Objective　The effects of diclofenac sodium(DFNa) combined with dionine in cases with fibrin exudation membrane on intraocular lens (IOL) were studied. Methods　Thirty-two eyes, derived from sixteen adult pure bred New Zealand rabbits, were divided at random into two groups after extracapsular lens extraction with posterior chamber IOL implantation: (1) rabbits received DFNa eyedrops combined with dionine eyedrops; (2) rabbits received Pred forte eyedrops. The sum of fibrinous exudation membrane on IOL was observed on 1,3,5,7,14,21,30d postoperation. Results　The fibrin exudations in the DFNa combined with dionine group is less than the pred forte group (P>0.05). Conclusion　DFNa combined with dionine is effective in treating fibrin exudation membrane after extracapsular lens extraction and IOL implantation, and it is more effective than the pred forte.

Autophagy, a cellular housekeeping process, is indispensable to controlling the homeostasis of cytoplasm by removing unused proteins and damaged cell organelles. This process involves different types of human diseases, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and infectious diseases. Neurodegeneration is a critical pathological process of many eye diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. The retina and all intraocular cells are constantly exposed to environmental stress and injuries, including oxidative stress and starvation, which lead to autophagy. Autophagy promotes cell survival through the recycling of metabolic precursors, or promotes cell death if autophagy is over-active. Additionally, autophagy and apoptosis have been shown to be harmonious or contrasting, depending on different experimental contexts. All of this contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. This paper reviews the mechanisms and regulation involved in autophagy, current understandings of neuronal autophagy in glaucoma and retina and strategies for therapeutic modulation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of PBL+LBL double-track mode in Ophthalmology teaching.Methods:121 students were divided into two groups.Trial group practiced PBL+LBL double-track teaching,while control group practiced LBL teaching.Results:The results of exam showed that the students in trial group had a significant higher score in sum score and analysis subjects than those in control group(P

Objective To study the effect of hypoxia on proliferation of cultured bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. Methods The bovine RPE cells were cultured under normal and hypoxic chamber respectively. After 24 hours, the proliferation of RPE cells was evaluated by[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT]-test. At the same time, anti-bcl-2 protein antibody was examined by immuno-histochemistry method. Results The A value in the hypoxia group was higher than that in the normal group after 24 hours (P

OBJECTIVE: To explore the apoptosis-inducing effect of ultraviolet(UV) radiation on human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), with particular focus on changes in Bcl-2 or Bax expression as possible mechanisms. METHODS: All experimental groups were exposed to the same UV light source. HLEC were divided into 6 groups according to duration of UV radiation : 0 min group (control group), 5 min group, 10 min group,15 min group, and 30 min group. Analysis on apoptosis of HLEC was performed by flow cytometry analysis (FCA, Annexin V + PI staining). Changes of Bax and Bcl-2 expression in HLEC were detected by hybridization in situ. RESULTS: Apoptosis in HLEC increased with UV exposure time. The expression level of Bax mRNA was increased with the increase of UV exposure time, whereas the expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA decreased with the increase of UV exposure time. The proportion of apoptotic cells was negatively correlated with ratio of Bcl-2/Bax (r=-0.874, P<0.05). CONCLUSION UA radiation can induce apoptosis of HLEC in vitro. Bcl-2 and Bax genes may play an important role in regulating this apoptotic process.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; cytology ; radiation effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Time Factors ; Ultraviolet Rays ; adverse effects ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To determine the apoptosis-inducing effect of ultraviolet light (UV) on human lens epithelial cell (HLEC) and to explore the involvement of changes in ALDH1 folowing UV radiation. METHODS: HLEC was exposed to the same UV light source and was subsequently divided into 6 groups according to UV radiation time of 0 (control group), 5, 10, 15, and 30 min. Apoptosis was detected by AO/EB staining. Changes of ALDH1 in HLEC were detected by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. RESULTS: The intensity of immunohistochemical staining and the rate of positive cells decreased with increase of UV time (P<0.05). The rate of positive ALDH1 cells was negatively correlated with the rate of apoptosis (r= -0.92, P<0.05). Western blot showed the integrated absorbance values significantly decreased with the increase of UV time (P<0.05). CONCLUSION ALDH1 in HLEC decreases with an increase of UV exposure, which may be related to UV induced apoptosis of HLEC.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 ; Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lens, Crystalline ; cytology ; Retinal Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; adverse effects

Objective:To investigate age-related morphological changes of the pancreas in healthy people using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Methods:From January 2017 to October 2019, people who took physical examinations at our hospital were enrolled and were divided into 7 groups according to age: 20-29 years old, 30-39 years old, 40-49 years old, 50-59 years old, 60-69 years old, 70-79 years old and ≥80 years.Also, the former four groups were classified as young and middle-aged(<60 years old)and the latter three as the elderly(≥60 years old). Morphological characteristics of the pancreas in each group were examined via MRI.Differences in parameters such as anteroposterior diameters of the head, body and tail and the pancreatic volume between the groups and the relationship between these parameters and age were analyzed.Results:A total of 191 cases who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, including 96(50.3%)males and 95(49.7%)females, with 28 aged 20-29 years, 28 aged 30-39 years, 27 aged 40-49 years, 26 aged 50-59 years, 30 aged 60-69 years, 28 aged 70-79 years and 26 aged ≥80 years.There were 109 cases in the young and middle-aged category and 82 cases in the elderly category.MRI findings included pancreatic atrophy, which was most obvious in the tail; uneven and serrated edges of the pancreas and pancreatic lobulation; uneven signal intensity in the T 1-and T 2-weighted sequences; the "crispening effect" of pancreatic steatosis in the opposed-phase T 1-weighted sequences, and a trend of widening of the main pancreatic duct.The anteroposterior diameters of the pancreatic head, body and tail and the pancreatic volume reached the peak at(28.21±4.55)mm, (24.00±4.45)mm, (24.91±5.08)mm and(100.91±27.44)cm 3 between 30-39 years of age, and then gradually decreased to(18.87±3.82)mm, (15.63±3.96)mm, (13.70±3.70)mm and(43.88±10.47)cm 3 in those aged ≥80 years, with a decrease of 33.10%, 34.88%, 45.00% and 56.51%, respectively.The anteroposterior diameters of the pancreatic head, body, tail and the pancreatic volume in the elderly were(21.59±4.35)mm, (18.10±4.29)mm, (17.00±4.56)mm and(59.85±22.73)cm 3, which were smaller than those in the young and middle-aged category[(26.18±4.57)mm, (22.10±4.64)mm, (22.42±4.71)mm and(90.09±25.06)cm 3], and the differences were statistically significant( t=7.12, 6.19, 8.10 and 8.71, respectively, all P<0.001). The anteroposterior diameters of the head, body and tail and the pancreatic volume were negatively correlated with age( r=-0.52, -0.45, -0.56 and -0.57, respectively, P<0.001). Conclusions:The anteroposterior diameters of the head, body and tail and the pancreatic volume reach the peak between 30-39 years of age, and then gradually start to decline with the increase of age.After age 60, the decline become more evident, showing morphological signs of degeneration and dilatation of the main pancreatic duct.

Cataract is a major cause of blindness and vision impairment disease, and the main therapy for cataract is operation. For improving the postoperative efficiency, cataract surgery has gradually transformed from traditional restorative surgery to refractive surgery with modern technique. Visual quality is one of the crucial indicators for assessing imaging quality and surgical efficiency in cataract patients. Although several instruments are available, each has its advantage and disadvantage. In the clinic, the optimum visual quality analysis methods should be selected according to the principle, function and clinical significance to meet the practical needs of different cataract patients.
Blindness ; Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Vision Disorders ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) readings as well as the tolerability between Icare rebound tonometer (Icare RBT) and Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), and to evaluate the application of Icare RBT in monitoring the intraocular pressure in children after congenital cataract surgery. METHODS: The IOP was measured with the Icare RBT and GAT respectively in 150 children (262 eyes) after congenital cataract surgery by two experienced ophthalmologists. Correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were used to assess the agreement in IOP readings between the two instruments. The influence of the central corneal thickness (CCT) adjusted for age on IOP readings was analyzed by linear regression analysis. The tolerance of the patients to Icare RBT and GAT measurement were surveyed. RESULTS: The mean age was (44.82 ± 11.56) months in 150 children, including 81 boys and 69 girls. The mean IOP readings by the Icare RBT and GAT were (16.08 ± 5.72) mmHg and (14.17 ± 5.05) mmHg, respectively. The mean difference between the Icare RBT and GAT was (1.91 ± 2.04) mmHg, which was significantly correlated with CCT (r=0.409, P<0.001). The IOP readings by Icare RBT was significantly correlated with that measured by GAT(r= 0.936, P<0.001). The 95% confidence interval of the difference between the two instruments was ?2.10 to 5.91 mmHg. The Icare RBT examination was well tolerated by the children compared to the GAT examination. CONCLUSION The Icare RBT is easy to use and well tolerated by the children after congenital cataract surgery. Compared to GAT, the value measured by the IOPs trends to be overestimated. The difference in readings between the 2 tonometers will magnify with the increase in CCT.
Cataract ; congenital ; Cataract Extraction ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Tonometry, Ocular ; instrumentation