OBJECTIVETo study the compounds from Ulva pertusa.

METHODThe alga was extracted with ethanol, isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel and sephadex LH -20. All the compounds were identified on the basis of spectral analysis (including IR, MS, NMR).

RESULTSeven compounds were elucidated as cis-asarone (1), trans-asarone (2), gamma-asarone (3), trans-phytol (4), phytyl-stearate (5), phytyl-acetate (6), isophytol (7).

CONCLUSIONAll other compounds were isolated for the first time from U. pertusa, except for the compound 4.

Anisoles ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Stearates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ulva ; chemistry

Twenty-four factories registered at the Ministry of Labor as factories using or producing cadmium in 1991 were investigated to know the present state of occupational exposure to cadmium in 1992. Nine factories among 24 stopped using or changed to other substances and 1 factory didn't produce any more, but delivered it to other factories through imports. Therefore, only 14 factories were producing or using cadmium. But, alloying materials were uspplied to about 20 and more factories, however, they couldn't be investigated because of limited information. Three factories had less than 50 workers were 3, 6 had 50-300 and 5 had more than 300. About 167 workers were exposed to cadmium. According to the classification by process, there were 4 alloy processes, 2 refinary, 2 elctroplating, 2 dry cell making, 1 industrial battery and 1 copper refinary. 8 factories used metal cadmium, 3 cadmium oxide, 2 cadmium sulfide, and 1 cadmium hyroxide. One factory was importing cadmium stearates only and supplying them to the PVC making factories. The amount of metal cadmium producing in 2 refinary factories was about 50-65 ton per month. The other cadmium compounds were imported. According to exposure level of cadmium in air of the 10 factories examined, each factory could be divided into high, moderate and low exposure groups. 1 battery recycling factory and 3 alloy factories were in the high exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.06679, 0.05481, 0.02492, and 0.003mg/m3, respectively. Refinary and industrial battery making factories were in the middle exposure group and their mean air concentrations were 0.00773 and 0.00613 mg/m3, respectively. Finally, low exposure group were copper smelting, dry cell case making, duplicator drum making and electroplating factory and their mean air concentrations were 0.00096, 0.00071, 0.00057 and 0.00054 mg/m3 respectively.
Alloys ; Cadmium Compounds ; Cadmium* ; Classification ; Copper ; Electroplating ; Korea* ; Occupational Exposure* ; Osmeriformes ; Recycling ; Stearates

Anterior reconstruction with instrumentation of the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) offers: 1) the biomechanical advantage of immediate restoration of the load-bearing anterior column and 2) the ideal biological milieu for an optimal arthrodesis. The authors describe the mini-transthoracic supradiaphragmatic (MTTS) approach to the TLJ. Its technical feasibility is compared with that of the traditional transdiaphragmatic and thoracoscopic supradiaphragmatic approaches to this area of the spine. This technique was performed in 21 patients from 2004 to 2006. There were no surgical mortalities. The MTTS approach without the use of a thoracoscope was successfully employed in this study to treat patients with various lesions located at the TLJ. The diaphragmatic opening, even at its smallest diameter, provides excellent views of the operative field and avoids the significant morbidities associated with the traditional transdiaphragmatic approach.
Arthrodesis ; Diaphragm ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Nitro Compounds ; Spine ; Stearates ; Thoracoscopes ; Weight-Bearing

Erythromycin is known to have both antibiotic and anti-inflammatory activity. It has been used to treat guttate psoriasis. A double-blind, placebo controlled trial was performed using 34 patients with guttate psoriasis at the Out Patient Department of the Philippine General Hospital. Each patient received either placebo or erythromycin stearate 1g in divided doses for 14 days. The response was graded according to the percentage change in Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index (PASI) score after 2 weeks. The results reveal similar baseline demographic characteristics between two treatment groups. After 2 weeks, the average PASI score change improved in the placebo group (9.1 to 8.5) and worsened in the treatment group (9.1 to 11.3). Using the two sample t-tests, there was no significant difference between the to treatment groups in terms of PASI score after 2 weeks. Thus, at present we cannot recommend antibiotic monotherapy in patients with guttate psoriasis.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Erythromycin ; Exanthema ; Lactones ; Stearates ; Lipids ; Fatty Acids ; Psoriasis ; Skin Diseases

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy was used to quantitatively characterize the extent of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed on the surface-coating-modified poly(ether urethane) (PEU) matrix. The two surface modifying additives (SMA) were respectively a tri-block-coupling-polymer of stearyl poly (ethylene oxide)-4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate-stearyl poly(ethylene oxide), for short MSPEO, and another similar block-coupling polymer with the Cibacron Blue F3G-A endgroups, for short cibaMPEO. The experiments of static BSA adsorption were composed by two parts. One was static isothermal adsorption, and the other was static adsorption kinetics. The quantitative characterization was based on the optical principles of FT-IR, method of experiment and index of the apparatus, by which the enhancement of BSA adsorption on the SMA-modified surfaces was confirmed.
Adsorption ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cattle ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polyurethanes ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; metabolism ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Stearates

The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was used to mediate drug carrier for hepatic targeted drug delivery, this article showed the enzyme-catalyzed esterification of galactose and vinyl stearate and a kind of ASGPR ligand-targeted which was used to insert the surface of liposome has been synthesized. The structure of product has been confirmed by TLC, ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The factors of types and quantity of enzyme, organic solvents, molar ratio of substrate, temperature and time of reaction have been studied. Results showed when using acetone as reaction medium, the quantity of Novozym 435 immobilized lipase was 30 mg mL(-1), molar ratio of galactose to vinyl stearate was 1:5, and reacted at 60 degrees C for 12 h, the transformation of vinyl stearate reached more than 70%. This study provides a novel and efficient route to the synthesis of ligand-targeted modifier.
Acetone ; chemistry ; Asialoglycoprotein Receptor ; chemical synthesis ; Catalysis ; Esterification ; Galactose ; chemistry ; Ligands ; Lipase ; chemistry ; Stearates ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Vinyl Compounds ; chemistry

Adult ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Lead ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; Stearates ; Young Adult