BACKGROUND:The tissue structure of the affected arms of the breast cancer patients is seriously damaged after operation, which often causes the disorder of functional activity and directly affects the lives and work of Breast Cancer patients.OBJECTIVE: To promote the functional recovery of affected-side upperlimb in patients with breast cancer after operation by three-stage functional training and health guidance.DESIGN: Clinical observationSETTING: Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical UniversityPARTICIPANTS:Totally 168 patients,to be all female,aged from34 to72 years with the average of 49.65 years, diagnosed breast cancer and received operation in the First Affiliated Hospital of the China Medical University from May 2002 to May 2004, were recruited.METHODS:Self-training was performed on the upper-arm at the affectedtion ( one or two days after operation): Do active and passive exercises of Off-bed stage (3 to 14 days after operation): Do exercises of shoulder joint,hospital( 3 to 6 months), functional exercise and guidance training on the upper arm, 2 to 3 times per day , 15 to 20 minutes per time. Self-training effect of the patients was investigated through further consultation, once every 2 months after the self-training.cises status and the abnormal status of their affected arms of the patients.RESULTS :Totally 168 patients completed the study,all their date was enbetter recovery with their affected arms and could do some simple work 75.0% (126/168)of the patients persisted in the functional training of their affected arms over half a year after they discharged from the hospital;25.0% (42/168)of the patients had different degrees of lymphatic edema of the affected arms.CONCLUSION:We have got an obvious effect in the aspects of strengthening the guidance of the functional training of their affected arms of the breast cancer patients and telling the patients and their family members the significance of persisting in training their main points of self nursing of their affected arms.

This paper reports the observation on the distribution of succinic dehydrogenase of the cochlea in normal guinea pig. The method we adopted is as follows: The temporal bone was rapidly removed and the apical portion of the cochlea and the round window were perforated after decapitation under the temperature at 0? to 4℃. Incubation solution was infused into the apical portion of the cochlea and flowed out through the round window. The above procedure was carried out within 3 min. Then the specimen was put into incubation solution for 30 min at 37 C. The same infusion pathway from apical hole to round window was adopted, to introduce a cold, buffered formol sucrose solution for fixation. After first fixation by infusing, the cochlea in the fixative was subjected to a vacuum system for 20～30 min, and finally put into refrigerator to complete fixation. The specimen was then decalcified in 10 per cent EDTA, and immersed in 10 and 20 per cent gelation successively for embedding. The frozen sections was cut into 15? thick midmodiolar sections in a cryostat. This observation reveals that the inner and outer cell, the cell of spiral ganglion and the stria vascularis showed a very strong enzyme activity, while the tectorial membrane, the basilar membrane and other cells showed no activity. The results obtained and the methods are discussed.

0.05);the costs were 459.00 yuan,481.68 yuan and 789.48 yuan,respectively,showing significant differences between Group A and Group C or between Group B and Group C(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Group A is preferable in terms of cost-effectiveness,while there was no significant difference between Group A and Group B in cost.

OBJECTIVE:To provide information for diversified operation of Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises.METHODS:By means of introducing the concept of commodity management,its effective application in Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises was analysed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should apply commodity management theory to searching the mode of diversified operation,for improving net sales and market competition ability.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss about the management of Chinese pharmaceutical retail commerce METHODS:According to the analysis of the operation models and existing problems of Chinese pharmaceutical retail commerce,this paper brings forward concrete management strategy RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Chinese government and pharmaceutical retail enterprises should adopt effective management strategy to promote development of Chinese pharmaceutical retail commerce

OBJECTIVE:To provide the concept of management of circulation of commodities for Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises METHODS:According to the concept of management of circulation of commodities,to analyze its application in Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises RESULTS &CONCLUSION:Chinese pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should search a mode of management of circulation of commodities which is appropriate for self-development to promote market competition ability

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the measures for development of pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises in China after access to WTO.METHODS: Practical developing measures were put forward by way of analysing the existing problems in pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises in China .RESULTS: & CONCLUSION:China s pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should take the following measures perfecting relevent laws and regulations, deciding rational organization and clarifying the post responsibility, extending the business scale of chain stores, bringing in qualified personnel and training staff members, en-hencing the management of storage and delivery centre and intensifying the management of chain drugstores.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for perfecting the laws and rules of drug circulation in China.METHODS:To collect,classify and analyze the current laws and rules for drug manufacturing enterprices,common merchandising concerns,drug wholesale enterprises,drugs retail enterprises and pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises in the field of drug circula?tion.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:We should perfect the current laws and rules,and form the system of law for circulation of drugs applicable for each trade in the field of drug circulation,on the other hand,we should add the rules for chain trans-management,chain affiliation,merger,association,cooperation,drug electronic commerce etc.

Surgical resection is the only potentially curative therapeutic method for patients with gastric cancer. However, con-ventional laparotomy is sometimes associated with considerable complications and mortality rate. This procedure also affects patient quality of life after surgery. Minimally invasive techniques can potentially provide an attractive alternative to current surgical proce-dures in terms of reducing surgical injury and accelerating postoperative recovery. Minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer has re-cently been reasonably applied to two distinct forms of intervention:endoscopic resection of the tumor and laparoscopic surgery. In the near future, sentinel node navigation and robot surgery will provide more options for treating gastric cancer. Such developments will im-prove the quality of life of patients following surgery for gastric cancer. Various well-designed clinical trials of the minimally invasive techniques are available. Thus, the mode of surgery for gastric carcinoma will be widely accepted and rapidly developed worldwide.

After a description of the connotation and features of ubiquitous information society and the connotation and components of information literacy of medical staff in ubiquitous information society, the approaches were put forward for training and improving the information literacy of medical staff in ubiquitous information society.