Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (commonly known as black widow spiders) have toxins not only in their venom glands, but also in other parts of their body, in their eggs and even in the newborn spiderlings. The study on the toxins in venom and materials outside the venom glands of the spiders to elucidate their differences and similarities, evolutional relationship and biological functions is of important theoretical and applicable significance. The development of modern protein chemistry and proteomics techniques has provided efficient means for the study of protein and peptide toxins of L. tredecimguttatus. By using such techniques, the molecular base and action mechanism of the toxins can be revealed at the levels of both single purified proteins and omics. Up to now, although protein chemistry and proteomics study on L. tredecimguttatus toxins have achieved a certain progress, the relevant work particularly that on the toxins in the materials outside the venom glands has to be further deepened.
Animals ; Arthropod Proteins ; chemistry ; Black Widow Spider ; chemistry ; Proteomics ; Venoms ; chemistry

LUO Yuan-kai's idea on running the school, the school orientation, education and management and also the concept medical subject development is the most important part of his educational ideas, and it is the real practice and development of his educational ideas on higher Chinese medical education, and it is the practical support on how he became the famous Chinese medical educator and made his greatest educational achievement.

LUO Yuan-kai's caring about Chinese medicine, taking his responsibility on teaching Chinese medicine and of course, his great knowledge, all made him a good educator. He made great contribution to Chinese higher medical education. His idea of education is the valuable spiritual wealth of Chinese higher medical education and has also profound inspiration to the development and innovation of 21st century's Chinese medical education.

The neurotoxin peptide, hainantoxin-Ⅵ (HNTX- Ⅵ), has been isolated from the venom of Chinese tarantula Ornithoconus hainana by a combination of ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The toxin was found to contain 34 amino acid residues with 6 conserved cysteine residues. The effects of HNTX-VI on voltage-gated sodium channels were studied via whole-cell patch clamp techniques. Although several inhibitors of mammalian neuronal sodium channel activation (hainantoxin Ⅰ-Ⅴ) had been characterized from the same venom, the present study indicated that HNTX-Ⅵ had the ability to slow the inactivation kinetics of the sodium channels in Cockroach Periplaneta Americana dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons in a similar manner to δ-atractoxins. After HNTX-Ⅵ treatment, steady-state sodium channel inactivation became incomplete, leading to a non-inactivating component at potentials more positive than - 55 mV. The novel function of the tarantula toxin HNTX-Ⅵ not only supplies a useful tool for exploring the gating mechanisms of sodium channels but also provides theoretical foundations for exploiting novel and safe insecticides.

Objective To observe the effect of ephedrine on the expression of eotaxin in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) and to explore the mechanism of Chinese medicine ephedra in treating asthma .Methods The in vitro cultured 16HBE were randomly divided into the control group ,TNF‐αstimulation group(TNF‐α20 ng/mL) and TNF‐αplus ephedrine group (TNF‐α20 ng/mL plus ephedrine 300 μg/mL) .Three complex holes in each group were set to culture for 18 h ,the eotaxin mRNA expression was measured by real time fluorescent quantified PCR and protein level was detected by immunocytochemical stain and Western blot .The eotaxin concentration in cells culture supernatant was quantified by ELISA .Results Compared with the the control group ,the expression level of eotaxin mRNA and protein ,and the concentration of eotaxin in cell culture supernatant in the TNF‐α stimulation group were increased obviously ,there being statisticaly significant difference between them(P<0 .01);however ,all above these parameters in the TNF‐αplus ephedrine group showed decreased obvi‐ously as compared with the TNF‐αgroup ,the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Ephed‐rine can inhibit the expression and secretion of eotaxin in TNF‐α induced 16HBE inflammatory model ,which may be one of the mechanisms of Chinese medicine ephedra in treating asthma .

OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation of UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms with the incidence and severity of irinote-can-associated ADR in the patients with irinotecan-based chemotherapy. METHODS:56 patients with advanced gastroenteric tumor and small cell lung carcinoma were selected from our hospital and treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy. The occurrence of ADR was observed during chemotherapy. Gene DNA were collected from peripheral blood sample,and UGT1A1 gene polymor-phisms was determined. The relationship of genotypes with ADR was analyzed. RESULTS:TA sequence of UGT1A1*28 genetic lo-cus was as follows:wild-type genotype TA6/6(42 cases,75.0%),heterozygous mutation-type TA6/7(13 cases,23.2%)and ho-mozygous mutation-type TA7/7(1 cases,1.8%);that of UGT1A1*6 genetic locus was as follows:wild-type genotype(44 cases, 78.6%),heterozygous mutation-type(10 cases,17.9%)and homozygous mutation-type(2 cases,3.6%). In UGT1A1*28 genetic locus,6 wild-type genotype patients and 3 mutation-type patients suffered from Ⅲ degree or above hypoleukemia and/or neutrope-nia (14.3% vs. 21.4%,P>0.01),among which only one homozygous mutation-type patient suffered from hypoleukemia and/or neutropenia(100%);6 wild-type genotype patients and 2 mutation-type patients suffered from Ⅲ degree or above diarrhea(14.3%vs. 14.3%,P>0.01),among which only one homozygous mutation-type patient suffered from Ⅲ degree or above diarrhea (100%). In UGT1A1*6 genetic locus,3 wild-type genotype patients and 8 mutation-type patients suffered from Ⅲ degree or above neutropenia (6.8% vs. 66.6%,P<0.01),and 2 wild-type genotype patients and 7 mutation-type patients suffered from Ⅲ degree or above diarrhea(4.5% vs. 58.3%,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Among patients with advanced gastroenteric tumor and small cell lung carcinoma,UGT1A1 gene wild-type gene promoter is most common,followed by heterozygous mutation-type,and homozy-gous mutant rare. For TA7/7 homozygous mutation-type patients,irinotecan-based chemotherapy increase the risk of Ⅲ degree or above hypoleukemia and/or neutropenia and diarrhea. For TA6/7 heterozygotes patients and TA6/6 wild-type patients, irinote-can-based chemotherapy doesn't affect the incidence of Ⅲ degree or above neutropenia and diarrhea. For UGT1A1*6 genetic locus mutation-type patients,irinotecan-based chemotherapy significantly increase the risk of Ⅲ degree or above neutropenia and diar-rhea.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenqi Fuzheng injection in the treatment of patients with laparoscopic gastric cancer. Methods A total of 94 cases with laparoscopic gastric cancer included in this study were divided into control group and experimental group with 47 cases in each group.The patients in both groups received laparoscopic gastric carcinoma.Patients in control group received fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin infusion( FOLFOX4 ) chemotherapy and patients in the experimental group revieved Shenqi Fuzheng injection.Both groups received two courses treatment of 14 days for one course.The clinical efficacy, inflammatory levels, tumor indicators and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy in experimental group was 95.74%, which was significantly higher than that in control group 82.98%(P<0.05 ) .The serum level of serum serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) after treatment in experimental group were lower than the control group (P<0.05) .The adverse drug reactions was not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion Shenqi Fuzheng injection has significant efficacy in the treatment of laparoscopic gastric cancer with high safety.

BACKGROUND:Adult cardiomyocytes show no regenerative ability, and celltherapy for myocardial regeneration and repair may improve myocardial ischemic injury function. OBJECTIVE:To confirm the effect and reveal the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS:BMSCs were isolated, cultured from bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats using density gradient centrifugation. AMI models were produced in 20 rats by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and randomly divided into model group and BMSCs group. In the BMSCs group, cells were subsequently injected with a sterile microinjection via the tail vein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Six months postoperatively, the cardiac function was improved, the vessel density was increased, the percentage of apoptotic cells was decreased in the BMSCs group than that in the model group;the expression levels of inflammatory factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, von Wil ebrand factor, transforming growth factor 3β, and interleukin-1βmRNA were significantly improved in the BMSCs group than that in the model group. These results showed that BMSCs can protect the myocardium from AMI by regulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors.

Objective:To study the effect of invigorating the kidney and spleen complex prescription on deltamethrin intoxicated pregnant rats. Methods:Pregnant rats were divided into 5 groups. Except the blank group,other groups were orally fed 1/20LD50(6.93mg/kg)DM daily from day 1 to 15 when proved pregrancy. 4 Hours later,rats in model group were given physiological saline,other 3 groups were given high/ median /low dose of Zhuyun Formula. Half pregnant rats were killed on D15. The rest was kept until labour. The abortion rate,survival rate,delivery condition,the level of estradiol,progestogen were observed. Results:With respect to abortion rate,model group showed statistical signifi cance when compared with other groups. Model group also showed low progesterone level. With the treatment Zhuyun Ⅲ,it had desirable effect in decreasing abortion rate,and increasing the level of progesterone. The labour time of all groups was within the normal range. Conclusion:DM had toxicity on reproduction,it could lead to abortion which was related to endocrine function of pregnant rats. Zhuyun Ⅲ could regulate the above condition and relief DM toxicity.

The number of taking the Examination of Doctor Qualification is rising,while the pass rate is dropping each year.This status has undoubtedly made a big challenge for clinical teaching,and how to improve the effects of clinical lessons has become an important topic for the clinical teachers.The Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University has made some new changes in clinical teaching mode,which has a study clue of organ and system.Those methods give much help for students to pass the Examination of Doctor Qualification.