Aims: The objectives of this study were to screen chitinolytic bacteria isolated from soil of Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas, Jambi, Indonesia. Isolates were selected based on chitinolytic index and antagonism activity of Colletotrichum capsici. Chitinase enzyme from selected isolates was investigated for growth inhibition of C. capsici. Methodology and results: Two chitinolytic bacteria were selected based on their ability to degrade colloidal chitin and inhibit of the growth of C. capsici. Those isolates were KAHN 15.12 and SAHA 12.12, identified as Serratia marcescens and Bacillus thuringiensis respectively based on 16S rRNA gene. The chitinase maximum specific activity of isolate KAHN 15.12 was 52.03 U/mg after 36 h of incubation and SAHA 12.12 was 45.67 U/mg after 24 h of incubation. The enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulfate 40% and 60% respectively for KAHN 15.12 and SAHA 12.12. The precipitated chitinases were active over a broad range of pH (5 to 10) and temperature (20 to 80 °C). Enzymes were stable in optimum temperature for 180 min. The precipitated of chitinase KAHN 15.12 and SAHA 12.12 had five and two protein bands respectively on SDS-PAGE gel. Chitinases exhibited an antifungal activity against C. capsici at concentration of 60 ppm. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Isolates KAHN 15.12 and SAHA 12.12 were successfully selected by their ability to degrade colloidal chitin and inhibit the growth of C. capsici. The isolates had a broad range of pH and temperature, moreover relatively stable at the optimum temperature. Chitinase was effective as biological control for anthracnose caused by C. capsici in chilli.
Chitinase

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate antidiabetic potential of indigenous Lactobacillus isolates by measuring the ability of α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and antioxidant activity. The mechanism of probiotics as antidiabetic can occur through the AGI and antioxidant activity of LAB, which is able to suppress oxidative stress that causes chronic inflammation and pancreatic β cell apoptosis, and then through the ability to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Methodology and results: MRS broth enriched with 10% glucose was selected as the growth medium for Lactobacillus. The growth medium was then centrifuged to obtain CFS and CFE was produced by extracting the medium with 96% ethanol as a solvent. The results showed that Lactobacillus pentosus MK42 had the highest AGI activity of 80.32 ± 2.20%. Antioxidant activity was not significantly different (P>0.05) among the tested Lactobacillus isolates. Lactobacillus paracasei RK41 produced the highest EPS (360.13 ± 50.01 mg/L), which was not significantly different (P>0.05) from Lactobacillus plantarum1 RB210. All Lactobacillus isolates were able to produce acetic acid, but not all were able to produce propionic and butyric acid. The highest propionic acid was produced by L. plantarum1 RB210 at 0.40 ± 0.31 mmol/L and the highest butyric acid was produced by L. plantarum1 MK2 at 0.22 ± 0.08 mmol/L. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The results show definitively that indigenous Lactobacillus isolates have considerable α-glucosidase inhibitor, antioxidant activity and the ability to produce of EPS and SCFA. This preliminary study suggests the use of indigenous Lactobacillus isolates which have the potential as antidiabetic agent, although the responsible compounds are unknown.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Antioxidants ; Lactobacillus--isolation & ; purification ; Hypoglycemic Agents

Introduction: One of the health problems in developing countries, especially in Indonesia, is obesity. Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018 result revealed the prevalence of obesity in Indonesia as much as 21% in the research. It concluded very high when compared to obesity prevalence in Indonesia Basic Health Survey in 2007 and 2013. The aim of this study is to estimating risk factors that contributed to obesity in Indonesia. Methods: The research design in this study was a cross-sectional study by analyzing secondary data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). There were 9803 respondents was selected from 11142 respondents. Binary logistic regression was performed to answer the research objectives. Results: Sex (p-value 0.0001, AOR 1.908, 95% CI 1.672 – 2.014), educational level (p-value 0.034, AOR 1.431, 95% CI 1.026–1.994), age (p-value 0.0001, AOR 0.561, 95% CI 0.309– 0.968), cigarette smoking (p-value 0.002, AOR 1.945, 95% CI 1.278 – 2.958), fruit consumption (p-value 0.002, AOR 1.458, 95% CI 1.153–1.843) and vegetables consumption (p-value 0.023, AOR 0.742, 95% 0.373 – 0.960) were significance variable in the occurrence of obesity in adolescents. Meanwhile, based on sociodemographic adjusted, gender (p-value 0.0001, AOR 1.660, 95% CI 1.366 – 2.019) and age (p-value 0.0001, AOR 1.822, 95% CI 1.500 – 2.213) were significance variable correlate to obesity in adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescent has a risk of obesity caused by their wrong behaviour, especially young females. Indonesian Ministry of Health needs to make health promotion through social media that it can be easily accessed by the adolescent.