Anxiety and depression were known to bring detrimental outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Notwithstanding their high prevalence and catastrophic impact, anxiety and depression were unrecognized and untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among IHD patients and the association of this condition with clinical and selected demographic factors. This was a cross-sectional study on 100 IHD patients admitted to medical ward in UKMMC. Patients diagnosed to have IHD were randomly assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Perceived Social Support (PSS) Questionnaire. Socio-demographic data were obtained by direct interview. Fifteen percent of IHD patients in this sample were noted to have anxiety, fourteen percent noted to have depression while thirty two percent was noted to have both anxiety and depression. Patients’ age group and the duration of illness were found to have significant association with anxiety. Socio-demographic data were obtained by direct interview. Fifteen percent of IHD patients in this sample were noted to have anxiety, fourteen percent noted to have depression while thirty two percent was noted to have both anxiety and depression. Patients’ age group and the duration of illness were found to have significant association wit¬h anxiety. The other clinical and selected demographic factors such as gender, race, marital status, education level, occupation, co-existing medical illness and social support were not found to be significantly associated with anxiety or depression among the IHD patients. In conclusion, proper assessment of anxiety and depression in IHD patients, with special attention to patients’ age and duration of illness should be carried out routinely to help avert detrimental consequences.​

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of regular surveillance venography with or without percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in haemodialysis patients presenting with central venous occlusive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-centre retrospective analysis of haemodialysis patients who presented with central vein occlusion (CVO) and central vein stenosis (CVS) between January 2008 and December 2011 was performed. CVO and significant CVS were defined as 100% and >50% luminal narrowing, respectively. Upon successful angioplasty on first presentation, patients were followed up with regular surveillance venography within 3-6 months of the intervention and were re-treated when a significant stenosis or occlusion was demonstrated. Data on patient's demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, type of upper limb dialysis access, lesion characteristics and complications were collected. Technical success, primary patency and primary assisted patency were analysed. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients with CVO and 77 patients with CVS were enrolled. The technical success of initial PTA was 77% and 73% for the CVO and CVS groups, respectively. The primary patency at 3 months was 65% and 55% for the CVO group and CVS group, respectively ( = 0.32). The primary assisted patency at 1 year was 88% and 99% for the CVO group and CVS group, respectively ( = 0.009). At 2 years, the primary assisted patency were 77% and 90%, respectively ( = 0.07). There was significant difference in the overall primary assisted patency ( = 0.048) between the CVO and CVS groups. CONCLUSION CVOs are more difficult to treat than CVS. High primary assisted patency rates can be achieved with surveillance venography, albeit at the expense of increased number of interventions. Further cost effectiveness studies need to be performed to study the true benefit of our surveillance programme.