subjects, serum hs-CRP levels in type 2 diabetics and first-degree relatives were significantly increased (both P＜0.05), and the increment was even marked in type 2 diabetics than that in first-degree relatives (P＜0.01). The serum hs-CRP levels in type 2 diabetics and first-degree relatives were positively associated with body mass index, waist-hip ratio, abdominal circumference, postgrandial 2 h plasma glucose, fasting and postgrandial 2 h serum insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, creatinine and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In first-degree relatives, serum hs-CRP level was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and HOMA-β. Conclusion As in type 2 diabetic patients, there exists inflammatory reaction in the non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.