Objective To investigate awareness about tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment and influence of professional training on TB detection among health-care workers (HCWs) in general hospitals.Methods In total,750 HCWs were trained for TB-related knowledge for eight class-hours in a two-day course in three general hospitals,and 20 HCWs from each of the three hospitals classified as grade 3A and grade 2A in urban Beijing and grade B at suburban Beijing,respectively,were interviewed with questionnaire designed to understand their awareness about TB prevention policy,epidemiology,diagnosis and treatment,and to evaluate effectiveness of the training,respectively.All the trainees responded before and after the training,with a hundred percent of response rate.TB diagnosis and reporting one year before training in the three hospitals were compared to those one year after it.Results Scores of knowledge about TB diagnosis and treatment averaged 64-80 for HCWs before training,with statistically significant difference among three hospital (F = 5.984,P ＜ 0.01).Scores increased after training,but without significant difference from those before it (P ＞ 0.05).Awareness of TB prevention policy,regulations and epidemiology was insufficient in most HCWs of those hospitals,with lowest and highest average scores of 38.3 and 71.7 before training,respectively,but scores increased significantly after training (P ＜ 0.01).Proportion of TB diagnosis with chest roentgenograph at grades 3A and 2A hospitals was significantly higher one month,three months and six months after training,as compared to that at suburban hospitals (P ＜0.01).There was significant decrease (P ＜ 0.01) in proportion of chest roentgenograph at respiratory departments in hospitals grade 3A and grade 2A after training.There was no significant difference in reporting of pulmonary TB and positive sputum smear (P ＞ 0.05) before and after training.Conclusions HCWs in general hospitals had experience and capacity in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB,but their knowledge of TB prevention policy and epidemiology was insufficient.Their ability in finding and reporting TB can not been improved with short-term training.

In this study ,we aimed to understand the sequence characteristics ,transmembrane structures ,line B cell epitopes present in the OMP18 from Campylobacter jejuni ,and provide candidate antigens for the antibody detection and vac-cine development .NCBI/Blast ,TMHMM Server V2 and DNA Star softwares were used for the OMP18 sequence analysis . Based on the ELISA ,the whole bacterial antibody IgG of Campylobacter jejuni was used for the identification of the predicted line B cell epitopes .The OMP18 gene was found conserved in different Campylobacter jejuni strains .The OMP18 was predic-ted to be located on the outer surface of the bacteria .And three line B cell epitopes were determined to be present in the OMP18 protein .As a conclusion ,the OMP18 protein was confirmed to be an important outer membrane protein ;three line B cell epitopes were identified in the OMP18 ,which could be further used for Campylobacter jejuni antibody detection and vaccine development .

Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae can form biofilms .The aim of this study was to investigate the biofilm forma-tion of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the relationship with antibiotic resistance of penicillin etc . Methods A total of 147 clinical iso-lates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 7 teaching hospitals in Nanjing from 2010 to 2012.Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, erythromycin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were determined by agar dilution method .Streptococcus pneumoniae with various penicillin MIC was selected randomly as follow:MIC≤0.065μg/mL, 0.5μg/mL, 2μg/mL and≥4μg/mL, which was incuba-ted to form biofilms in 96-well plates and 24-well plates for 24 hours.The A values at 570 nm was measured and the biofilm was observed through confocal laser scanning microscope ( CLSM) . Results The biofilm semi-quantitative detection and CLSM both displayed that all strains formed biofilms.The A value of the group which penicillin MIC was ≤0.065μg/mL (0.228 ±0.063) was higher than the 0.5μg/mL group (0.200 ±0.061) and the≥4μg/mL group (0.186 ±0.050) (P<0.05) , and there was no difference among the groups which penicillin MIC were 0.5μg/mL, 2μg/mL and≥4μg/mL, respectively (P>0.05).The A value of the group which erythromycin MIC was ≤0.5μg/mL (0.211 ±0.068) was higher than the ≥4μg/mL group (0.201 ±0.052) (P>0.05).The A value of the group sensitive to cefuroxime (0.216 ±0.062) was higher than the group resistant to cefuroxime (0.196 ±0.054) (P<0.05). Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae can form biofilms .Streptococcus pneumoniae with high antibiotics MIC has a trend of weakened biofilm formation .

ObjectiveTo study the modes of case finding and diagnosis for inpatients of active pulmonary tuberculosis with primary treatment.MethodsData of 1000 inpatients with active pulmonary tuberculosis input into a computer were analyzed retrospectively.including clinical symptoms,signs and relevant laboratory examinations.to evaluate their diagnostic value.ResultsAmong 1000 active tuberculosis case8 hospitalized with symptoms and signs,95.9 percent suffered by cough,77.7 percent by expectoration and 50.8 percent (n=508) by fever,and 51.5 percent (n=777) with strong positive purified protein defivative (PPD) skin test,61.5 percent with positive serum anti-tuberculosis antibody,48.8 percent with positive acid-fast staining on sputum smear and 57.9 percent with positive sputum bacteriologle culture.And,49.4 percent of the patients were diagnosed by laboratory positive sputum,and 50.6 percent of those with negative sputum were diagnosed by comprehensively clinical considerations,ineluding 51.6 percent positive PPD skin teat, or positive serum anti-tubereulosis antibody,but 48.4 percent of them were all negative in varied laboratory examinations.ConclusionsHospital visit due to symptom is the main method for tuberculosis finding in our country.All those with Cough for two or more weeks should be screened by routine examinations for excluding tuberculosis.Case finding rate Was low by sputum examinations.so comprehensive diagnosis is still important for those tuberculosis patients with negative sputum.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of one-stop liver magnetic resonance dynamic enhanced MRA for esophageal and gastric varces.Methods 82 patients with liver cirrhosis portal hypertension who were diagnosed by clinical and laboratory detect were taken,conducting liver horizontal scanning and multitemporal three dimensional dynamic enhanced scanning using Philips Achieva 1.5T MRI scanner,and then make maximum intensity projection(MIP) at work station to draw up portal vein image,observing the form and distribution of portal vein and its branches,meanwhile refer to cross sectional image to carefully observe whether there was cirsoid vein in esophagus and stomach,and further the source,degree and depth of cirsoid vein were compared,and whether there was cirsoid vein in other parts,and the pathological situation of liver.Compared with the result of gastroscope inspection,whether there is cirsoid vein in esophagus and stomach.Results The trunk and class-Ⅲ branches of portal vein of all patients had been clearly shown.In this team,there were esophageal and gastric varces in 78 patients,specifically including varices of fundus of stomach & esophageal varices in 27 patients,and varices of fundus of stomach and varices of body of stomach in 19 patients.Meanwhile,it diagnose 6 patients with liver cirrhosis and liver cancer and indicate 8 patients with liver cirrhosis nodule cancerization.The endoscope found out esophageal varices and varices of fundus of stomach in 68 patients,specifically including gastric varicesa and esophageal varices in 25 patients,sole gastric varicesa in 8 patients,and sole esophageal varices in 35 patients.Conclusion The one-stop liver three dimensional dynamic enhanced MRA is with great value in diagnosing the location and degree of esophageal varices and varices of fundus of stomach of patients with portal hypertension.The overall effect is better than endoscope.

The present study examined von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels and ADAMTS13 activity in pregnant and severe preeclamptic women in order to shed light on the prothrombotic state in severe preeclampsia. Thirty healthy women of childbearing age, 22 second trimester pregnant women, 30 third trimester pregnant women and 10 severe preeclamptic patients were recruited in this study. ADAMTS13 activity was determined by the FRETS-vWF73 assay and vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in plasma vWF antigen levels between the severe preeclamptic and third trimester pregnant women, between third and second trimester pregnant women (P<0.05). The third trimester pregnant women had significantly lower plasma ADAMTS13 activity than second trimester pregnant women (P<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant differences in plasma ADAMTS13 activity were found between severe preeclamptic patients and the third trimester pregnant women (P>0.05). In conclusion, plasma ADAMTS13 activity is normal in severe preeclampsia despite the increased vWF:Ag levels. Prothrombotic state is involved in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia, as a result of endothelial injury.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention and increased impulsivity. In recent years, a large number of genetic studies for ADHD have been published and related genetic data has been accumulated dramatically. To provide researchers a comprehensive ADHD genetic resource, we previously developed the first genetic database for ADHD (ADHDgene). The abundant genetic data provides novel candidates for further study. Meanwhile, it also brings new challenge for selecting promising candidate genes for replication and verification research. In this study, we surveyed the computational tools for candidate gene prioritization and selected five tools, which integrate multiple data sources for gene prioritization, to prioritize ADHD candidate genes in ADHDgene. The prioritization analysis resulted in 16 prioritized candidate genes, which are mainly involved in several major neurotransmitter systems or in nervous system development pathways. Among these genes, nervous system development related genes, especially SNAP25, STX1A and the gene-gene interactions related with each of them deserve further investigations. Our results may provide new insight for further verification study and facilitate the exploration of pathogenesis mechanism of ADHD.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; genetics ; Computer Simulation ; Databases, Genetic ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Software ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; genetics ; Syntaxin 1 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo make a study of the influence of the intervene of traditional Chinese medicine on cytokine level in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

METHODThe patients were divided into treatment group (group A), control group (group B) and healthy group (group C) with the randomly compared researching method. Group A were given Qianliening Tang (QLNT), daily potion, two times a day. Group B were given Qianliekang, three times a day, three pills each time. The course of both treatment lasted for 8 weeks.

RESULTBefore treatment, TNF-alpha, IL-17/IL-10, IL-4 in group A and B are obviously out of order compared with group C (P < 0.01). After the treatment, TNF-alpha, IL-17 in group A decreased dramatically and IL-10, IL-4 increased, which shows great differences compared with those before treatment and with group B (P < 0.01), but still can't reach to group C level.

CONCLUSIONQian liening Tang can efficiently regulate the level of suppressive inflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines. It provides scientific experimental basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cytokines ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; blood ; drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Synovial Membrane ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

The present study examined von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels and ADAMTS13 activity in pregnant and severe preeclamptic women in order to shed light on the prothrombotic state in severe preeclampsia. Thirty healthy women of childbearing age, 22 second trimester pregnant women, 30 third trimester pregnant women and 10 severe preeclamptic patients were recruited in this study. ADAMTS13 activity was determined by the FRETS-vWF73 assay and vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in plasma vWF antigen levels between the severe preeclamptic and third trimester pregnant women, between third and second trimester pregnant women (P<0.05). The third trimester pregnant women had significantly lower plasma ADAMTS13 activity than second trimester pregnant women (P<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant differences in plasma ADAMTS13 activity were found between severe preeclamptic patients and the third trimester pregnant women (P>0.05). In conclusion, plasma ADAMTS13 activity is normal in severe preeclampsia despite the increased vWF:Ag levels. Prothrombotic state is involved in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia, as a result of endothelial injury.
ADAM Proteins ; blood ; metabolism ; ADAMTS13 Protein ; Adult ; Blood Coagulation ; physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Pre-Eclampsia ; blood ; enzymology ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Young Adult ; von Willebrand Factor ; metabolism

A "general-special integrated" prevention and treatment model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the community was preliminarily established with the joint effets of specialists from the terital hospital and general practitioners in the community health service center.During the implementation of the model the general practitioners recieved research training and participanted in the research project of COPD management;and the "general-special integrated" outpatient clinic greatly improved the management for COPD patients.Since the establishment of the model,the number of acute attacks of COPD patients was decreased,and the proportion of standardized medication was increased.The model also improved the research ability and clinical competency of general practitioners.The established model provides experiences for the tiered-management for COPD patients in the community.