Objective To investigate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B ) in focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment.Methods The focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model was made by suture occlusion of right middle cerebral artery. The rats were randomly assigned to nine groups: sham operated group, 6 hours and 24 hours ischemia groups, 6 hours and 24 hours reperfusion groups, corresponding NAC treatment groups. NAC groups’ rats were treated with NAC (150 mg/kg) prior to occlusion. NF-?B p65 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Brain was stained with 1% triphenyltetrazolium chloride for assessment of the volume of infarction. Apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results The translocation of NF-?B from cytoplasm to nucleus increased significantly after ischemia and reperfusion. The expression of NF-?B p65 decreased in NAC pretreatment groups, which were respectively (0.462% ? 0.022%) in 6 hours ischemia-reperfusion groups, (0.452% ? 0.015%) in 24 hours ischemia-reperfusion groups, as compared with saline control groups which were (0.563% ? 0.028%) and (0.554% ? 0.013%) (P

BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an important transcription factor, which can promote the transcription of many target genes after activated.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of NF-κB in local cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and the influence of the pretreatment of the N-acetylcysteine.DESIGN: Randomized grouping experiment with animals as subjects.SETTING: Department of Neurology, the Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was finished in the Animal Experimental Center and Laboratory of Pathology of Harbin Medical University. Ninetynine male healthy Wister rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham-operated group(n=l 1), saline control group(n=44), N-acetylcysteine group(n=44).METHODS: Rat models of cerebral ischemia were made with the method of thread blocking improved by Longa et al in rats of the three groups. A nylon line with a smooth spherical captular end of 0.26 mm in diameter made by heating was inserted through the cut of crotch of the common carotid artery. The prepared line for common carotid artery was tied tightly and the arteriole clamp of internal carotid artery was unclamped. The nylon line entered the common carotid artery and the inserted length of the saline control group and the N-acetylcysteine group from the crotch of the internal and external carotid artery was calculated about (18.5±0.5)mm in order to obstruct the blood supply of the middle cerebral artery. The inserted depth in sham-operated group was less than 15 mm and the blood supply of the middle cerebral artery was kept normal. Intraperitoneal injection of N-acetylcysteine was given with 150 mg/kg at 30 minutes before ischemia in N-acetylcysteine group and injection of normal saline was given with equal volume at 30 minutes before ischemia in saline control group.Eleven rats each time in saline control group and N-acetylcysteine group were killed by cutting off heads at the time points of ischemia 6, 24 hours,and reperfusion 1 hour after ischemia 6, 24 hours. The express of NF-κB of brain tissue was observed with immunchistochemical method. Percentage of cerebral infarction of rats in each group was determined by dyeing of tetrachloro red tetrazoline. Apoptosis of brain tissue cells was detected with terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL).MAIN OUTCOME MESURES: Percentage of cerebral infart volume of rats in each group, the activity of combination of the NF-κB and apoptosis of cells.RESULTS: Ninety-nine animals attended the experiment, all of them entered the final analysis. ① Percentages of infarct volume at 1 hour of ischemia and 6, 24 hours of reperfusion in N-acetylcysteine group were (8.39±2.54)%, (24.54±6.02)% respectively, and that of corresponding saline control group were (15.50±4.18)%,(32.22±3.99)%. The focus of infartion with ischemia for 24 hours in each group was increased as compared with that for 6 hours and the infarct volume in group with N-acetylcysteine was obviously decreased as compared with that in saline control group (P ＜ 0.01). ② NF-κB p56 transfered from the kytoplasm to the nucelus after the ischemia and reperfusion. The rates of p56 masculine cells in N-acetylcysteine group of ischemia for 6 and 24 hours were (0.462±0.022)%, (0.452±0.015)% respectively, the express of which was decreased as compared with that in saline control group [(0.563±0.028 )%,(0.554±0.013)%] (P ＜ 0.01 ). ③ Cells of apoptosis pretreated with N-acetylcysteine were obviously decreased as compared with that pretreated with normal saline.CONCLUSION: Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion can activate NF-κB p65, which participate in the damage of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. NF-κB can inhibit the express of p65, and relieve the nerve injury and so have the effct of protection for brain.

Objective To evaluate the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese population.Methods After searching the related literatures from PubMed,Medline,EMBASE databases and common Chinese journal literature databases,meta-analysis was performed to assess the association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with diabetic kidney disease according to the principles of systematic review based on the recessive model and dominant model respectively.Fixed effect model (M-H) was used to pool odd ratio (OR) after heterogeneity test.The Begg and Egger analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias.Results 10 literatures including a total of 2018 cases were included in the metaanalysis.No significant heterogeneity was detected.Data were pooled by fixed effect model.The total OR was 2.41 (95％CI=1.85～3.13) and 2.33 (95％CI=1.82～2.98) in recessive and dominant models respectively.No obvious publication bias was observed by Begg and Egger analysis.Conclusions The T allele of C677T polymorphism in MTHFR gene is positively associated with diabetic kidney disease in Chinese population.

OBJECTIVETo study the baseline distribution of polymorphisms in the promoter of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor co-activator 1 (PPARGC1A) gene in ethnic Hans from Beijing, and to assess their association with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

METHODSA 2-stage study was designed. Firstly, the promoter region of PPAGC1A gene was screened with PCRRFLP in a small population (n=216, T2DM/control: 104/112), which was followed by a replication study of a larger group (n=1546, T2DM/control: 732/814). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, blood lipid, height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured in all subjects. Potential association was assessed by logistic regression. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis were conducted with Haploview software.

RESULTSFive polymorphisms were identified with Sanger sequencing, among which T-2120C (rs3755857), -1999C/G (rs2946386) and -1437T/C (rs2970870) were included for genotypic analysis based on their moderate levels of heterozygosity. No significant difference was found between the two groups. When adjusted for age and gender confounding, we have combined the OR values from population 1 and population 2 based on Mantel-Haenszel fixed model, and recognized a mild contribution of C allele of -1999C/G (rs2946386) to the 1.18-fold risk of T2DM (P=0.03, OR=118). No haplotype was associated with T2DM after permutation correction.

CONCLUSIONThe C allele of -1999C/G ( rs2946386) in the promoter region of the PPARGC1A gene is mildly associated with T2DM. Variations in the promoter region of the PPARGC1A gene seem not to confer the risk of T2DM in our population.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; ethnology ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors ; genetics