Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of neurological lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 6 SLE patients with neurological lesions were analyzed retrospectively.Results Clinically, the central nervous system was involved in four patients with presentation of epilepsy in one case, cerebral infarction in two cases and leukoencephalopathy in one case. Mononeuropathy was involved in three cases. Pathologically, sural nerve biopsies disclosed typical vasculitis in one of three cases. There were loss of myelinated fibers, segmented and dark-stained axons and myelin, and myelin bead formation in the sural nerves. Muscular biopsy of one case showed mild degeneration and necrosis. Three skin biopsies demonstrated degeneration of fibrinogen, perivenous infiltration of inflammatory cells.Conclusions SLE may lead different damage of nervous system. Therefore, the changes of its clinical and pathological manifestations are complicated.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of lymphomatoid granulomatosis(LG).Methods The data of clinic and the results of pathological study of brain biopsy which stained by immunohistochemical method were reviewed in one case with LG.Results The patient was presented with headache,dizzy,slurred speech and myasthenia of limbs.MRI showed abnormal signals on bilateral cerebral white matter,pons,cerebellum and cervical-thoracic spinal cord.Gd-enhanced imaging showed punctiform enhancement.The protein and IgG in cerebrospinal fluid elevated slightly.Brain biopsy showed angiocentric,angiodestructive granuloma formation combined with infiltration of multiple cells.The infiltrated cells confirmed immunohistochemically were lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes.In situ hybridization technique showed EBV positive.The status of this patient improved after radiotherapy and glucocorticosteroid treatment.Conclusion LG lacks characteristic features in clinic,laboratory and radiological examinations,so the pathological examination is important for diagnosis of this disease.

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of Huangqi Injection combined with Shuxuetong Injection therapy on aged acute cerebral infarction and to observe the effect on patients' nerve injury extent and hemorheology parameters. METHODS: 83 patients with acute cerebral infarction were divided randomly into two groups Huangqi combined with Shuxuetong group(therapy group) and low molecule dextrose combined with weinaolutong group(control group).The two groups were both tested hemorheology parameters before and after therapy.And clinical effect was estimated according to the extent of patients nerve function injury. RESULTS: The effective rate and curative rate of therapy group were obviously different form control group(P

Background Recent studies have confirmed that sulforaphane (SFN) can activate multiple pathways,and promote the expression of the antioxidants in cells.Thioredoxin (Trx) plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular redox in the steady state.Objective This study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of SFN on Trx expression in bovine trabecular meshwork cells (BTMCs) cultured in vitro.Methods BTMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by morphological evaluation.The third generation of BTMCs were cultured in the medium with 0,10,20 and 30 μmol/L SFN for 30 minutes.Real-time PCR was applied to measure the expression of Trx mRNA in BTMCs.The BTMCs were randomly divided into normal control group,LY294002 group,U0126 group,SFN group,LY294002 +SFN group and U0126+SFN group.The expressions of Nrf2 protein and Trx protein in each group were measured by Western blot.Results The BTMCs was successfully cultured in vitro.The expressions of Trx mRNA were significantly different among the different concentrationss of SFN treatment (F=88.090,P＜0.01).The expressions of Trx protein and Nrf2 protein in the LY294002 +SFN group,U0126 +SFN group and SFN group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (all at P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of Trx protein and Nrf2 protein in the LY294002+SFN group and U0126+SFN group were significantly higher than those in the SFN group (all at P＜0.01).Conelusions SFN can activate Nrf2 by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways,which can increase the expression level of Trx in BTMCs cultured in vitro.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious diabetic complications, which is the main cause of vision loss in adults. The specific vascular and neuropathology mechanism of DR is not clear. It has been demonstrated that Inflammatory reaction might be take effects in the development and progression of DR. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as an important chemokine in the inflammatory response process, promotes chemotactic and activating factors, destroys the blood-retinal barrier, causes retinal vascular disease, and activates microglia, which is related to the severity of the disease. With further research on MCP-1, it is possible to use chemokines and their receptors as target cells to control or slow down the progression of DR by reducing or inhibiting the production of MCP-1 in diabetic patients in the early stages of the disease. This study can provide new ideas and new methods about preventing and treating DR.

Objective To apply fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) in sorting natural killer (NK) cells from human peripheral blood. The efficiency of these two methods were compared so that the basic conditions for the further study on the lower proportion of peripheral blood cells could be created. Methods Twenty cases of normal peripheral blood and 3 cases of post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) were collected and NK cell were sorted by FACS and MACS. Results Before sorting the normal peripheral blood, the proportion of the NK cell in the leukocyte was (12.86±3.62) %, the purity of NK cell was up to (96.15±2.03) % and the recovery was (95.08±2.16) %after sorting by FACS, the purity was up to (93.35±3.61) % and the recovery was (94.11±3.01) % by MACS.And before sorting the post-HSCT peripheral blood, the proportion of the NK cell in the leukocyte was (11.01±2.08) %, the purity of NK cell was up to (96.22±2.16) % and the recovery was (95.27±1.18) % after sorting by FACS. The purity was up to (90.98±1.94) % and the recovery was (94.54±3.52) % by MACS. Thereis difference in purity of NK cell (t = 5.925, P ＜0.05), while no difference in rate of recovery between 2methods (t = 0.789, P ＞0.05). Conclusion FACS is more efficient, rapidly and easily than MACS in sorting NK cell, especially for post-HSCT cases.

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against leukemia cells.Methods High-purified NK cells separated by RosetteSep NK cell enrichment kit from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells,and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML) patients were taken as target cells.The cytotoxic activity of NK cells were detected by CCK8 kit assay.HLA-Cw,KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients were detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques,respectively.NK cells were divided into KIR2DS1-positive group and KIR2DS1-negevitive group,and then anti-KIR2DS1 mononuclear antibody was used to block KIR2DS1 of NK cells.Meanwhile based on HLA-Cw,KIR2DS1-positive NK cells and target cells were divided into C1 homozygote group(expressing HLA-Cw 01,03,07,08,12,14,16 alleles),C2 homozygote group (expressing HLA-Cw 02,04,05,06,15,17,18 alleles) and the C1/C2 heterozygote group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group).Results The purity of NK cells was (91.2±5.94) ％ through flow cytometry analysis.At the same effector-target ratio,cytotoxicity of KIR2DS1-positive NK cells against target cells was higher than that of KIR2DS1-negetive NK cells.While the E:T =10:1,cytotoxicity of KIR2DS1-positive NK cells against target cells [(2.82±6.81) ％] was significant higher than that of KIR2DS1-negetive NK cells [(28.61±5.14) ％] against target cells.The killing effects of KIR2DS1-positive NK cells was significantly weakened after KIR2DS1 blockaded with specific antibody (t =-3.00,P =0.05).When focusing on the C1 group NK cells,KIR2DS1-positive NK cells against C2 group [(4.39±3.46) ％] target cells was significantly higher than than against C1 group [(41.22±3.68) ％] (t =8.33,P ＜ 0.05) and C1/C2 group [(41.32±5.09) ％] (t =6.37,P ＜ 0.05) target cells.Conclusions The killing effects of KIR2DS1-positive NK cells are significantly higher than that of KIR2DS1-negetive NK cells.The HLA-C1 group KIR2DS1-positive NK cells could recognize HLA-C2 loci and then kill the target cells.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in pain reaction, hemodynamics and clinical efficacy between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) after injection with flurphen mixture (mixture of droperidol and fentanyl citrate) at Shenshu (BL 23) and simple ESWL in the patients.

METHODSSixty-four cases of urinary calculi with ESWL were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each one. In the observation group, 15 to 20 min before ESWL, flurphen mixture (droperidol injection 1.25 mg and fentanyl citrate injection 0.05 mg were diluted to 6 mL with 0.9% sodium chloride solution 4.5 mL) was injected at bilateral Shenshu (BL 23). In the control group, no any adjuvant therapy and medication were used before ESWL. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, lithotripsy frequency till calculi complete removal and the rate of calculi complete removal after the first lithotripsy were observed in the two groups.

RESULTSIn the control group, blood pressure and heart rate were higher during lithotripsy than those before lithotripsy (both P<0.05). In the observation group, the differences in blood pressure and heart rate were not significant statistically as compared with those before lithotripsy (both P>0.05). The blood pressure and heart rate during lithotripsy in the observation group were apparently lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). VAS scores during lithotripsy in the observation group were lower apparently than those in the control group (both P<0.05). The lithotripsy frequency in the observation group was less than that in the control group. The rate of calculi complete removal in 1 week after the first lithotripsy in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [75.0% (24/32) vs 50.0% (16/32), P<0.05].

CONCLUSIONThe flurphen mixture at Shenshu (BL 23) significantly alleviates pain reaction in patients undergoing ESWL, avoids the fluctuation of hemodynamics and improves the clinical effect of lithotripsy.

Acupuncture Points ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; therapy ; Lithotripsy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Young Adult

Unclear cultivating aim and training plan as well as tutors' lacking of experience are the main problems of the postgraduate education for clinical medicine professional degree,which will cause the quality of clinical postgraduate training to fall greatly.Through the analysis,the author proposes increasing management authority of rotating disciplines for graduates,establishing tutor groups in rotating disciplines,making clear training plan,increasing the clinical simulation skill training courses,training and optimizing the professional master's tutors,which is to fit the needs of the postgraduate education for clinical medicine professional degree and to provide related references.

BACKGROUND:In the earliest stages of embryonic development and organ formation, fibroblast growth factor family members function as mediating the growth, differentiation, survival, and morphology of progenitor cels. Fibroblast growth factor mediates metabolic function, tissue repair and regeneration in mature tissues by reactivation of signal pathways.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize and explore the role of the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway in tissues and organs.
METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in CNKI and PubMed databases by using the key words of “fibroblast growth factor, signaling pathway” from 2010 to 2016 and 2000 to 2016, respectively to screen the relevant literatures. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Research progress in the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway was summarized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 47 literatures were included. Mammalian fibroblast growth factor family is composed of 18 secreted signal proteins which interact with 4 tyrosine kinase signal fibroblast growth factor receptors. Interaction of fibroblast growth factor ligand with the receptor is regulated by a protein or cofactor binding proteoglycans and extracelular proteins. Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor mediates interaction with cytoplasmic adapter protein, RAS-MAPK, and PI3K-AKT, phospholipase Cγand STAT signaling pathway by phosphorylation on a specific tyrosine residue. Four structuraly related intracelular non-signaling fibroblast growth factors regulate the voltage-gated sodium ion channels by their interactions. Fibroblast growth factors exist in almost al tissues and organs, and developmental defects and abnormal activity of this pathway (destruction of organogenesis) is associated with damage response to injury, metabolic disorders and cancer.