No abstract available.
Humans ; Staphylococcal Infections*

Severe ; Staphylococcal Infections

Summary Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a clinical disease with acute onset of fever, rash, hypotension and multi-organ system involvement. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), mostly described in neonate and children, is a superficial blistering disease caused by the exfoliative toxin of specific strains of Staphylococcus aureus. TSS and SSSS rarely occur concurrently in adults. We here describe a 35-year-old woman who was initially referred to dermatology team as toxic epidermal necrolysis. She presented with a rapid epidermal detachment without mucosal involvement, fever and shock, associated with acute kidney injury and transaminitis, severe metabolic acidosis, complicated by COVID-19 infection, and finally succumbed within 36 hours of hospitalization. Early recognition and prompt treatment are the key factors in the management as TSS itself can lead to mortality. Staphylococcal TSS and SSSS are important differential diagnosis to consider in acute epidermal detachment, as not all cases are drug-induced.
Staphylococcal Infections ; Shock, Septic

Summary Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is typically a clinical diagnosis,1 affecting primarily neonates and children. It is characterised by a diffuse skin disorder with tenderness, erythema, large wrinkled superficial blistering, and desquamation caused by the hematogenous dissemination of exotoxin-producing strains of staphylococcus aureus to the skin.4,10 Hospital admission is required for intravenous anti-staphylococcal antibiotic therapy and supportive care. The rarity of SSSS in adults is best explained by the presence of exotoxins neutralizing antibodies and renal elimination of the toxins.2 Two major risk factors are kidney failure and immunosuppression. Therefore, SSSS in adults warrants thorough evaluation.3 Mortality is also greater than 60% in adults, attributed to predisposing comorbid conditions.1,4 One of the mimickers of SSSS is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Here, we report a successful treatment of SSSS in an adult with recreational drug abuse and incidental liver cirrhosis possibly secondary to hepatitis C viral infection, after careful exclusion of TEN.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Adult

Community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) subtype USA300 remains relatively well confined within North American shores. Between August and November 2010, a large international school in Singapore recorded 27 skin and soft tissue infections, 8 of which were confirmed USA 300. This study reports the outbreak investigation and the interventions instituted.
Community-Acquired Infections ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Methicillin ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Singapore ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections

The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a primary immunodificiency disorder characterized by recurrent staphylococcal infections and markedly elevated serum IgE level. Clinical features are coarse face and severe infections of the skin-furunculosis or chronically pruritic dermatitis and sinopulmonary tract infection from infancy by coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans etc. The patients's serum IgE level is elevated but the basic immunologic pathogenesis not fully understood. We have experienced a case of hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome in a 26/12-year-old who had suffered from recurrent staphylococcal pneumonias and abscesses and chronically pruritic dermatitis from 1 month of age with elevated serum IgE level. A brief review of the related literature is presented.
Abscess ; Candida albicans ; Coagulase ; Dermatitis ; Immunoglobulin E ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus

This article reviews the advance in the research of both the mechanism of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) based on the principle of photodynamic therapy and the application of PACT in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Nowadays an inexorable prevalence of resistant bacteria observed worldwide, among which MRSA strains typically have a high potential of provoking outbreaks with intractability, makes it a pressing issue to develop new germicidal strategies. PACT is an emerging photochemistry-based technology. In the presence of oxygen, PACT, with the aid of the activation of photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species by the wavelength-specific light, destroys the structure of bacteria selectively and efficiently, with much lower bacterial resistance level than that of antibiotics. We expect that further research would elucidate the mechanism and develop clinical applications of PACT, and it may become a novel approach to solve the problem of MRSA infection in the future.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Photochemotherapy ; Staphylococcal Infections ; microbiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and feasibility of cryogenic disinfectants in different cold scenarios and analyze the key points of on-site cryogenic disinfection. METHODS: Qingdao and Suifenhe were selected as application sites for the manual or mechanical spraying of cryogenic disinfectants. The same amount of disinfectant (3,000 mg/L) was applied on cold chain food packaging, cold chain containers, transport vehicles, alpine environments, and article surfaces. The killing log value of the cryogenic disinfectant against the indicator microorganisms ( Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was used to evaluate the on-site disinfection effect. RESULTS: When using 3,000 mg/L with an action time of 10 min on the ground in alpine regions, the surface of frozen items, cold-chain containers, and cold chain food packaging in supermarkets, all external surfaces were successfully disinfected, with a pass rate of 100%. The disinfection pass rates for cold chain food packaging and cold chain transport vehicles of centralized supervised warehouses and food processing enterprises were 12.5% (15/120), 81.67% (49/60), and 93.33% (14/15), respectively; yet, the surfaces were not fully sprayed. CONCLUSION Cryogenic disinfectants are effective in disinfecting alpine environments and the outer packaging of frozen items. The application of cryogenic disinfectants should be regulated to ensure that they cover all surfaces of the disinfected object, thus ensuring effective cryogenic disinfection.
Humans ; Disinfectants/pharmacology* ; Disinfection ; Escherichia coli ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus aureus

Aims: Recent reports indicate that many coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains are resistant to most antimicrobials used against staphylococcal infections. This study was aimed to determine the species distribution of the CoNS isolates in Lokman Hekim Ankara Hospital and determine their antimicrobial resistance characteristics. Methodology and results: The study was conducted at Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital between February 2020 and August 2021. The 154 blood cultures included in the study were incubated in the BACTEC FX40 automated blood culture device. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the samples with positive catalase tests were performed with the BD Phoenix Automated Microbiology Sensitivity System. The statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Nineteen different types of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) isolated from different age groups were identified. Vancomycin resistance was observed in 20 samples (13%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) resistance was seen in 44 of 152 samples (28.6%), linezolid resistance in 15 of 143 samples (10.5%) and daptomycin resistance in 16 of 146 blood samples (11%). Conclusion, significance and impact of study In our investigation, there has been a striking rise in the prevalence of vancomycin, TMP-SMX, linezolid and daptomycin resistance among infections with the MRCoNS. Identifying and classifying multidrug resistance on MRCoNS requires reliable epidemiological data to be collected and compared between healthcare facilities in different countries. The research finding reported in this paper will contribute to the determination of alternative antibiotics for treating MRCoNS.
Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Turkey

A 13-year-old girl presented with multiple skin abscesses. She was diagnosed as having juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) at the age of 7 years. She had suffered from recurrent skin infections, atypical pruritic dermatitis and pneumonia since the age of 8 years. Bacteriologic and fungal cultures for skin abscesses and oral mucosa were positive S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Chemotactic defect in peripheral blood neutrophils was observed. The level of serum IgE was markedly elevated, and anti-S.aureus specific IgE was found. A diagnosis of hyperimmunoglobulin E-recurrent infection syndrome (HIE) was made and she was successfully treated with surgical drainage and antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of HIE in a patient with juvenile dermatomyositis.
Adolescence ; Case Report ; Dermatomyositis/complications* ; Female ; Human ; IgE/blood ; Job's Syndrome/immunology ; Job's Syndrome/diagnosis ; Job's Syndrome/complications* ; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology ; Staphylococcal Infections/complications ; Staphylococcus aureus/immunology