Objective: Soy products may cause excessive intestinal gas because of soybean oligosaccharides . The effect of recombinant ?-galactosidase on eliminating mouse flatus was observed. Methods:The mouse model of flatulence was set up by ig raffinose and stachyose and the flatulence was investigated by measuring intestinal flatulent volume. Oligosaccharides were examined by TLC test and soybean protein was examined by SDS-PAGE. Results: Raffinose and stachyose can result in mouse flatus and recombinant ?-galactosidase can eliminate it without any effect on soybean protein. Conclusion: Recombinant ?-galactosidase can eliminate flatus, and be used as food additive.

Objective To investigate the relationship between HbA1c in blood and IL-6 in tear fluid of the elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) in Shijiazhuang urban communities , and the relationship between IL-6 in tear fluid and the severity of DR. Methods The elderly people who lived more than 5 years , older than ≥45 year old. in nine urban communities of Shijiazhuang were stratified randomly sampled and received cross-sectional epidemiology questionnaire survey and OGTT. A total of 1 447 subjects (509 males and 938 females) were included. Each participant underwent epidemiological surveys and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), according to the 1999 WHO diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnostic criteria established. For patients who were newly or previously diagnosed as DM. HbA1c level, tear fluid IL-6 and serum IL-6 tested.The severity of DR was evaluated by fundus examination, the people were divided into normal group(NGT), non-diabetic retinopathy ( NDR ) , non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( NPDR ) , and proliferative diabetic retinopathy ( PDR ) . The correlation of serum IL-6 and tear fluid IL-6,blood HbA1c and tear fluid IL-6 were assessed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Results Concentrations of tear fluid IL-6 were (3.10 ± 1.25)pg/mL in the NGT group, (10.25 ± 3.22)pg/mL in the NDR group,(16.80 ± 5.76)pg/mL in the NPDR group,(25.11 ± 5.20)pg/mL in the PDR group(P < 0.01). SNK-q test revealed significant differences between every two groups (P < 0.01,P <0.05,P < 0.05) Concentrations of serum IL-6 were (88.04 ± 17.06)pg/mL in the NGT group,(126.38 ± 20.73) pg/mL in the NDR group, (239.83 ± 40.33)pg/mL in the NPDR group, (268.36 ± 27.72)pg/mL in the PDR group(P < 0.01). SNK-q test revealed significant differences between every two groups (P < 0.01). Tear fluid IL-6 level was positively correlated with serum IL-6 level(R = 0.756,P < 0.01). Tear fluid IL-6 level was positively correlated with blood IL-6 level (R = 0.338, P < 0.01). Conclusion The tear fluid IL-6 levels of the elderly patients with DM in Shijiazhuang urban communities , increased; with the increased severity of DR , the levels of tear fluid IL-6 gradually increase. The level of tear fluid IL-6, serum IL-6, HbA1c closely correlates with the severity of DR.

Aim To evaluate the vasorelaxant effect of two new chemical entities, J35242 and J35243, on iso-lated rat thoracic aorta rings as Rho-kinase inhibitors, and further to explore the underlying mechanisms of these two compounds. Methods Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by KCl or norepinephrine ( NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of J35242 and J35243 . Through the interventions of sev-eral tool drugs, the mechanisms of compounds concern-ing endothelium, K+ channels and Ca2+ were studied. Results J35242 and J35243 showed potent relaxant effect on both KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels, and exhibited partial endothelium dependency. L-NAME and Methylene Blue( MB) could influence the relaxant effect of these compounds. Meanwhile, the compounds could inhibit intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellu-lar Ca2+ influx, which indicated that the compounds might block the calcium channels to relax the vessels. In addition, the two compounds probably did not dilate the aorta rings through opening potassium channels. Conclusions J35242 and J35243 have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro and the potency of J35242 is stronger than that of J35243 . The underlying mecha-nisms might be endothelium-dependent. Also the com-pounds might block Ca2+ channels, lowering intracel-lular Ca2+ concentration to relax the vessels.

Aim To investigate the in vitro vasorelax-ant effect of DL0805-0, a Rho kinase inhibitor, on iso-lated rat thoracic aorta and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods Tension was measured to eval-uate the vasorelaxant effect of DL0805-0 on rat endo-thelium-intact and endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta rings. Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil, nitric oxide syn-thase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester ( L-NAME), guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, calcium-activa-ted potassium channel blocker tetraethyl ammonium ( TEA ) , ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide and voltage-dependent potassium chan-nel blocker 4-aminopyridine ( 4-AP ) were used to il-lustrate the mechanisms of vasorelaxant effect of DL0805-0 . Results DL0805-0 exerted vasorelaxation in a dose-dependent manner in KCl (60 mmol·L-1 ) or NE ( 0. 1 μmol · L-1 ) -induced contraction. DL0805-0-induced vasorelaxation was significantly re-duced by L-NAME. However, methylene blue and in-domethacin did not significantly affect vasorelaxation of DL0805-0. In endothelium-denuded rings, TEA re-markably attenuated the vasorelaxant effect of DL0805-0 , while glibenclamide and 4-AP did not affect vasore laxation of DL0805-0 significantly. DL0805-0 also re-duced NE-induced transient contraction and inhibited contraction induced by increasing extracellular calci-um. Conclusion These results suggest that DL0805-0 induces vasorelaxation through an endothelium-depend-ent pathway. The opening of calcium-activated K+channels and blocking of Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells may be one of the mechanisms of DL0805-0-induced vasorelaxation.

Aim ToestablishthemethodofHighper-formance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) for detecting plasma concentration of indazole compound DL0805-1 , a Rho kinase inhibitor, and to investigate its pharma-cokinetics in rats with intravenous injection. Methods ThedetectingsystemwasAgilent1200-DAD;chro-matographic column was Agilent TC-C18 ( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm); the ultraviolet detection wavelength was 235 nm; the column temperature was 35 ℃; the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1;the mobile phase was ace-tonitrile-0. 05% H3 PO4 gradient elute. Rat blood sam-ples were collected at different intervals after intrave-nous injection of a single dose of DL0805-1 , and the concentration of DL0805-1 in rat plasma were deter-mined by HPLC method for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters.Results Afterintravenousinjectionof DL0805-1 in rats, prototype and its metabolite were detected in plasma. T1/2 of DL0805-1=(2. 34 ± 1. 42) h, Cmax=(3. 51 ± 0. 44) mg·L-1, T1/2 of metabolite of DL0805-1 = ( 1. 27 ± 0. 45 ) h, Cmax = ( 3. 55 ± 0.22)mg·L-1.Conclusion Theseresultssuggest that DL0805-1 may be metabolized into another sub-stance in vivo and play biological functions. The meth-od is sensitive, simple, and accurate, and can be used for the determination of DL0805-1 in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic studies.

Objectives:To establish hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies(McAbs) against O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT) and to observe the relationship between MGMT expression and clinical responses to ACNU and BCNU in human brain tumors.Methods:The hybridomas were established by cell fusion.MGMT expression in 60 glioma specimens was detected by means of immunohistochemical assay.Results: Seven hybridomas secreting McAbs against MGMT were obtained.Thirty tumor specimens had no detectable or low level of MGMT expression(Mer-), while 30 specimens had high level of MGMT expression(Mer+). The Mer- patients showed more sensitive to ACNU and BCNU than the Mer+ patients.Conclusions: The high specific hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies(McAbs) against MGMT were established.The preliminary study indicated that MGMT negative tumors were sensitive to ACNU and BCNU, whereas MGMT positive ones were more resistant to nitrosourea drugs.

Objective ToanalyzethevalueoftheDCE-MRIparametersofReferenceRegionandExtendedToftsmodleinthedifferential diagnosisofhyper-cellularuterineleiomyoma.Methods 59patientswithuterineleiomyomaconfirmedbysurgeryandpathologywere enrolledinthestudyfromSeptember2015toSeptember2016,including28casesofclassicalleiomyoma,12casesofcellularleiomyoma and19casesofdegenerativeleiomyoma.AllpatientsunderwentDCE-MRIbeforesurgery.Thequantitativeperfusionparameters (transferconstant(Ktrans),extravascularextracellularspacevolumeratio(Ve),effluxrateconstant(Kep),andbloodplasmavolume ratio(Vp)weremeasuredviaReferenceRegionmodel(RR model)andExtendedToftsmodel(ET model)respectively.ROCcurve wasusedtoevaluatetheefficiencyofthequantitativeperfusionparametersindifferentialdiagnosisofhyper-cellularuterineleiomyoma. Pearsoncorrelationanalysiswasalsoappliedtoobservethecorrelationsamongallequivalentparameters.Results KtransandKepinRR modelandKtrans,Kep,VeandVpinET modelshowedstatisticalsignificancesamongthreetypesofuterineleiomyoma (P＜0.05), meanwhile,theAUCsofKtrans,KepandVpderivedfrom RR modelandKtrans,Kep,VeandVpcalculatedbyET modelindiagnosisof cellularuterineleiomyomawere0.835,0.752,0.706,0.956,0.871,0.656and0.754.TheKtransintheRR modelwascorrelatedwith KtransintheET model(r＝0.600,P＜0.001),KepintheET modelwaspositivecorrelatedwithKepandVpinRR model(r＝0.275, P＝0.035;r＝0.376,P＝0.003).Conclusion Thevalueof Ktrans ,Kep and Vp in RR and Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve and Vp in ET modelcan be useful inthedifferentiationofhyper-cellularleiomyoma,especiallythevaluesofKtransandKepinET modelhavehigherdiagnosticefficacy thanthoseinRR model.

Salvianolic acid A is a water-soluble component from Danshen, which is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. High performance liquid chromatography was often used to analyze content of salvianolic acid A. The yield of salvianolic acid A increased by the technological improvement of extraction and separation. Salvianolic acid A possessed multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidants, myocardial ischemic protection, antithrombatic, neuroprotection, anti fibrosis, prevention of diabetes and complications. Recently, preliminary pharmacokinetics characteristics of salvianolic acid A were clarified. Based on the research literature and study work from author's laboratory, this review will focus on recent developments concerning the chemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetic of salvianolic acid A, and prospect further research.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lactates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disease that seriously affects health. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the preferred treatment for moderate-to-severe OSAHS patients. However, poor adherence to CPAP is a major obstacle in the treatment of OSAHS. Information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills, as a kind of mature technology to change the behavior, has been used in various health areas to improve treatment adherence. This study aims to explore the effects of the IMB skills intervention on CPAP adherence in OSAHS patients. METHODS: Patients who were primary diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSAHS were randomly divided into the IMB group (n=62) and the control group (n=58). The patients in the IMB group received CPAP therapy and the IMB skills intervention for 4 weeks. The patients in the control group received CPAP therapy and a usual health care provided by a registered nurse. We collected the baseline data of the general information, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, and indicators about disease severity [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), percentage of time with arterial oxygen saturation SaO₂<90% (T90), average SaO₂, lowest SaO₂, arousal index]. After CPAP titration, we collected CPAP therapy-relevant parameters (optimal pressure, maximum leakage, average leakage, 95% leakage, and residual AHI), score of satisfaction and acceptance of CPAP therapy, and score of willingness to continue CPAP therapy. After 4 weeks treatment, we collected the ESS score, HADS score, CPAP therapy-relevant parameters, effective CPAP therapy time per night, CPAP therapy days within 4 weeks, CPAP adherence rate, score of satisfaction and acceptance of CPAP therapy, and score of willingness to continue CPAP therapy. Visual analog scale (VAS) of 0-5 was used to evaluate the satisfaction and acceptance of IMB intervention measures in the IMB group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline level of demographic parameters, ESS score, HADS score, disease severity, and CPAP therapy related parameters between the IMB group and the control group (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in score of willingness to continue CPAP therapy, as well as score of satisfaction and acceptance of CPAP therapy after CPAP titration between the IMB group and the control group (both P>0.05). After 4 weeks treatment, the ESS score, HADS score, maximum leakage, average leakage, and 95% leakage of the IMB group were significantly decreased, while the score of satisfaction and acceptance of CPAP therapy and willingness to continue CPAP therapy of the IMB group were significantly increased (all P<0.05); while the above indexes in the control group were not different before and after 4 weeks treatment (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the ESS score, HADS score, maximum leakage, average leakage, and 95% leakage of the IMB group after 4 weeks treatment were significantly lower (all P<0.05); the effective CPAP therapy time, CPAP therapy days within 4 weeks, score of satisfaction and acceptance of CPAP therapy, score of willingness to continue CPAP therapy of the IMB group were significantly higher (all P<0.05). The rate of CPAP therapy adherence in 4 weeks of the IMB group was significantly higher than that of the control group (90.3% vs 62.1%, P<0.05). The VAS of overall satisfaction with IMB skills intervention measures was 4.46±0.35. CONCLUSIONS IMB skills intervention measures can effectively improve the adherence of CPAP therapy in OSAHS patients, and is suitable for clinical promotion.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Motivation ; Oximetry ; Patient Compliance ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis* ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo assess the application of the dynamic-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)pharmacokinetics models in differential diagnosis of cellular uterine leiomyoma.

METHODSSixty four patients with uterine leiomyoma confirmed by surgery and pathology were enrolled in the study between September 2015 and September 2016, including 30 cases of classical leiomyoma, 13 cases of cellular leiomyoma and 21 cases of degenerative leiomyoma. All patients underwent DCE-MRI before surgery. Reference region (RR) model, extended tofts (ET) model and exchange (EC) model were used to quantitatively analyze DCE-MRI data, and their differences among different pathological types of uterine leiomyoma were observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficiency of the quantitative perfusion parameters in differential diagnosis of cellular uterine leiomyoma.

RESULTSThe values of K(transfer constant), K(efflux rate constant) in RR model, K, K, V(blood plasma volume ratio) in ET model and V(plasma volume ratio), F(plasma flow)in EC model of cellular uterine leiomyoma were higher than those of classical type(<0.05 or<0.01). The values of K, Kin RR model,K,K, V,Vin ET model and V,V,Fin EC model of cellular uterine leiomyoma were higher than those of degenerative uterine leiomyoma(<0.05 or<0.01). There were no significant differences in other quantitative perfusion parameters among three types of uterine leiomyoma (all>0.05). ROC curves revealed that the Kof the ET model was more effective in diagnosing cellular uterine leiomyoma, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.929, and the sensitivity and specificity were 92.3% and 83.7%, respectively; meanwhile, the AUCs of Fof the EC model, Kof the RR model and Kof the ET model in diagnosis of cellular uterine leiomyoma were 0.867, 0.849 and 0.837, the sensitivities were 91.7%, 84.6% and 92.3%, and the specificities were 78.0%, 76.0% and 73.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThree pharmacokinetics models can be used in the differentiation of cellular uterine leiomyoma from other types of uterine leiomyoma. Kof the ET model has higher sensitivity and specificity in differential diagnosis of cellular uterine leiomyoma.