Frailty is an age-related non-specificity status caused by a decline of physiological reservation,which leads to an increase of vulnerability in body and decrease of ability in stress resistance.The pathophysiology of frailty involves multiple systems including neuromuscular system,metabolism and immune system.Studies have showed that frailty is closely related with negative events of elder people.People with frailty are subject to higher risks for fall,hospitalization,and mortality.However,the development of frailty can be delayed if early prevention or interventions are performed.Prospective cohort studies have showed that the risk factors for frailty include age,gender,family history of obesity,BMI,waist circumference,blood pressure,hyperglycemia,smoking and lack of exercise.Among them,nutrition,exercise and therapeutic drugs are hot spots in prevention study.Here,we reviewed the intervention studies by focusing on nutrition,exercise and therapeutic drugs in frail population.

Objective To realize the automatic conversion of material management information to branch-level material cost accounting. Methods According to the structure of material management system and cost accounting system, memory procedure of HIS was set to undertake the mission of information conversion. Results Automatic conversion of material management information to branch-level material cost accounting saved a lot of manpower and raised the efficiency and accuracy of cost accounting. Conclusion This solution is worth popularizing not only in other cost accounting but in information system integration and data sharing.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. The occurrence of dementia correlates with inflammation. Inflammation processes may play a critical role in the pathogenesi s of the degenerative changes and cognitive impairments associated with Alzheime r's disease. Cyclooxygense-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are reported to be e ffective in reducing the risk of developing AD or cognitive impairments. Studies on this field are of important significance in the understanding the pathogenes is and therapeutic measures for AD. This review will discuss the progress in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by COX-2 inhibitors.

Objective To construct a computerized medical case archive system, which can realize the electronic storage of medical case. Methods Virtual print was used in archive computerized medical cases and electronic signature was used to ensure the legality of the archives. Results The system realized the patient-centered medical information integration and raised the level of medical information storage and management significantly. Conclusion The favorable foundation was established fully in the medical cases archiving system, but the system can be improved in future.

Liver fibrosis is a primary cause of liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocarcinoma. Recently, the usage of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated to improve liver fibrosis. It has been reported that the differentiation, proliferation and migration of MSCs can be regulated by traditional Chinese medicine treatment; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. In this article, the authors review the characteristics of MSCs such as multidirectional differentiation and homing, and its application in animal experiments and clinical trials. The authors also list areas that need further investigation, andlook at the future prospects of clinical application of MSCs.

BACKGROUND: Exercise preconditioning can lighten exercise-induced muscle damage, thereby to avoid delayed onset muscle soreness. At present, experimental research is scarce that apply intedeukin-6 (IL-6), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MM) to evaluate skeletal muscle damage.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of exercise precondiUoning on muscle damage at different phases after eccentric exercise and changes of blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control animal expedmant was carded out in the Animal Laboratory of Chengdu Sports University between 2006 and 2007. MATERIALS: Eighty female adult SD rats, weighing (231.3+12.44) g, were adopted. Eighty rats were randomly divided into without exercise preconditioning group (n=40) and exercise preconditioning group (n=40). Each group was assigned into 5 subsets, termed before exercise, immediately after exercise, 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise, with 8 rats in each subset. METHODS: Except before exercise subset, other rats in the without exercise preconditioning group were forced to do treadmill exercise (19-21 m/min, -16° incline, 90 minutes). All rats of exercise preconditioning group were forced to do eccentric treadmill exercise for two weeks. After two weeks, treadmill test was made for rats except before exercise subset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Soleus muscle structure, blood IL-6, CK and CK-MM immediately, 24, 48, 72 hours after eccentric exercise.RESULTS: The soleus muscle was damaged after exercise, especially in without exercise preconditioning group at 24-48 hours after exercise. Blood IL-6 of without exercise preconditioning group increased significantly immediately after exercise and then gradually decreased, but again raised at 72 hours after exercise. In the exercise preconditioning group, blood IL-6 slightly reduced immediately after exercise and then gradually increased. Peak value appeared at 48 hours. After exercise, IL-6 of exercise preconditioning group was obviously lower than that of without exercise preconditioning group. Before exercise, serum CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group were less than that of without exercise preconditioning group. After exercise, the CK and CK-MM were firstly raised and then reduced in two groups. Except 72 hours after exercise subset, the variation of CK and CK-MM of exercise preconditioning group was lower than that of without of exercise preconditioning group. CONCLUSION: Exercise preconditioning is redounded to lighten the ultrastructure injury of skeletal muscle induced by eccentric exercise and blood indices changes induced by exercise stress. The individual variation of CK and CK-MM is so tremendous that they fit the comparison of intrasubject variability.

Objective To investigate and compare the food consumption concepts and behaviors of Beijing's urban and suburban residents. Methods Intercept questionnaire surveys were conducted on 287 urban customers shopping at a Jingkelong supermarket located in Chaoyang district and 307 suburban customers shopping at a Meilianmei supermarket located in town of Changping, Changping district at 2 randomly chosen times (all between 1:00PM and 5:00PM) from October to December 2007 in each supermarket. Results 93.1% of Beijing residents went to supermarket as their primary place for food shopping. 47.8% and 38.2% of residents thought the most important factors considered for their food shopping were "food hygiene and safety" and "its effects on health" respectively. Suburban residents were concerned more about "food hygiene and safety", while urban residents more about "effects on health" (P

Objective To obtain the normal value of blink reflex(BR) in the elderly. Methods With clinical electrophysiological diagnostic technique, the orbital nerve was stimulated with electric current to elicit blink reflex in an elderly group (30 subjects, 60 sides) and an adult group (29 subjects, 58 sides). Results For the early response R 1 of BR in the elderly, the latency and amplitude were (10 28?0 39) ms,162 88 ?V. For the late response R 2 and R 2',the latency was (32 86?2 81) ms and (33 33?2 90) ms respectively; the amplitude was 210 72 ?V and 156 32 ?V respectively The difference of the latency between the elderly and adult was statistically significant. Conclusions This study indicates that BR measurement is a simple and harmless technique. The latency of BR was prolonged in the aged.

Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cardiovascular System ; Humans ; MicroRNAs

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of new-onset malignant tumors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients .Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients ( 1771 cases ) over 3 years since May 2006 in Xinhua Hospital were retrospectively recruited .The prevalence and distribution of different tumors were analyzed .Results ⑴Total prevalence of malignant tumors was 2.88%, and more common in male ( P <0.05 ) .The prevalence of different malignant tumors in human systems from high to low were digestive, urinary, and respiratory .⑵Age-dependent analysis from <50, 50~, 60~, 70~,and≥80 showed that the prevalence were 0.73%,1.93%,3.27%,3.58%, and 5.02% respectively .A significant difference was found in them ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion The prevalence of new-onset malignancies is higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus , which is associated with age and sex .Tumor screening should be strongly recommended in such a group of the patients for their earlier diagnoses and treatments due to the un -typical clinical manifestations .