Postpartum stress incidence rate is quite high (26% - 85%). Several studies reveal that more than 50% of women experience stress and depression after giving birth and almost 80% of new mothers experience terrible sadness feelings after giving birth, often called postpartum stress. This study aims to determine the effect of postpartum coping skill classes (PCSC) on stress level, cortisol level, maternal self-efficacy (MSE), and baby's growth and development. This study employed an experimental design method with a randomized study pre-test post-test control group design. The study was conducted on 18 postpartum women who were given PCSC treatment which was integrated into postpartum classes and 17 women were given postpartum classes (PC) only. The study was conducted in 4 weeks. The data were analyzed statistically using a t-test method. Ethical clearance for the study was obtained. The results disclose that PCSC significantly decrease the PSS score (-2.66 ± 4.74, p = 0,029). Similarly, the cortisol level drops significantly (-38.53 ± 74.60, p = 0.031). In other respect, the MSE score between groups have significant mean difference (p = 0.013), but the weight gain and development of the baby between the two groups have no significant mean difference (p >0.05). The provision of coping skill classes through maternal classes for postpartum women was effective in decreasing stress levels, cortisol levels, and increasing MSE scores although it did not affect the baby's growth and development.

Objective: To determine anti-viral activities of three Artocarpus species: Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus camansi, and Artocarpus heterophyllus (A. heterophyllus) against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Methods: Antiviral activities of the crude extracts were examined by cell culture method using Huh7it-1 cells and HCV genotype 2a strain JFH1. The mode of action for anti-HCV activities was determined by time-of-addition experiments. The effect on HCV RNA replication and HCV accumulation in cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results: The dichloromethane (DCM) extract of A. heterophyllus exhibited strong anti-HCV activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of (1.5 ± 0.6)μg/mL without obvious toxicity. The DCM extracts from Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus camansi showed moderate anti-HCV activities with IC50 values being (6.5 ± 0.3) μg/mL and (9.7 ± 1.1) μg/mL, respectively. A time-of-addition studies showed that DCM extract from A. heterophyllus inhibited viral entry process though a direct virucidal activity and targeting host cells. HCV RNA replication and HCV protein expression were slightly reduced by the DCM treatment at high concentration. Conclusions: The DCM extract from A. heterophyllus is a good candidate to develop an antiviral agent to prevent HCV grant reinfection following liver transplantation.

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of the stem bark of asam kandis [Garcinia cowa Roxb. (G. cowa)] on T47D breast cancer cell line. Methods: The cytotoxicity of ethanol extract was carried out against human breast cancer cell line (T47D) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. The extract was added at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL). The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the level of IC

Objective To determine anti-viral activities of three Artocarpus species: Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus camansi, and Artocarpus heterophyllus (A. heterophyllus) against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Methods Antiviral activities of the crude extracts were examined by cell culture method using Huh7it-1 cells and HCV genotype 2a strain JFH1. The mode of action for anti-HCV activities was determined by time-of-addition experiments. The effect on HCV RNA replication and HCV accumulation in cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results The dichloromethane (DCM) extract of A. heterophyllus exhibited strong anti-HCV activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC