No abstract available.
Ulcer* ; Uterine Neoplasms*

A case of 26 years old male having horseshoe kidney associated with giant hydronephrosis due to aberrant vessel was presented with a brief review of the literatures. The patient was managed by division of isthmus and nephrectomy with good result.
Adult ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Male ; Nephrectomy

BACKGROUND: One of the most important prognostic factors in colorectal cancer is lymph node metastasis, which predicts a reduced survival time. Although lymph node metastases were not detected by a conventional hematoxylin-eosin stain technique, 20 to 30 percent of patients fail long-term survival on account of a local or systemic recurrence. Recurrent disease in these patients is believed to develop from occult tumor in lymph nodes. PURPOSE: The authors have conducted an immunohistochemical study with two different antibodies against cytokeratin to identify occult micrometastases in lymph nodes which were diagnosed as tumor negative by conventional histopathology. METHODS: Paraffin blocks of sixty-five patients with colorectal cancer (T2/3, N0, M0) after a curative resection between January 1991 and December 1993 at Kyung-Hee University Hospital were stained with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique using two monoclonal antibodies (anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and anti-cytokeratin No. 20, DAKO, Hamburg, Germany). To assess the clinical correlation between micrometastasis in lymph node and patients survial, 5-year disease-free survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and the significance of the differences was estimated by the log-rank test. P values <0.05 were taken to be significant. RESULTS: Of the sixty-five patients with 1133 lymph nodes, tumor cells detected by anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and anti-cytokeratin No. 20, were 2.4 percent (27/1133) and 3.4 percent (38/1133), respectively. Micrometastases were detected in twenty-six patients (40.0 percent). The histologic stage of four cytokeratin positive cases was upstaged from T2, N0, M0 to T2, N1/2, M0, and twenty-two of T3, N0, M0 to T3, N1/2, M0. Cytokeratin-positive cases showed statistically significant recurrence rate (42.3 percent) compared to that of cytokeratin -negative cases (17.9 percent)(x2 test, p=0.032). With the median follow-up of 62 months, 5-year disease-free survival rates of the micrometastses negative and positive cases were 81.7 percent and 61.3 percent, respectively (p=0.0438). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, immunohistochemical technique to identify the occult micrometastases in lymph nodes overlooked in conventional histopathology is a useful staging method to anticipate a recurrence and a prognosis more precisely.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratins ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the golden standard procedure for adrenal tumors because of its many advantages. The purpose of our study was to compare the outcomes for patients who underwent a transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy with those of patients who had a conventional open adrenalectomy. Similar to the open adrenalectomy, the laparoscopic adrenalectomy was divided into anterior (LA: Laparoscopic anterior) and posterior (LP: Laparoscopic posterior) approaches. METHODS: Between January 1991 and September 1998, a retrospective review of consecutive ad renalectomies performed at Kyung Hee University Hospital was done. Outcome measurements of operative indications, tumor size, operation time, first oral intake, postoperative stay, and postoperative complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Eleven(11) laparoscopic adrenalectomies (4 LAs and 7 LPs) were performed in 11 patients and 47 open adrenalectomies [24 with an anterior, OA (Open anterior), approach and 23 with a posterior, OP (Open posterior), approach] in 43 patients. The LA approach showed a significantly shorter time to first oral intake (1.8 vs 3.4 days p=0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (5.5 vs 12.8 days p=0.001) compared to the OA approach. The LP approach also showed a significantly shorter time to first oral intake (0.9 vs 1.6 days p=0.046) and postoperative hospital stay (5.9 vs 9.9 days p=0.004) compared to the OP approach. There were no differences in tumor size, operation time, and postoperative complications between laparoscopic adrenalectomies and open adrenalectomies. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic adrenalectomy is superior to the open adrenalectomy when performed by appropriately trained and skilled surgeons.
Adrenalectomy* ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: An increase of glucose uptake and glycolytic metabolism has been reported in malignant cells as compared with normal cells and tissues. We hypothesized that human erythrocyte glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) expression is increased in breast carcinoma and may be correlated with long term clinical outcome. METHODS: Two hundred ninety formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast were immunostained with anti-GLUT1. RESULTS: Among the known clinicopathological prognostic factors, GLUT1 expression was correlated positively with histological grade (p=0.000) and tumor size (p=0.003). In a multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement and GLUT1 expression were statistically significant prognostic factors. The cummulative survival rates of GLUT1 expression and LN involvement were statistically significant (p=0.0061, p=0.0009) respectively. Our results suggest that 1) GLUT1 expression is correlated with histological grade and tumor size, and 2) GLUT1 expression correlates with a poorer prognosis in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that immunohistochemical staining of GLUT1 expression is strongly associated with neoplastic progression in breast carcinoma, and that GLUT1 expression has value in estimating the prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Erythrocytes ; Formaldehyde ; Glucose ; Humans* ; Lymph Nodes ; Metabolism ; Multivariate Analysis ; Paraffin ; Prognosis* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common form of mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have improved the treatment of GISTs, and their diagnosis facilitated by immunohistochemical markers. The aim of this paper was to study the clinicopathological features of GISTs of the stomach and determine the accuracy of a new grading system and the prognostic factors. METHODS: Patients with mesenchymal tumors of the stomach, operated on between 1982 and 2004, were identified using medical and pathological files. Immunohistochemical staining for KIT (CD117), CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin and s-100 protein were performed, and the diagnoses reviewed. Cases were classified into either the very low, low, intermediate or high risk groups according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus symposium. RESULTS: 78 mesenchymal tumors were reanalyzed, and with the supportive use of immunohistochemical markers, 71 (91%) of the gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors were shown to be GISTs. The tumors often coexpressed KIT and CD34 (90%) and were variably positive for SMA (18%), s-100 protein (11%) and desmin (23%). With a median follow-up of 73.9 months (range 1~228 months), a recurrence occurred in 10 (14%) patients. Analyses demonstrated that the mitotic index (P<0.001) and tumor size (P<0.001) were significant prognostic factors for survival. The new grading system showed a significant difference between the risk groups and the survival rates (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining is needed to distinguish GISTs from other mesenchymal tumors. The tumor size and mitotic count are significant prognostic factors for GISTs. The new grading system (2001 NIH) for classifying the 4 risk groups of GISTs, according to the tumor size and the mitotic count, is useful in the evaluation of the tumor behavior.
Actins ; Consensus ; Desmin ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Mitotic Index ; Muscle, Smooth ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Prognosis* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Stomach* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: An increase of glucose uptake and glycolytic metabolism has been reported in malignant cells as compared with normal cells and tissues. We hypothesized that human erythrocyte glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) expression is increased in breast carcinoma and may be correlated with long term clinical outcome. METHODS: Two hundred ninety formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast were immunostained with anti-GLUT1. RESULTS: Among the known clinicopathological prognostic factors, GLUT1 expression was correlated positively with histological grade (p=0.000) and tumor size (p=0.003). In a multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement and GLUT1 expression were statistically significant prognostic factors. The cummulative survival rates of GLUT1 expression and LN involvement were statistically significant (p=0.0061, p=0.0009) respectively. Our results suggest that 1) GLUT1 expression is correlated with histological grade and tumor size, and 2) GLUT1 expression correlates with a poorer prognosis in patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that immunohistochemical staining of GLUT1 expression is strongly associated with neoplastic progression in breast carcinoma, and that GLUT1 expression has value in estimating the prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Erythrocytes ; Formaldehyde ; Glucose ; Humans* ; Lymph Nodes ; Metabolism ; Multivariate Analysis ; Paraffin ; Prognosis* ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Gene Expression* ; Humans* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Thyroid Gland*

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ferritin as a contrast agent and a potential reporter gene for tracking tumor cells or macrophages in mouse cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adenoviral human ferritin heavy chain (Ad-hFTH) was administrated to orthotopic glioma models and subcutaneous colon cancer mouse models using U87MG and HCT116 cells, respectively. Brain MR images were acquired before and daily for up to 6 days after the intracranial injection of Ad-hFTH. In the HCT116 tumor model, MR examinations were performed before and at 6, 24, and 48 h after intratumoral injection of Ad-hFTH, as well as before and every two days after intravenous injection of ferritin-labeled macrophages. The contrast effect of ferritin in vitro was measured by MR imaging of cell pellets. MRI examinations using a 7T MR scanner comprised a T1-weighted (T1w) spin-echo sequence, T2-weighted (T2w) relaxation enhancement sequence, and T2*-weighted (T2*w) fast low angle shot sequence. RESULTS: Cell pellet imaging of Ad-hFTH in vitro showed a strong negatively enhanced contrast in T2w and T2*w images, presenting with darker signal intensity in high concentrations of Fe. T2w images of glioma and subcutaneous HCT116 tumor models showed a dark signal intensity around or within the Ad-hFTH tumor, which was distinct with time and apparent in T2*w images. After injection of ferritin-labeled macrophages, negative contrast enhancement was identified within the tumor. CONCLUSION: Ferritin could be a good candidate as an endogenous MR contrast agent and a potential reporter gene that is capable of maintaining cell labeling stability and cellular safety.
Animals ; Brain Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Tracking/*methods ; Colonic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Ferritins/administration & dosage ; Genes, Reporter ; Glioma/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Macrophages ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Skin Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Time Factors