Repair of articular cartilage injury has always been a focus of medical study and sports injury study.With the application and development of molecular biotechnology,the role of growth factor has become more and more important in articular cartilage injury.This paper analyzes the difficulties in repairing articular cartilage injury.discusses the effect of transforming growth factor β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on it as well as the mechanism under its repainng,and summanzes the existing problems.it can provide important data for future research.

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the role of transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein-7 in the reparation of knee cartilage by summarizing related studies,which can provide an important reference for further clinical applications.DATA SOURCES:The science online,ElsecierSD databases,Springer Link electronic joumals nets(1991-01/2009-06)was searched using key words of"Articular Cartilage Defects,Transforming Growth Factor-β,Bone Morphogenic Protein-7";simultaneously,the CNKI,Wanfang database,Tsinghua Tong Fang database(1991-01/2009-06)was searched with the same Chinese key words.Literature search was limited to English and Chinese languages.DATA SELECTION:Literature addressing repairing articular cartilage damage with growth factors was included,and the repeated papers were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Frecture healing.②Osteocyte proliferation.③Capacity of chonddfication.RESULTS:Received 95 computers seized in early literature,according to inclusion exclusion criteria,literature underlying growth factor,in particular the growth factor transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein-7 in repaidng knee cartilagedamage was analyzed.Articular cartilage injury,with poor repair capacity,is more common in athletes.As soon as a permanent injury that generates lesions,it is difficult to treat by traditional treatment methods,which need to be solved in sports medicine.Transforming growth factor-β,an important factor regulating the formation of cartilage,stimulates or inhibits a variety of cells.By increasing the sensitivity of chondrocytes,transforming growth factor-β plays a central role in the process of repairing osteoarthdtis cartilage injury,regulates in vitro protein synthesis,but also affect on the induction of specific granulation tissues.Bone morphogenetic protein-7 can induces cartilage-specific collagen and mucin production by mesenchymal and wound areas,which has promotive effect on cartilage reparation.CONCLUSION:Transforming growth factor-β or bone morphogenetic protein-7 has certain effect on knee cartilage injury;however,whether the combination of them can promote reparation of articular cartilage injury needs to be explored.

Orexins are a class of important hypothalamic neuropeptides,including type A and B. Orexins are associated w ith numerous physiological functions, including sleep-aw akening, energy balance, endocrine and visceral functions, and they also have certain relations w ith the pathophysiological changes, such as drow siness and drug abuse. In recent years, the pathophysiological role and mechanism, as w el as the clinical significance of orexins in cerebrovascular diseases are causing concern. This article summarizes the roles of orexins and focuses on the roles of orexin A in cerebrovascular diseases.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor of plasma cells that remains incurable.More attentions have been lately directed to the immunotherapy,which has proven benefits in eradicating minimal residual disease of MM,reducing relapse and improving patients' overall survival.Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a tumor associated antigen of MM,and has attracted increasing interest as a potential target for MM immunotherapy.In addition,MUC1-based vaccines have quickly entered human clinical trials,and some promising responses have been reported.Here,an up-to-date review of MUC1-based immunotherapy of MM is given.

Objective To investigate the effects of Pulsatilla saponin D and sorafenib on the metastasis of human hepa?toma cell line. Methods The human hepatoma cell line BEL-7402 cells were divided into Pulsatilla saponin D group (con?centration of 11.9 mg/L), sorafenib group (concentration of 2.15μmol/L), the combined group (Pulsatilla saponin D 11.9 mg/L+Sorafenib 2.15μmol/L) and the control group (ordinary broth). The inhibition effects of Pulsatilla saponin D and sorafenib monotherapy and combination therapy on BEL-7402 cell migration were detected by MTT assay, Transwell chamber experi?ment and cell scratch experiment. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 gene protein. Results MTT assay showed that Pulsatilla saponin D (11.9 mg/L), sorafenib (2.15μmol/L) monotherapy and combination therapy had inhibitory effects on BEL-7402 cell proliferation, and the 24-h inhibi?tion rate was<15%. Results of Transwell chamber experiment and cell scratch test showed that the migration inhibitory rate was significantly higher in combination group than that of monotherapy group (P<0.01). The combined effect of madicine was the addition (0.85≤Q≤1.15). Western blot detection showed that there was a higher effect of down-regulation on MMP-2 and MMP-9 in combined group than that of monotherapy group. Conclusion Pulsatilla saponin D and sorafenib synergis?tically inhibit the metastasis of BEL-7402 cells. The joint effects are superior to monotherapy.

Objective To investigate clinical value of single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNParray) gene chip technique in diagnosis of genetics of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods From January to October 2012,the 26 patients with more than twice of spontaneous abortion in Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were enrolled in this study(RSA group).Meanwhile 20 cases with induced abortion were taken as control group.All aborted tissues were analyzed with conventional cytogenetic karyotyping and SNP-array,respectively.Results Chorionic villus chromosomal examination was successfully done in 19 cases (73％,19/26),which 10 cases were found with chromosomal anomaly,the overall detection rate is 10/19.However,SNP-array analysis was successfully performed in all 26 cases.The overall rate of detection was 100％,and abnormalities were found in 15 cases,which reached the detection rate was 58％ (15/26).Chorionic villus chromosomal examination was successfully done in 16 cases (16/20) in control group,and none of the resluts was chomosomal anomaly; SNP-array analysis was successfully performed in all 20 cases (20/20),and none was found abnormalities.Conclusion SNP-array gene chip technique showed highly accurate feature,which could be used in cytogenetic diagnosis of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Objective To observe the expression changes of microRNA-124(miRNA-124) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice and investigate the correlation of miRNA-124 with neural axon regeneration.Methods Ninety-one C57BL/6 mice were assigned into TBI group (n =63) and control group (n =28) according to the random number table.Mice in TBI group were subjected to controlled cortical impact and euthanized at 12 hours and 1,3,7,14,21,28 days postinjury for the collection of brain tissue in the trauma zone.Mice in control group underwent craniectomy only.Trauma zone observation was done using the HE staining.Expression of miRNA-124 was detected using the real-time PCR.Levels of Nrp-1,Gap-43 and Tau were detected using the Western blot and immunohistochemical staining.Results After injtury,study of mice behavior and HE staining indicated the establishment of experimental model was successful.Expression of miRNA-124 reached the peak at 3 days postinjury (3.80 ± 0.22),expression of Nrp-1 reached the peak at 7 days postinjury (2.006 ±0.179),expression of Tau reached the peak at 14 days postinjury (2.063 ±0.172),and expression of Gap-43 sustained high level since 12 hours after injury(1.355 ± 0.093) (P ＜ 0.05).Count of axon marker positive cells in TBI group was the lowest at 1 day postinjury due to the direct damage and edema,and then slowly recovered.There was no significant difference in the count of axon marker positive cells between the two groups at 14,21 and 28 days postinjury (P ＞ 0.05),but the morphology in TBI group changed obviously.Although the positive cells of axon marker decreased at 1 day postinjury,expressions of miRNA-124,Nrp-1,Tau and Gap-43 in TBI group were significantly increased compared to the detections in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Increased expression of miRNA-124 in trauma zone may closely related to axon regeneration after TBI in mice.

Objective To construct ICAM-1 recombinant eukaryotic expression vector. Methods Human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR of totol RNA extracted from human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. Amplified ICAM-1 cDNA fragment was cloned into pGEM-T easy vector to construct pGEM-ICAM-1 vector. Then ICAM-1 cDNA from pGEM-ICAM-1 vector was cloned into eukaryotic expression pcDNA3.1hisB to construct recombinant pcDNA3.1hisB-ICAM-1 vector. Restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the recombinant vector. Results 1622bp ICAM-1 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR. The PCR product was successfully ligated with pGEM-I easy vector. Restriction endonuclease digestion analysis and DNA sequencing showed that recombinant pcDNA3.1HisB-ICAM-1 was successfully constructed. Conclusion Eukaryotic expression recombinant vector pCDNA3.1hisB-ICAM-1 was contructed.

Objective To explore advantages of combined laparoscopic surgery(CLS).Methods The clinical data of 728 cases of CLS from July 1992 to March 2006 were analyzed retrospectively,including 586 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with fenestration drainage of hepatic cysts,80 cases of LC combined with appendectomy,46 cases of LC combined with oophorocystectomy,16 cases of LC combined with unroofing and drainage of renal cysts.Results 726 cases of CLS were successfully performed,and 2 cases were converted to open surgery for abdominal adherence,with no complications such as bile duct injury,hemorrhea,infection and death occurred.During a mean follow-up period of 16 months(range,2-60 months) in 512 cases,no biliary calculi,recurrence of liver,kidney and ovarian cysts occurred.Conclusions CLS for two kinds or more abdominal diseases in one operation is safe and effective,with advantages of minimal invasion,less pain,and quicker recovery and so on.

Objective To carry on statistical analysis of tradtional mongolian medicine syndrome in angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, find out the significative indices for syndrome diagnosis, and establish the diagnostic criteria of tradtional mongolian medicine syndrome in angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Methods Cases of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease were selected according to modern medical diagnostic criteria. Clinical observations were carried on and clinical information was filled in the forms of the clinical cases. Each case was differentiated and made corresponding diagnosis of syndrome according to tradtional mongolian medicine. Clinical cases were grouped according to syndrome of tradtional mongolian medicine and decided the significative indices by statistical analysis. Results Four hundred and ten cases were differentiated which contain tradtional mongolian medicine information about angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, including 358 cases of Chu Si syndrome, 23 cases of Nian Xie syndrome, and 29 cases of Wei Sha syndrome. Through statistical analysis of the various syndromes and the objective indices, diagnostic criteria of tradtional mongolian medicine syndrome in angina pectoris of coronary heart disease was established. Conclusion Diagnostic criteria of tradtional mongolian medicine syndrome in angina pectoris of coronary heart disease was summarized by combination of disease and syndrome, and provides a theoretical basis for the resonable application of mongolian herb.