Objective To evaluate the effect of transitional care on the quality of life in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods 101 MHD patients with symptoms of kidney ＜ 80 points were assigned into the interventional group (47 of 51 cases completed the study) and the control group (45 of 50 cases completed the study) by random number table method.The patients in the interventional group received transitional care for 6 months,while control group received routine care.The effects on function index,satisfaction index and clinical index were evaluated at the 3rd month and 6th month after intervention.Results 6 months after intervention,the scores of physical composite,mental composite,burden of kidney disease,symptoms/problems list,effects of kidney disease in the interventional group were 51.78±5.91,55.32±5.36,29.79±17.64,79.39±6.73,68.02±11.38,while the scores of the control group were 38.22±9.46,42.03±8.32,19.58±17.25,69.49±10.10,52.09±16.78,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.308-9.063,Z=-3.07,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of self-management behavior,health locus of control in the interventional group were 71.30-±5.42,25.74±2.42,while the scores of the control group were 65.0±8.74,22.47±3.97 (t=4.132,4.759,P ＜ 0.01).The nursing satisfaction in the interventional group scored 91.06±7.29,which was significantly higher than the control group scored 86.22±10.72 (Z=-2.45,P＜ 0.05).The level of serum phosphorus (PO4),Ca × PO4 products,parathormone (PTH) in the interventional group were (1.76±0.35) mmol/L,(51.02±10.04) mg2/dl2,464.56 ng/L,which were significanlty lower than (2.01±0.54) mmol/L,(57.41±17.38) mg2/dl2,625.78 ng/L in the control group (t=-2.691,-2.167,-2.000 in tum,P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).Conclusions Transitional care achieves good effectiveness on the quality of life in patients with MHD.

In order to promote our country's research on transitional care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD),the article summarized research progress on transitional care for patients with CKD,analysed the problems existed including lack of evidence-based basis,insugiciency of Intervention staff,one-sided intervention content and effect evaluation,etc,and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.

Objective To study the disease trend of Keshan in Hubei Province and provide a basis for scientifically making control and prevention strategy.Methods According to Chinese Surveillance Plan of Keshan Disease,physical examination and electrocardiogram were done for surveillance subjects and suspected patients were filmed chest X-ray in Keshan disease areas.Results Totally 4 822 people were monitored from 2007-2014.The numbers of females (2 589,53.69％) were more than those of the males (2 233,46.31％).The group of people under the age of 15 accounted for 52.47％ (2 530/4 822) which was higher than that of the group over the age of 55 (19.14％,923/4 822).The rate of electrocardiographic abnormality was the highest in 2011 (61.33％,268/ 437) and the lowest in 2014 (5.61％,23/410).In the eight years,only potential type of Keshan disease patients were detected,and the incidences from 2007 to 2014 were all lower than 3％ and had a decreasing trend yearly.No Keshan patient was detected in 2012-2014.Ninety-one suspected cases were taken chest X-ray.Most of the suspected cases (63.74％,58/91) had normal cardiothoracic ratio.The cardiothoracic ratio increased,excepting one,other 32 were all potential type Keshan disease patients.Conclusions The disease trend of Keshan disease in Hubei Province is weak.Nevertheless,surveillance and health education are indispensable,in case the disease relapses.

Objectives:To study the clinical characteristics of myopia in children and the measures to prevent it. Methods:748 patients with myopia were analyzed by refraction examination. Results:By the classification of the causes of myopia, the simple myopia constitutes the majority. By the degrees of the disease, the number of mild myopia was the first and moderate myopia was the second. By the patterns,the amount of compound myopic astigmatism was the majority. The correction of simple myopia or mild and moderate myopia was the most effective way. Of the patients(4～14 years), the age of 12 years had the highest myopia rate. Conclusions:To pay great attention to the prevention works of myopia in grade school years. Correcting refraction exactly and on time is an effective method to slow down the progression of myopia in children.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Bailing capsules on the expression of TGF-β1 in the peritoneal dialysis solution for peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Totally 40 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis ( PD) were randomly divided into two groups (20 cases in the control group and 20 cases in the experimental group). All the patients were treated with PD by 1. 5% perito-neal dialysis effluent (6 000 ml everyday), and the patients in the experimental group were additionally treated with Bailing capsules (5 capsules each time, three times a day after meals) for 6 months. The adequacy of PD (including Kt/V and Ccr) of the two groups was examined after the one-month treatment. The renal function and the level of TGF-β1 in the effluent in 1, 3 and 6 month were com-pared between the two groups. Results:The adequacy of PD ( Kt/V and Ccr ) had no significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 05). The level of serum creatine was decreased significantly in both groups after the one-month treatment (P<0. 05), and no significant change was shown in 3 and 6 month (P>0. 05). In the control group, the expression of TGF-β1 in the effluent in 1, 3 and 6 month was increased gradually with significant difference (P<0. 05). In the experimental group, the expression of TGF-β1 in the effluent had no significant difference in 1, 3 and 6 month (P>0. 05), which was lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Bailing capsules can decrease the expression of TGF -β1 in the effluent for the patients treated with PD and inhibit the peritoneal fibrosis.

Objective To study the difference on knowledge-attitude-practice about rational drug use in tumor patients between urban and rural in Shanxi province, and to provide evidence for further development on health education of rational drug use. Methods A questionnaire investigation was conducted among tumor inpatients in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from May 22 in 2014 to May 30 in 2014. Results A total of 990 tumor patients were involved, including 499 urban patients accounting for 50.4 % and 491 rural patients accounting for 49.6 %. The tumor patients′awareness rates of 'the purchase of antibiotics needs a prescription' in urban and rural areas were the highest, 74.9 % (374/499) and 67.0 % (329/491), respectively, and the awareness rates of 'the meaning of OTC on the medicine package' were the lowest, 22.0 % (110/499) and 18.1 % (89/491), respectively. 96.2%(480/499) urban and 92.7%(455/491) rural tumor patients had developed a correct attitude towards 'irrational drug use will affect health and even life-threatening' which ranked the highest, and the rates of correct attitude towards 'adverse drug reaction is the medical accident' were the lowest, 55.5 %(277/499) and 48.1 % (236/491), respectively. The correct behavior rates of 'read the drug instructions' in urban and rural tumor patients were the highest, 97.8% (488/499) and 95.1 % (467/491), respectively, and the correct behavior rates of 'the expired drug recovery to nearby regular pharmacy' were the lowest, 9.2 %(46/499) and 7.5 % (37/491), respectively. Conclusions The knowledge-attitude-practice about rational drug among urban and rural tumor patients in Shanxi province is not optimistic. It should be provided that individual health education in daily work in order to promote rational drug use, prolong survival time and improve the quality of life for tumor patients.

Objective To detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferengamma (IFN-γ) in brucellosis patients and to study the Th1 immune response in acute and chronic patients.Method Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma of 110 brucellosis patients,including 58 acute brucellosis patients and 52 chronic brucellosis patients,were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 2014 to 2015 in Zhangjiakou Infectious Disease Hospital.Results The serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma of 58 acute brucellosis patients were (38.2± 3.6) pg/L and (31.3 ± 3.7) ng/L,respectively;the serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma of 52 chronic brucellosis patients were (12.4 ± 2.6) pg/L and (8.8 ± 3.4) ng/L,respectively.The differences were statistically significant between acute and chronic patients (t =43.216,33.809,all P ＜ 0.05).The early cure rate,early base cure rate,improvement rate and inefficiency rate were 36.2％ (21/58),32.7％ (19/58),25.9％ (15/58)and 5.2％ (3/58),respectively in acute patients.Inversely,they were 17.3％ (9/52),13.5％ (7/52),15.4％ (8/52)and 53.8％ (28/52),respectively in chronic patients.The therapeutic effect was better in acutepatients than chronic patients (x2 =4.937,5.657,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It seems that acute brucellosis patients have a higher serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma and a better prognosis due to effective Th1 immune response,and chronic brucellosis patients are associated with poor outcome due to deficiency of Th1 immune response.

Objeetive To investigate the relationship among social avoidance and acceptance of disability in burn patients.Methods Totally 127 patients were investigated using Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS),Acceptance of Disability Scale (AODS),demographic information questionnaire and disease related information sheet.Results The points of burn patients' SADS was (21.38±6.75),One-way ANOVA showed that gender,marital status,special parts burns,amputation affected social avoidance significantly.The total score and factors scores of acceptance of disability were all negatively related to the score of social avoidance.Regression analysis showed that acceptance of disability,head burns,gender were the independent risk factors of depression.Conclusions Acceptance of disability were negatively related to social avoidance; Nurse can help them accept the reality of disability,develop the confidence to partici-pate in social communication,and improve the social adaptability.

Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae can form biofilms .The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm forma-tion of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the relationship with antibiotic resistance of penicillin etc . Methods A total of 147 clinical iso-lates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 7 teaching hospitals in Nanjing from 2010 to 2012.Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, erythromycin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were determined by agar dilution method .Streptococcus pneumoniae with various penicillin MIC was selected randomly as follow:MIC≤0.065μg/mL, 0.5μg/mL, 2μg/mL and≥4μg/mL, which was incuba-ted to form biofilms in 96-well plates and 24-well plates for 24 hours.The A values at 570 nm was measured and the biofilm was observed through confocal laser scanning microscope ( CLSM) . Results The biofilm semi-quantitative detection and CLSM both displayed that all strains formed biofilms.The A value of the group which penicillin MIC was ≤0.065μg/mL (0.228 ±0.063) was higher than the 0.5μg/mL group (0.200 ±0.061) and the≥4μg/mL group (0.186 ±0.050) (P<0.05) , and there was no difference among the groups which penicillin MIC were 0.5μg/mL, 2μg/mL and≥4μg/mL, respectively (P>0.05).The A value of the group which erythromycin MIC was ≤0.5μg/mL (0.211 ±0.068) was higher than the ≥4μg/mL group (0.201 ±0.052) (P>0.05).The A value of the group sensitive to cefuroxime (0.216 ±0.062) was higher than the group resistant to cefuroxime (0.196 ±0.054) (P<0.05). Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae can form biofilms .Streptococcus pneumoniae with high antibiotics MIC has a trend of weakened biofilm formation .

Objective To know the changing characteristics of residents' iodine nutritional status after eating salt with different iodine concentrations in Hubei Province,according to the assessment standard of iodine nutrition recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD provide a scientific standard for appropriate iodine concentration in edible salt.Methods According to inhabitants' salt and urine surveillance of Hubei in 2010,Xinzhou District,Tianmen City and Changyang County were selected for trial.Salt with two kinds of iodine content was used in 3 trial areas in 4 months for the study of community intervention.Before the intervention,3 months and 4 months after the intervention,urine samples of observed participants(40 from 8-10 old children,40 from pregnant women or lactating women and 40 from adults aged older than 18) were collected and tested.The urinary medians of different groups of people and at different times were calculated and compared.Results Three months and 4 months after the intervention,in those towns using iodized salt of (15 ± 3) mg/kg,the urinary medians of children,declined from 294.2 μg/L to 185.6,195.7 μg/L,respectively.The urinary medians of pregnant women or lactating women dropped from 269.0 μg/L to 141.7,176.1 μg/L.For adults aged 18 and older,the urinary medians changed from 304.9 μg/L to 199.7,202.2 μg/L.In those trial towns of using (25 ± 3)mg/kg iodized salt,the urinary medians of children,pregnant women or lactating women and adults older than 18 all went down from 301.1 μg/L to 229.7,253.8 μg/L,from 261.4.0 μg/L to 196.6 and 206.5 μg/L and from 379.7 μg/L to 244.3,237.4 μg/L,respectively.Conclusions According to the assessment standard of iodine nutrition recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD and the decreasing of urinary iodine median and per capita daily salt intake,salt with 25 mg/kg iodine is suitable as the average level of salt iodine concentration after the adjustment in Hubei Province.