Objective To study the effect of gastrin, motilin of chronic atrophic gastritis model in rats by acupuncturing at back-shu points. Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, omeprazole group, back-shu points group, with 15 rats in each group, and to establish the model of chronic atrophic gastritis by irregular diet that given rats odd and even days. The blank control group, model control group were fed with normal saline, 2ml/time, 1 time/day. The omeprazole group was given oral gavage(Omeprazole 0.44 mg/kg, Clarithromycin 6.92 mg/kg, Metronidazole 7.6 mg/kg), 1 time/day. Back-shu points group received acupuncture at “Geshu”“Ganshu”“Pishu”“Weishu”“Shenshu”, retaining 15 min, 1 time/day. After 30 days, the content of ELSIA was used to detect the serum gastrin, motilin. Results ①GAS of model control group(54.25±5.70)pg/ml was significantly decreased compared with blank control group(66.63± 5.99)pg/ml, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, GAS content of omeprazole group(62.70±8.55)pg/ml and back-shu Points group(66.27±3.79)pg/ml were higher, showed significant differences(P<0.05). ②MOT of model control group(223.60±17.83)pg/ml was significantly increased compared with the blank control group(188.45 ± 8.90)pg/ml, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). MOT of omeprazole group(200.16 ± 4.38)pg/ml and back-shu Points group(190.11±10.04)pg/ml were lower than those in the model control group, there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncturing at back-shu acupoints can increase the content of GAS, reduce content of MOT, regulate gastrointestinal hormone in rats of chronic atrophic gastritis model.

Objective: To investigate the effect of medication on left ventricular myocardial matrix remodeling in neuroendocrine hypertensive rats and the mechanism and inhibitive method thereof. Methods: A neuroendocrine hypertensive model was established with adult Wistar rat. A total of 34 rats were randomly divided into four groups: parzosin (Hα), cilazapril (Hace), pentoxifylline(Hptx) and hypertensive control group(Hc). Ten normal-tensive Wistar rats were used as normal control (Nc). The systemic blood pressure, serum procollagen type Ⅲ level, serum TNF-α level, collagen volume fraction(CVF) were detected. Results: In Hace group, systolic pressure, left ventricular weight, the levels of serum procollagen type III and TNF-α were all reduced obviously compared to those in Hc group(P < 0.05). In Hα group, the systolic pressure and left ventricular weight were reduced obviously compared to those in Hc group(P < 0.05), however, the levels of serum procollagen type III and TNF-α were higher than those of Nc group(P < 0.05). In group Hptx, the systolic pressure and left ventricular weight were not decreased, while the levels of serum procollagen typeⅢ,TNF-α and CVF were reduced to normal levels. Conclusion:The angiotensin coverting enzyme inhibitor is the effective agent to reverse myocardial fibrosis, which can be achieved mostly by the inhibition of AngⅡ. Pentoxifylline may inhibit and reverse myocardial fibrosis which correlated with inhibiting TNF-α.

Objective To study the roles of abnormal expressions of Caspase-8 and protein kinase C(PKC)-β of cardiomyocytes in the development of the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte in diabetic rat. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups:(1)normal control (NC, n=37),(2)rats given STZ injection and normal diet(STZ,n= 42), (3) rats fed with high fat and high sngar ( HFS, n= 37), (4)rats given STZ injection and high fat and high sugar diet (type 2 DM, n=64). Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were detected. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and their hearts were examined. Pathological changes were observed and the expressions of Caspase-8, PKC-β mRNA were determined by real time-PCR method; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results (1)The body weight was higher in HFS group than in other three groups, and progressively decreased in type 2 diabetes group. The glucose level was highest in diabetic group, and was similar between groups of HFS and NC. (2)The apoptosis showed tendency to ascend during course of disease in diabetes model group. (3)The expressions of Caspase-8 and PKC-β mRNA were significantly enhanced in diabetes model group than in normal control group, and had a tendency to ascend during the course of disease.(4)The myocardial cells of the diabetic rats were rarified and swelling, fibrosis was observed. (5)At the 16th week, the level of plasma glucose was correlated positively with the expressions of Caspase-8 and PKC-β mRNA. Conclusions The enhancement of expressions of Caspase-8 amd PKC-β may play iportat rols in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy,in which apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes increased.

Objective To study the dynamic changes of injury and apoptosis of liver induced by lipid metabolic disturbance in the rats with diabetes mellitus and their correlation with the expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c)and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).Methods Experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups:diabetesgroup(n=64)induced by high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet plus intra-peritoneal streptozeotocin(STZ)injection,normal control(n=37)fed regular diet and receiving citric buffer solution injection,STZ group(n=42)fed regular diet and receiving STZ injection,high gluaxeard fat group(n =37)receiving citric buffer solution injection.Body weight,liver weight,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterole(TC),alanine transaminase(ALT),asparate transaminase(AST)were detected at various time intervals.The changes of liver histopathology and ultrastructure were observed by ES and Sudan Ⅲ stanings,transmission electrom microscope.The expressions of SREBP-1c and JNK mRNAs and proteins were determined by real time-PCR methods.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The diabetic rats showed much lower body weight(P＜0.05)and higher liver weight than controls,STZ group and high-carbohydrate and fat group(P＜0.05),while showed higher levels(P＜0.05)of serum FPG,FINS,TG,TC,ALT,AST.Diabetic rats exhibited fatty degeneration of liver cells accompanied by inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis.Organelle structures were more disturbed and apoptosis was more obviou along with longer course of disease.The expressions of SREBP-1c,JNK proteins and mRNA were significantly enhanced.The rats fed high-carbohydrate and fat diet also showed similar liver lesions and enhanced SREBP-1c,J NK proteins and mRNA expressions but not as severe as in diabetes group Conclusions Insulin resistance and high blood glucose may induce diabetic hepatopathy.The high expressions of JNK and SREBP-1c may play important roles in liver lipid metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis.

Objective To study the development of cardiomyopathy complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the rats. Methods The 120 health male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 4 groups: (1)STZ-modeled diabetes, fed with high-carbohydrate plus high-fat diet (n=40);(2)fed with regular diet (n=30);(3)and (4)SD rats with citrate buffer instead of STZ injection, fed with high-carbohydrate and high fat diet (n= 25);and fed with regular diet (n= 25); At the 4th, 8 th, 12 th and 16 th week after the intra-peritoneal injection of STZ solution or citrate buffer solution, rats from each group were scarified and examined. Results There were no significant differences in body mass and blood glucose among those groups after one week of feeding (P＞0. 05).After 4 weeks of feeding before injection, the body mass, fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) were obviously increased in diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-fat control group as compared with STZ control group and normal control group (P＜ 0. 05). There were no significant differences between diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-fat control group,between STZ control group and normal control group (P＞0. 05). After injection, the blood glucose,body mass, ventricular mass, TG and TC were higher in diabetes group and high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid control group than in STZ control group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The above parameters were much higher in diabetes group than in high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid control group, but there was no difference between STZ control group and normal control group (P＜0. 05).Pathological examination showed that the weight of the heart was significantly increased, the myocardial cells were hypertrophied accompanying degenerative changes and apoptosis, the interstitial collagen fibers were hyperplasia in the diabetic rats. The ultrastructures also presented severe damage.These changes indicated that cardiomyopathy was induced in the diabetes rats. Although similar changes were found in the rats fed with high-carbohydrate plus high-fat diet, they were much less significant than those in the diabetic rats. Conclusions Cardiomyopathy developes frequently in the rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by feeding high-carbohydrate plus high-lipid diet and single intra-peritonial injection of 30 mg/kg STZ solution.

Objective:To investigate the changes of left ventricular mass index(LVMI),plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP),interJeukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10)in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF),and their values in risk stratification and prognostic evaluation of CHF thereof.Methods:Ninety-five patients with CHF in accordance with 2001ACC/AHA guidelines were enrolled and stratified as stage A(n=21),B(n=23),C(n=31)and D(n=20).The levels of plasma BNP,IL-6 and IL-10 were measured and compaired with those in 20 healthy subjects(control group).The patients were followed up every three months in two years.The end point was the rehospitalization and the cardiac death.Results:(1)The level of LVMI increased early in patients with CHF at stage B.(2)The plasma BNP levels were initially elevated in CHF patients at stage B,and the concentrations of BNP closely paralleled disease severity.(3)The levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-10 were increased,and the ratio of IL-10/IL-6 was decreased,with the progression of CHF at stage C and D.The plasma BNP level was positively correlated with the levels of IL-6 and IL-10.(4)The new CHF stratification was surperior to NYHA functional classification in regard to CHF prognosis prediction.(5)Multivariate COX regression analysis showed the levels of BNP and IL-6 were the independent risk factors in prognostic evaluation(P＜0.01,P=0.026).(6)Patients in high-risk groups stratified by the combination of BNP and stage classification had obviously higher end point events rate.Conclusion:(1)LVMI was a better marker for the evaluation of left ventrieular remodeling.(2)The intrinsic mechanism of CHF progression was inflammatory reaction deterioration.(3)BNP was a good marker in predicting onset and prognosis of CHF.The combination of BNP and the stage classification could improve the prognostic evaluation in patients with CHF.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.