INTRODUCTION: Martial arts, other than Tai chi, are now being integrated into exercise programs to improve the balance control of older adults. This scoping review aims to describe the extent, range, and nature of available literature on martial arts use to improve balance control in older adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review will adhere to the steps described in the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Studies on martial arts use, aside from Tai chi, in improving balance in older adults are eligible. Only experimental studies written in English will be included. Literature search on published articles from inception to February 2021 will be conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Medline, and ProQuest. Grey literature search will be implemented in Google Scholar, Pro-Quest Dissertations and Theses Open, University of Santo Tomas Library. Handsearching for additional articles from reference lists of included studies will also be performed. Data on author and year of publication, country, study design, target population, type of martial art, exercise protocol, balance outcome measures used, and main findings will be extracted from the included studies. ETHICS AND DESSIMINATION: This protocol describes the rigorous process that will be implemented to map the breadth of existing literature on martial arts use in improving the balance control of older adults. Ethical approval is not required because only information from publicly accessible sources will be collected. Review findings will be disseminated through publications and presentations in local and international conferences and shared with relevant agencies and societies. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION This protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/vez68.

Background: The Dietary Habits and Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (DHNKQ) is a validated assessment tool that provides information about the nutritional practices of collegiate athletes as an integral support to sports performance. This psychometric study aims to translate and validate the DHNKQ for the Filipino collegiate population to come up with the DHNKQ-FIL using various psychometric protocols consolidated into two phases. Methods: The first phase involved the translation of the tool into Filipino and testing for face and content validity through a focus group discussion by an expert committee and was finalized with the administration of a pre-test to 30 collegiate athletes for final modification purposes. The second phase tested the validated DHNKQ-FIL on a new set of 30 collegiate athletes for internal consistency and reliability testing, statistically analyzed using Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. Results: The DHNKQ-FIL used modern Filipino terminologies, more appropriate for the modern Filipino collegiate athlete. Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) had scores of 90% and above in semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence for both sections. Food guides and choices, along with the usage of medical jargon, were identified areas for modification in the validity testing. Pre-test subjects considered the questionnaire appropriate and applicable for Filipino athletes after cognitive interview. The pilot test showed scale reliability scores of 0.68 or “Questionable” for dietary habits section and 0.81 or “Good” for nutritional knowledge. Test-retest reliability had a score of 0.79 or “Acceptable” for dietary habits and 0.60 or “Questionable” for nutrition knowledge. Conclusion The acceptable scores for the translation, validation, and reliability of the DHNKQ-FIL makes it a valid tool for assessing dietary habit and nutritional knowledge among Filipino collegiate athletes.
Feeding Behavior

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to assess the dietary habits and nutritional knowledge of selected Philippine national combat sports athletes and determine the correlation of demographics and sources of nutrition information with participants' dietary habits and nutrition knowledge. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included assessing boxing and taekwondo Philippine national athletes using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire: Filipino Version. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics between sports comparison and exploratory correlation and regression analyses. Alpha was set at 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 44 participants aged 21+ 3.4 years were able to participate in the study. Responses revealed that 69.44% have fair dietary habits and 73.54% have good nutritional knowledge. Results indicated no significant difference between the two sports in dietary habits and nutritional knowledge (p>0.05). Further analyses revealed that years in playing (r= 0.32, p= 0.04), and sources of nutrition information, precisely strength and conditioning coach (r= 0.36, p= 0.02), and peers (r= 0.39, p= 0.01) have a significant correlation with good dietary habit and nutritional knowledge, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, Filipino national athletes of boxing and taekwondo have fair dietary habits and sound nutritional knowledge. Furthermore, nutritional knowledge sources are possible relevant factors that may affect the dietary habits and nutritional knowledge of combat sports athletes.